Child Molestation, Rape, and Ethnicity

1994 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 1326-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
John West ◽  
Donald I. Templer
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Child Molesters ◽  
Child Molestation ◽  
Disproportionate Number

Of 206 convicted sex offenders in a men's prison a disproportionate number of child molesters were white and a disproportionate number of rapists were black. Of the 758 inmates in general, a disproportionate number of both child molesters and rapists were white ( n = 171 vs 35 black men).

scholarly journals A Dynamic Risk Factors–Based Typology of Sexual Offenders

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (14) ◽  
pp. 1623-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Martínez-Catena ◽  
Santiago Redondo ◽  
Nina Frerich ◽  
Anthony R. Beech
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Child Molesters ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
Dynamic Risk Factors ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Criminogenic Needs ◽  
The One

The purpose of this article was to develop an Spanish psychometric typology of sexual offenders taking into account dynamic risk factors. The sample comprised 94 sex offenders imprisoned in Spain (52 rapists and 42 child molesters). The analysis yielded two different offender categories based on the subjects’ criminogenic needs level (high and low). The results also showed that social desirability has a strong influence on the developed typologies, whereas the offence type, sociodemographic characteristics, and criminal history do not. A dynamic risk factors typology, such as the one proposed here, could help criminal and correctional facilities to fulfill their remit. It could also be useful for linking treatment intensity to offenders’ criminogenic needs, as well as providing a platform for recidivism risk assessments.

Sexual Abuse Within Employment Settings: A Comparison of Work-Related, Intra- and Extra-Familial Child Molesters

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 524-542
Author(s):  
Diana M. Falkenbach ◽  
Antonia Foehse ◽  
Elizabeth Jeglic ◽  
Cynthia Calkins ◽  
Linsey Raymaekers
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Child Molesters ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Victim Selection ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a serious problem not only in the community but also in institutional settings such as youth-serving organizations, churches, and schools. Although research has started to examine the problem of abuse in institutional settings, there remains a dearth of information about the nature and context of CSA in different employment settings, including those that do not specifically cater to children. In addition, research on the similarities and differences between perpetrators who work with children and other sex offenders is scarce. As such, the present study compared offenders on variables relating to financial/employment lifestyle stability, risk/dangerousness level, abuse opportunity, and victim selection. Data revealed that child abusers who worked with children tended to be better educated, were less likely to be married, had fewer nonsexual convictions, and were more likely to abuse male post-pubescent children compared with intra- and extra-familial offenders who did not work with children. Implications for future research, prevention of CSA, and clinical practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Adolescent et agresseur sexuel : bilan d’une recherche

Criminologie ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Dozois
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Child Molesters ◽  
The United States ◽  
Juvenile Sex Offenders ◽  
Criminal Career ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Social Maladjustment

The purpose of this research project was to gain a better knowledge of juvenile sex offenders in the Montreal area. Do they present differences or similarities with other subjects from studies made in the United States? Can we improve our assessment techniques to better differentiate those who should be treated in a closed setting from those who could benefit from a follow-up in the community? And how does our juvenile justice system deal with this type of offender? In order to find answers to these issues, ten (10) in-depth interviews with personality measures were conducted with juveniles who admitted (or were convicted of) sexual abuse. Moreover, a study of fifty (50) files from the Social Services relating to the same kind of behavior was done in the Montreal area. Our results are similar to other studies made elsewhere : those who where convicted of rape or child molesting committed their first (official) offense at a mean age of 14.5 years and 60 % of their victims were females of an average age of 9. For 38 % of our sample, the sexual offense is part of an heterogenous criminal career. Our personnality measures failed to differentiate between child molesters and rapists. However, on the Jesness Inventory, our ten subjects had high scores on the SM (Social Maladjustment) scale, and on AI (Asocial Index). One other significant finding was that the personnel involved with assessment and treatment of juvenile sex offenders had to get a better knowledge of the dynamics involved with such offenses to record basic information (victim's age, the exact nature of the behavior and the type of violence involved) and recommend appropriate treatment.

