BEHAVIORAL IMPLICATIONS OF ADAPTION INNOVATION: I. MANAGERIAL EFFECTIVENESS AS A FUNCTION OF SEX DIFFERENCES IN ADAPTION-INNOVATION

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas F. Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Management Style ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Managerial Effectiveness ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Managers ◽  
The Relationship

Three studies investigated the relationship between effective management and the positions of male and female managers on Kirton's cognitive style dimension of adaption (doing things better) vs. innovation (doing things differently). Both sexes equated innovation with effective male management and adaption with effective female management. The role in management style of characteristic sex-specific differences in adaption-innovation is discussed.

scholarly journals Influence of Management Style on Conflict Resolution Effectiveness in Work Organizations in South-Western Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Dayo Idowu Akintayo
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Management Style ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Work Organizations ◽  
Bargaining Process ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Managers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Industrial Conflict

This study investigated the influence of management style on conflict resolution effectiveness in work organizations in South-Western Nigeria. This was for the purpose of ascertaining the relative impact of managerial strategy on conflict resolution effectiveness towards ensuring sustainable industrial peace and harmony in Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. A total of 211 respondents were selected for the study using purposive sampling technique. A set of questionnaire was utilized for data collection.  A set of questionnaire titled ‘Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory’ (ROCI) developed by Conrad (1991) was adopted for the study. The four generated hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and t-test statistical methods. The findings of the study revealed that: A significant relationship exists between management style and conflict resolution effectiveness (r = 0.356; P < 0.05). I t was also found that there was no significant difference between male and female managers’ conflict management style (t (209) = 17.56; P > 0.05).The finding reveals that a significant difference exists between female and male managers’ conflict resolution effectiveness (t (209) = 5.66; P < 0.05). Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that democratic management style be encouraged as conflict resolution strategy in order to guarantee effective management of industrial conflict and sustainable peace and harmony. Also, both male and female managers should avoid the use of autocratic management style in the course of managing industrial conflict.  Rather, participatory management style should be employed during collective bargaining process in order to foster effective management of conflict in work organizations.

Sex Differences in Body-Weight Change following Gonadectomy of Rats

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan W. Kakolewski ◽  
Verne C. Cox ◽  
Elliot S. Valenstein
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Body Weight Change ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hypothalamic Damage

Data are presented to demonstrate that the effects of gonadectomy on body weight and food consumption differ in male and female rats. The findings are related to the authors' report of sex differences in the effects of ventromedial hypothalamic damage. A review of the literature on the relationship of the gonads to body weight in different species is presented.

THE INFLUENCE OF FEMINIST SELF-DEFINITION ON THE DEMOCRATIC ATTITUDES OF MANAGERS

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 607-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayala Malach Pines ◽  
Henriette Dahan-Kalev ◽  
Sigalit Ronen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Management Style ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Democratic Leadership ◽  
Female Managers ◽  
Democratic Attitudes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Better Than

The only consistent gender difference in management style reported in the literature is the more democratic style of women. Democratic leadership is a cornerstone of the feminist approach. The current exploratory study attempted to differentiate between the effect of feminist self-definition and gender in explaining differences in democratic attitudes of managers. Israeli male (43) and female (28) managers were questioned about their managerial attitudes and whether they are feminist or non-feminist. Results suggest that a surprisingly high number of both male and female managers defined themselves as feminist. Furthermore, feminist selfdefinition was found to explain several democratic managerial attitudes better than gender.

The Fear of Death, Sex and Androgyny: A Brief Note

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Attitudes Toward Death ◽  
The Relationship

The fear of death (and other attitudes toward death) were explored in male and female students, together with masculinity/femininity scores as a covariate. Both sex and masculinity/femininity scores had little relationship with attitudes toward death. Furthermore, masculinity/femininity scores did not account for the sex differences observed, and sex did not account for the relationship between masculinity/femininity scores and attitudes toward death.

Brief-Report: Sex Differences in the Mathematics Achievement of Eighth Graders in Ontario

1986 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-237
Author(s):  
Gila Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Mathematics Achievement ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Eighth Graders ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Total Test

In the past two decades researchers have shown considerable interest in the relationship between the sex and the mathematics achievement of children in the upper grades of elementary school. Some researchers have examined sex differences by comparing total test scores (Backman, 1972; Benbow & Stanley, 1980, 1983; Maccoby & Jacklin, 1974), whereas others have focused on the proportion of students who answered a particular item correctly (Armstrong, 1980; Fennema, 1978; Raphael, Wahlstrom, & Mclean, 1984). In a recent study by Marshall (1983) the analysis is based on a comparison of the kinds of errors made by male and female students.

Perception of College Students' Motives for Shoplifting

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 855-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Castellano B. Turner ◽  
Sheldon Cashdan
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Third ◽  
Motivational Patterns ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Frequent Reason ◽  
Diffusion Of Responsibility

Motivational patterns for shoplifting among college students were assessed using a projective questionnaire. Of the various motives offered for shoplifting, “poverty” and “self-indulgence” were the most prevalent. The third most frequent reason given was some variant of “fun” or “thrill,” indicating that some shoplifters may engage in this form of larceny for pleasure and excitement. A number of respondents indicated that revenge or diffusion of responsibility also play a significant role. The relationship between the shoplifter and the company from which one steals may be an important element in shoplifting. Finally, sex differences were explored among respondents. Of the different shoplifting categories studied, the only difference that emerged was within “self-indulgence.” Although this finding needs to be interpreted with caution because the number of comparisons undertaken were large, there may be motivational differences between male and female shoplifters.

Sex-of-Rater Bias in Clinical Diagnosis of Organic Brain Damage Using the Bender-Gestalt and Memory-for-Designs Tests

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Wohlford ◽  
Grad L. Flick
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Psychologists ◽  
Rater Bias ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Organic Brain ◽  
Source Of Error

Although there are many reported sex differences in cognitive style, there has been no examination of the sex of the rater as a possible source of error in the clinical diagnosis of organic brain damage. In the present study, 4 male and 4 female Ph.D. clinical psychologists (Raters) judged the unidentified Bender-Gestalt and Memory-for-Designs protocols of 15 male and 15 female neuropsychiatric patient- Ss. Judgments of both male and female Raters correlated highly with objective scoring of the same protocols. However, the females found significantly more organicity than the males. The relative agreements of ratings of both tests with a medical criterion of organicity are discussed in terms of the two currently opposing schools of thought.

Divergent Amygdala Volume Asymmetries for Male and Female Youth With High Versus Low Callous-Unemotional Traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 1419-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shichun Ling ◽  
Adrian Raine ◽  
Rebecca E. Waller ◽  
Kosha Ruparel ◽  
James Loughead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cu Traits ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Callous Unemotional Traits ◽  
Amygdala Volume ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Brain Imaging Study

Although callous-unemotional (CU) traits have been associated with amygdala hypoactivity, it is unclear whether such traits are associated with amygdala structure. This study examines the relationship between amygdala structure and CU traits and considers sex differences in hemisphere-related asymmetries in this relationship. In this brain imaging study of children ( n = 272), a significant sex × hemisphere × CU traits interaction was observed. Females with high CU traits and males with low CU exhibited a rightward exaggerated amygdala volume asymmetry, whereas females with low CU traits and males with high CU traits did not. Findings may reflect sex-related influences related to CU traits and amygdala volume and are broadly consistent with a neurodevelopment perspective on psychopathic-like traits in children.

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