Sexual Assault and Body Esteem

1997 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Kulkoski ◽  
Catherine Kilian
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Body Esteem ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sexual Activities ◽  
Body Attitude ◽  
Sexually Assaulted ◽  
One Year ◽  
Individual Body

Past studies indicate that sexual assault is negatively associated with victims' general self-esteem, but little is known about how the experience affects body esteem. We hypothesized that sexual assault would have a long-term negative association with measures of both general self-esteem and body esteem. Participants were 76 women, ages 18 to 45 years, 13 of whom had been sexually assaulted at least one year previously. Analysis supported the hypothesis that the sexually assaulted women scored lower than nonassaulted women on Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale but not on the Body Esteem Scale. When individual body-attitude items were analyzed, the assaulted women's negative ratings of sexual activities fell just short of significance, so further and longitudinal study of a larger group is needed.

Predicting College Women’s Body-Esteem and Self-Esteem Based on Rape Experience, Recency, and Labeling

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 838-850
Author(s):  
Suzanne L. Osman ◽  
Carolyne Paige Merwin
Keyword(s):  
Body Esteem ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Sexual Experiences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Undergraduate Women

We examined body-esteem and self-esteem based on rape experience, rape labeling status (yes; no) and recency of rape (recently, within past year; earlier, between age 14 and the past year). Undergraduate women ( n = 1,005) completed the Body-Esteem Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Sexual Experiences Survey. Women raped within the past year (recently) reported lower levels of both body-esteem and self-esteem than those raped over a year ago (earlier) and nonvictims, but women raped earlier did not differ from nonvictims. Rape labeling status was not significant. Findings identify lower body-esteem, in addition to lower self-esteem, as correlates of recent rape.

The effects of sexual assault on men: a survey of 22 victims

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Mezey ◽  
Michael King
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Sexually Assaulted

SynopsisTwenty-two men, who had been forcibly sexually assaulted, participated in a study to determine the circumstances of the attacks and the effects on the victims. The immediate and long-term responses were very similar to those described in female victims of rape.

EXPRESS: Spectroscopic and Spectrometric Approaches for Assessing the Composition of Embedded Metals in Tissues

2020 ◽  
pp. 000370282097974
Author(s):  
Diane Smith ◽  
Todor Todorov ◽  
Adrian Defante ◽  
Jessica Hoffman ◽  
John Kalinich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Robust Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
One Year

Many medical devices contain metals that interface with the body. Additionally, embedded metal fragments from military wounds are typically not removed, to avoid the risk of morbidity associated with invasive surgery. The long-term health consequences of many of these materials are not thoroughly understood. To this end, we have exposed rats for up to one year to implanted single-element metal pellets of any one of Al, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Ta, or W. Various tissues were harvested and flash frozen for analysis of their metal distribution. We discuss approaches to most thoroughly and reliably evaluate the distribution of metal in these tissues. The path to the most appropriate analytical technique took us through extensive examination of the tissues using Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plamsa Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Though any one of these methods is highly relied upon in surface chemistry analysis, LA-ICP-MS alone showed presence of metal in the tissue. This information will help build robust methods to bridge the gap in our understanding of biosolubility and distribution of embedded metal throughout the body.

Missing Data in Long-term Follow-up of Patients with Eating Disorders Using the Body Attitude Test

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candida Geerdens ◽  
Johan Vanderlinden ◽  
Guido Pieters ◽  
Amber De Herdt ◽  
Michel Probst
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Missing Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Attitude ◽  
Attitude Test ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Body Attitude Test

Relation between Body-Esteem and Self-Esteem of Obese and Normal Children

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 899-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverley Katz Mendelson ◽  
Donna Romano White
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Body Esteem ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Normal Children

36 elementary school children (20 subjects were below and 16 subjects above 15% overweight) completed a self-esteem and body-esteem questionnaire. The Body-esteem Scale was reliable and suitable for children as young as 7 yr. Body-esteem shared a significant amount of variance with self-esteem and percentage overweight. Although body-esteem and relative weight were correlated, self-esteem and relative weight were not significantly related. Furthermore, body-esteem and self-esteem were not differentially related for 20 normals versus 16 obese children in this sample.

scholarly journals Effects of Nearby Construction Work on the Behavior of Asiatic Lions (Panthera leo persica)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Leah J. Williams ◽  
Katherine Finch ◽  
Rose Agnew ◽  
Lisa Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Negative Stimulus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Panthera Leo ◽  
Construction Work ◽  
Construction Period ◽  
High Standards ◽  
One Year

