Perception of College Students' Motives for Shoplifting

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 855-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Castellano B. Turner ◽  
Sheldon Cashdan
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Third ◽  
Motivational Patterns ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Frequent Reason ◽  
Diffusion Of Responsibility

Motivational patterns for shoplifting among college students were assessed using a projective questionnaire. Of the various motives offered for shoplifting, “poverty” and “self-indulgence” were the most prevalent. The third most frequent reason given was some variant of “fun” or “thrill,” indicating that some shoplifters may engage in this form of larceny for pleasure and excitement. A number of respondents indicated that revenge or diffusion of responsibility also play a significant role. The relationship between the shoplifter and the company from which one steals may be an important element in shoplifting. Finally, sex differences were explored among respondents. Of the different shoplifting categories studied, the only difference that emerged was within “self-indulgence.” Although this finding needs to be interpreted with caution because the number of comparisons undertaken were large, there may be motivational differences between male and female shoplifters.

BEHAVIORAL IMPLICATIONS OF ADAPTION INNOVATION: I. MANAGERIAL EFFECTIVENESS AS A FUNCTION OF SEX DIFFERENCES IN ADAPTION-INNOVATION

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas F. Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Management Style ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Managerial Effectiveness ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Managers ◽  
The Relationship

Three studies investigated the relationship between effective management and the positions of male and female managers on Kirton's cognitive style dimension of adaption (doing things better) vs. innovation (doing things differently). Both sexes equated innovation with effective male management and adaption with effective female management. The role in management style of characteristic sex-specific differences in adaption-innovation is discussed.

Arousability and Bruxism in Male and Female College Students

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 796-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darrah A. Westrup ◽  
Stephen R. Keller ◽  
Terry A. Nellis ◽  
Robert A. Hicks
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female College ◽  
University Undergraduates ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between arousability, as measured by the Arousal Predisposition Scale, and bruxism was computed for groups of 41 male and 75 female university undergraduates as a further test of the hypothesis that bruxism is a stress-linked disorder. Contrary to our prediction, arousability was not related to bruxism in men and the relationship between these variables for women was significant but relatively weak. When considered with other studies, these data provide a clearer focus for further study of the stress-bruxism hypothesis.

Sex Differences in the Relationship between Machiavellianism and Self-Disclosure

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 715-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Domelsmith ◽  
James T. Dietch
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Willingness To Disclose ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Individual Achievement ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Existing Data

Previous research suggests that there should be a negative correlation between Machiavellianism (Mach) and willingness to reveal things about oneself. However, existing data are unclear and contradictory, especially regarding differences between males and females. College students (48 male, 77 female) completed measures of both Machiavellianism and self-disclosure, and the two sets of scores were correlated. As expected, Mach was significantly correlated with unwillingness to self-disclose among males. For the females, however, Mach was significantly correlated with willingness to disclose. The two correlations are significantly different. Culturally defined differences in the goals of men and women may account for the results. According to current stereotypes, men are oriented toward individual achievement, while die goals of women are more “social,” being popular, nurturant, skilled at getting along with others, etc. Women who accept these goals and who are willing to employ manipulative (Machiavellian) tactics to achieve them could use self-disclosure effectively, while it would be an ineffective strategy for men.

Sex Differences in Body-Weight Change following Gonadectomy of Rats

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan W. Kakolewski ◽  
Verne C. Cox ◽  
Elliot S. Valenstein
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Body Weight Change ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hypothalamic Damage

Data are presented to demonstrate that the effects of gonadectomy on body weight and food consumption differ in male and female rats. The findings are related to the authors' report of sex differences in the effects of ventromedial hypothalamic damage. A review of the literature on the relationship of the gonads to body weight in different species is presented.

Approval of Cross-Sex-Role Behavior

1974 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 643-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saul Feinman
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Partial Explanation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Role Behavior ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research has indicated that sex-role preferences of boys were more clearly masculine than girls' preferences were feminine. In order to provide a partial explanation of this phenomenon, the responses of 107 college students to descriptions of cross-sex-role behavior of young boys and girls were investigated. Ss rated 10 one-sentence descriptions of cross-sex-role behavior on an approval-disapproval dimension. Both male and female Ss indicated greater disapproval of cross-sex-role behavior of boys than of girls. The relationship of these findings to previous research was discussed.

Sex Differences and their Effect upon Cultural Evaluations of Methods of Self-Destruction

1977 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Marks
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Suicide Methods ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
The Relationship

A sample of 694 college students was used to test for differences in preferences for particular methods of self-destruction for men and women. Significant differences were found for six of nine methods. Cultural evaluations of suicide methods, particularly firearms and drugs-poison, varied by sex and suicide. Women associated painlessness and efficiency with drugs-poison; men associated masculinity, efficiency and being knowledgeable of the method with firearms. These findings support previous theorizing on the relationship between sex, sociocultural patterns and methods of self-destruction. Implications for clinical evaluations of female attempters regarding their intent to suicide may be underestimated if females report they are considering drugs-poison.

Observational Learning and Sex Roles in Learned Helplessness

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence J. Breen ◽  
Brent Vulcano ◽  
Dennis G. Dyck
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Observational Learning ◽  
Learned Helplessness ◽  
Sex Roles ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Learning Condition ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Male And Female

College students (both male and female) were exposed to insoluble, soluble, no discrimination problems and an observational learning condition. Following pretreatment the subjects were given 20 soluble anagrams. Subsequent to this they were asked to make attributional ratings for their success or failure. It was hypothesized that (a) subjects not given a helplessness pretreatment but merely viewing a similar other receiving insoluble problems would exhibit learned helplessness more than corresponding subjects given soluble problems or no pretreatment and (b) females exposed to the helplessness pretreatment would make internal attributions for failure more than males. The first hypothesis was supported, but not the second hypothesis. The present study did yield data which suggest value in pursuing the issue of sex differences in learned helplessness.

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