Kia Marama: A Cognitive-Behavioural Program for Incarcerated Child Molesters

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Hudson ◽  
William L. Marshall ◽  
Tony Ward ◽  
Peter W. Johnston ◽  
Robin L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Relapse Prevention ◽  
Child Molesters ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Behavioural Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tentative Evidence ◽  
Distorted Cognitions

A comprehensive cognitive-behavioural treatment program for incarcerated child molesters is described. This program operates within Kia Marama, a medium-security unit for sex offenders in the New Zealand prison system. It lasts 32 weeks and includes a four-week assessment process both before and after the 24 weeks of intensive treatment. Treatment covers a variety of issues including distorted cognitions, sexual issues, victim empathy, social skills, problem solving, life skills, stress management, and relapse-prevention training. In addition, when offenders are released they are supervised by professionals trained in relapse-prevention procedures. As this program began in late 1989, it is too early to properly estimate its success, but similar programs in North America have produced promising outcome data, and what tentative evidence we have to date suggests that the program is valuable.

scholarly journals Cognitive Distortions and Moral Disengagement in Sex Offenders: A Study in Order to Develop a Possible Treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-19
Author(s):  
I. Petruccelli ◽  
◽  
G. D’ Urso ◽  
A. Gherardini ◽  
S. Grilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Cognitive Distortions ◽  
Child Molesters ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cognitive Distortion ◽  
Moral Justification ◽  
Attribution Of Blame

Objective: The literature on sexual offenders (SOs) has considered cognitive distortions, defence mechanisms and moral disengagement mechanisms as risk factors in the individual history. Recent literature focuses on how both the concepts of moral disengagement (Bandura et al. 1996) and self-serving cognitive distortions (Barriga and Gibbs 1996) constitute a group of cognitive processes. These processes help to cognitively overcome dissonance between personal moral standards and behavioral transgressions, facilitating violent or, in general, wrong acts (Ribeaud and Eisner 2010). This pilot study investigates moral disengagement mechanisms and cognitive distortions in detained male SO to make treatment effective, taking into account the link between these two constructs. Design and Method: The study sample consisted of 101 males detained in some Italian prisons. Participants were administered a Socio-demographic Data Grid, the Moral Disengagement Scale, the Vindictive Rape Attitudes Questionnaire and the Hanson Supportive Attitudes Questionnaire. Results: Moral disengagement presents a significant correlation with all aspects of examined cognitive distortions (CD) [CD (child): r=.336, p<.01; CD “Sex Kids: r= .278, p<.01; CD “Sexual Entitlement”: r= .375, p<.01; CD (rapist): r= .299, p<.01]. Child molesters’ cognitive distortions are correlated with displacement of responsibility [r= .381; p<.01] and distortion of consequences [r= .278; p<.01]. Cognitive distortions about “sexual entitlement” are correlated with moral justification (r= .284; p<.01), attribution of blame [r= .304; p<.01], euphemistic labeling [r= .274; p<.01], displacement of responsibility (r= .418; p<.01) and distortions of consequences [r= .273; p<.01]. Rapist cognitive distortions present significant correlations with attribution of blame [r= .348; p<.01] and displacement of responsibility [r= .265; p<.01]. Cognitive Distortions, measured by “Sex Kids” subscale, present a moderate correlation with moral justification [r= .222; p<.05], displacement of responsibility [r= .234; p<.05] and distortion of consequences [r= .242; p<.05]. Conclusions: Our results suggest that moral disengagement and self-serving cognitive distortions often are present in the very same cognitive processes and that these processes tend to influence sex offenders’ behaviour (Ribeaud and Eisner, 2010). The correlation between child molester cognitive distortion and Displacement of Responsibility might be explained by an immaturity of the subject and the relative difficulty in relating to an adult preferring contact with child. The correlations between cognitive distortions rapist and Attribution of Blame and Displacement of Responsibility (MDM) could be referred to the offender’s idea that some aspects of the victim (Ex. Being too provocative) justify his violent behaviour against him/her. This study could be interesting to organize specific guidelines for treatment of the offenders and especially for the relapse prevention.