In order to be successful and have high standards of animal welfare, modern zoos strive to regularly modify, improve, and build animal enclosures and visitor areas. However, these periods of development could result in temporary durations of sub-optimal welfare for animals housed nearby. In this study, we monitored the behavior of three Asiatic lions (Panthera leo persica) prior to, during, and following a period of construction on a nearby building. Our results provide evidence that welfare may have been temporarily reduced during the construction period. Compared to the pre-construction period, the male exhibited an increase in pacing behavior and all three lions reduced the time they spent resting. We infer that the most significant negative stimulus related to the construction was sound and/or ground vibrations, as a physical barrier ruled out stress from visual stimuli. The behavioral response to the construction work was relatively short-lived and no long-term changes were observed one year on. This research highlights the importance of measuring animal behavior around events outside routine husbandry, and considering animal welfare on an individual basis. Finally, this work adds to the body of literature surrounding the impacts of construction on animal wellbeing and outlines some suggestions for potential mitigation.

Large group size yields group stability in the cooperatively breeding cichlid Neolamprologus pulcher

Behaviour ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 142 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1615-1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Taborsky ◽  
Lyanne Brouwer ◽  
Dik Heg ◽  
Zina Bachar
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Size ◽  
Neolamprologus Pulcher ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Cooperatively Breeding ◽  
Group Members ◽  
One Year ◽  
Large Groups

AbstractGroup size has been shown to positively influence survival of group members in many cooperatively breeding vertebrates, including the Lake Tanganyika cichlid Neolamprologus pulcher, suggesting Allee effects. However, long-term data are scarce to test how these survival differences translate into changes in group extinction risk, group size and composition. We show in a field study of 117 groups from six different colonies (three from two populations each), that group size critically influences these parameters between years. Within one year, 34% of the groups went extinct. Group size correlated positively between years and large groups did not go extinct. The latter were more likely to contain small helpers the subsequent year, which is a cumulative measure of the previous months' reproductive success. Finally, there was a tendency that large groups were more likely to contain a breeding male and female still a year after the first check. The breeder male size, breeder female size, and largest helper size did not influence these parameters, and also did not correlate with the sizes of these categories of fish after one year. This suggests that group size, and not the body size or fighting ability of group members, was the critical variable determining the success of groups. In total, seven groups had fused with other groups between years. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing long-term benefits of large group size in a cooperatively breeding fish. We discuss the importance of differential survival and dispersal of group members for the demonstrated group size effects.

Efficacy of Pins and Diplomas as a Reward for Long-Term Smoking Cessation

2009 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Munarini ◽  
Cinzia De Marco ◽  
Edoardo Rossetti ◽  
Giovanni Invernizzi ◽  
Ario A Ruprecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Patient Relationship ◽  
Multiple Choice Questionnaire ◽  
Smoking Withdrawal ◽  
One Year ◽  
Diploma Program ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Official Recognition

Aims and background Since 2004, the Antismoking Center of the National Cancer Institute of Milan has rewarded those who have been ex-smokers for longer than a year with a “former smoker” pin and a diploma. We investigated firstly whether these rewards contributed to maintain smoking withdrawal, secondly, which one of these was more appreciated and why, and thirdly, how they may have influenced the ex-smokers' perception of smoking and how this was reflected on those surrounding them (i.e., ex-smokers' personal and/or interpersonal areas). Methods A multiple-choice questionnaire was developed to investigate how much the rewards were appreciated and their effectiveness in maintaining smoking cessation. Moreover, smokers and non-smokers were asked about the impact of the pin. The questionnaire was completed on the phone by the last 100 ex-smokers who entered the pin and diploma program. Results All subjects appreciated the rewards, but only a few of them considered them as an aid to maintain long-term smoking cessation. Those who preferred the diploma stated that it represented a contribution to their self-esteem, an official recognition of being an ex-smoker, besides being something to show with pride to others. Those who preferred the pin principally stated it allowed them to be an example to other smokers. Most of the subjects reported that they wore the pin in several circumstances, raising interest and admiration. Conclusions Rewarding ex-smokers one year after smoking cessation with a small prize may be a useful practice to improve the doctor-patient relationship, which is vital to maintain smoking cessation, and to boost the awareness of the availability of aids to reach this objective.

Introduction

Vital Bodies ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Charlotte Bates
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Mental Health Condition ◽  
Sociological Perspective ◽  
Health And Illness ◽  
One Year

This book is the story of twelve people, each living with illness. Based on ethnographic research conducted over one year, it unfolds everyday experiences of living with a long term physical or mental health condition. In doing so, the book offers an innovative account of the body, health and illness in everyday life told from a sociological perspective.

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