Do Sex Offenders Have Higher Levels of Testosterone? Results From a Meta-Analysis

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. Wong ◽  
Jason Gravel
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Child Molesters ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Fixed And Random Effects ◽  
Analysis Models ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the current study is to review the available scientific evidence on the relationship between testosterone and sexual aggression. A systematic search for all primary studies comparing basal testosterone levels in sex offenders and non-sex offenders was undertaken across 20 electronic databases using an explicit search strategy and inclusion/exclusion criteria. A total of seven studies were identified and 11 effect sizes were computed; effects were pooled using both fixed and random effects meta-analysis models. Although individual study findings present a mix of results wherein sex offenders have higher or lower baseline levels of testosterone than non-sex offenders, pooled results indicate no overall difference between groups. Moderators of the analyses suggest possibly lower rates of testosterone in child molesters than controls; however, results are dependent on study weighting. Limitations, policy implications with respect to chemical castration laws, and future directions for research are discussed.

Denigration of a Victim in Individual Psychotherapy by Violent vs Seductive Child Molesters

1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1276-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Eisenman
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Group Psychotherapy ◽  
Child Molesters ◽  
Individual Psychotherapy

20 child molesters, 10 classified as violent and 10 as seductive, were studied in individual psychotherapy, with their therapists responding to a checklist indicating clients' use of victim-denigrating statements. The violent child molesters were significantly more likely to make statements denigrating their victims than were the child molesters classified as seductive. The results expand the 1993 findings of Eisenman who observed this phenomenon with sex offenders during group psychotherapy. Theoretical and treatment implications are discussed.

The Relationships of Perpetrator and Victim Substance Use to the Sexual Aggression of Rapists and Child Molesters

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayla R. Hamdi ◽  
Raymond A. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Child Molesters ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Child Molestation ◽  
Sexual Crimes ◽  
Research Assistants

Objective: This study investigated substance use in rape and child molestation. We hypothesized that perpetrator substance use would be associated with a greater increase in rapists’ aggression in sexual crimes compared with that of child molesters. We also predicted that victim substance use would be negatively related to both rapists and child molesters’ aggression in sexual crimes. Method: The sample included 245 male rapists and 273 male child molesters who had been evaluated at the Massachusetts Treatment Center (MTC) between 1959 and 1991 for potential civil commitment. Data were obtained from offenders’ archival records and were coded by trained research assistants on perpetrator and victim substance use and perpetrator aggression in sexual crimes. Results: Analyses showed that the magnitude of the positive association between perpetrator alcohol use and aggression in sexual crimes did not differ between rapists and child molesters. In contrast, perpetrator drug use was associated with increased aggression among child molesters only. Victim substance use was related to increased aggression among rapists only. Conclusions: The results indicate that victim substance use and perpetrator drug use, but not perpetrator alcohol use, are differentially related to the aggression of rapists and child molesters in sexual crimes. Those findings imply that substance use may play different roles depending on offender type.

scholarly journals Non-intimate Relationships and Psychopathic Interpersonal and Affective Deficits as Risk Factors for Criminal Career: A Comparison Between Sex Offenders and Other Offenders

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Ferretti ◽  
Andrea Pozza ◽  
Fulvio Carabellese ◽  
Adriano Schimmenti ◽  
Gianluca Santoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Child Molesters ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Criminal Career ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Sexual Crime ◽  
Affective Deficits

Sex-offenders are at risk of criminal recidivism. For the treatment to be truly effective, it must be individualized. For this purpose, an accurate assessment should focus on criminological, psychological, and psychopathological features. The present study compared sex offenders with other offenders on historical experiences (i.e., problems with violence, anti-social behaviors, problems with personal relationships, problems with substance use, traumatic experiences, and parenting style). In addition, given the association between life events and psychopathy, we explored whether the relation between life events and crime type (sexual crime vs. other types of crime) might be moderated by psychopathy traits (interpersonal and affective deficits and antisocial behavior). Eighty-eight sex offenders (76% of whom child molesters) and 102 other offenders were included. The Historical, Clinical and Risk Management - 20 item Version 3 (HCR-20V3) and Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) were administered. The scores of the HCR-20V3 Historical scale items were computed to assess life events. The scores of the PCL-R factors, F1 Interpersonal affective deficits and F2 Antisocial behavior, were recorded. The presence of a history of problems with non-intimate relationships was the only significant risk factor for sexual crime compared with other crimes. Interpersonal and affective deficits provided an increased likelihood of being sex offenders as compared with other offenders when problems with non-intimate relationships were possibly/partially or certainly present.

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