Exposure to Community Violence and Trauma Symptoms in Late Adolescence: Comparison of a College Sample and a Noncollege Community Sample

2001 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Spenciner Rosenthal ◽  
E. Miles Hutton
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
African American Adolescents ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Exposure To Community Violence ◽  
Relationship Of

This paper presents a comparison for two samples (college and noncollege) of older, urban African-American adolescents of correlations between two measures of exposure to community violence (victim and witness) and four types of psychological trauma symptoms (anger, anxiety, depression, and dissociation). The central issue is the generalizability of previous findings about these relationships obtained from beginning college students of traditional age. The two samples did not differ in the magnitude of either the zero-order correlations or the multiple correlations between the two types of exposure to community violence and the four types of symptoms of trauma. The conclusion is that findings regarding the relationship of exposure to community violence with psychological symptoms of trauma obtained from college students may tentatively be generalized to older adolescents who are not in college.

scholarly journals Violence, Coping, and Mental Health in a Community Sample of Adolescents

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Flannery ◽  
Mark I. Singer ◽  
Kelly L. Wester
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Public High Schools ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
Maladaptive Coping

The current study examined the coping strategies, exposure to violence and psychological trauma symptoms of violent adolescents compared to less violent and nonviolent adolescents in a community sample. An anonymous self-report questionnaire was administered to students in six public high schools (grades 9–12). The 10% most violent adolescents were identified and compared to their less violent and nonviolent peers. A total of 3724 students represented 68% of adolescents in all targeted schools. Ages ranged from 14 to 19 years; 52% were female; and 35% were African-American, 34% Caucasian and 23% Hispanic. Analyses revealed that violent adolescents compared to their less violent and nonviolent peers employed more maladaptive coping strategies, were exposed to higher levels of violence and reported higher clinical levels of psychological trauma symptoms. Maladaptive coping was also significantly associated with psychological trauma symptoms and violent behavior, even after controlling for the influence of demographic factors. The findings support the importance of appropriate identification, assessment and referral services for adolescents in nonclinical settings, and the role that coping strategies play in contributing to adolescent mental health and well-being.

Test Anxiety and the Economic Recession

1976 ◽  
Vol 38 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1211-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arline L. Bronzaft ◽  
Stephen B. Dobrow
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Public College ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

The impact of the present economic recession on college students' attitudes toward school and the relationship of these reactions to test-anxiety scores was investigated for two samples of college students, 142 attending a public college and 144 a private college. As hypothesized, students who reported that economic crisis resulted in increased desire to do well in school had higher facilitating and lower debilitating test-anxiety scores than those students who stated that economic recession caused them to worry more about rising educational costs and future job opportunities. Differences between findings for the private and public college were discussed.

The Relationship Between Exposure to Community Violence and Psychological Distress Among Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Cody Wilson ◽  
Beth Spenciner Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Exposure To Community Violence ◽  
The Relationship

This article is concerned with the “size of the relationship” between exposure to chronic community violence and psychological symptoms among adolescents. It analyzes all relevant empirical studies in the published literature during the last 20 years; uses quantitative methods to summarize findings; and estimates the effect size using meta-analysis. The 37 independent samples (n = 17,322) were coded on 19 categories, including size and characteristics of sample, and characteristics of the independent and dependent variables. Findings indicate that there is a positive correlation between exposure to community violence and psychological distress; and that the effect size (r = .25) of this relationship is low-medium. The estimated effect size of the relationship points to new issues such as the characteristics of the psychosocial dynamics of resilience in the face of exposure to community violence and how exposure to community violence interacts with other potentially traumatic experiences in the producing of psychological distress.

The Relationship Between Violence Exposure and Academic Achievement in African American Adolescents Is Moderated by Emotion Regulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinetra L. King ◽  
Sylvie Mrug
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
African American ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Low Income ◽  
African American Adolescents ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Exposure To Community Violence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Compared with other ethnic groups, African American adolescents are exposed to higher levels of family and community violence, which contribute to poorer academic achievement. This study examines whether emotion regulation moderates the effects of exposure to family and community violence on academic achievement among low-income African American adolescents. Eighty African American adolescents ([Formula: see text] age 12.89 years, 50% male) reported on their exposure to violence. Emotion regulation was obtained from parent reports and academic achievement was assessed with grades in core academic subjects at baseline and 2 years later. Results revealed that witnessing home violence predicted poorer achievement over time, as did exposure to community violence for youth with poor emotion regulation. Thus, well-developed emotion regulation skills may protect African American adolescents from the negative effects of witnessing community violence on academic achievement.

Relationship of Self-Compassion, Hope, and Emotional Control to Perceived Burdensomeness, Thwarted Belongingness, and Suicidal Ideation

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Laura R. Umphrey ◽  
John C. Sherblom ◽  
Paulina Swiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Thwarted Belongingness ◽  
Perceived Burdensomeness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract. Background: Cultivating positive feelings of self in relationships with others can affect perceptions of belongingness and burdensomeness. Aims: The present study examines the relationships of self-compassion, hope, and emotional control to thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and suicidal ideation. Method: Participants were 481 college students who completed scales measuring self-compassion, hope, emotional control, thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and suicidal ideation. Results: Correlation and parallel mediation analysis results show relationships between self-compassion, hope, and emotional control with perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and suicidal ideation. Limitations: The study is limited by its cross-sectional design, sample demographics, and inability to distinguish between individuals with suicidal ideation and those who attempt suicide. Conclusion: The results show that the relationships of self-compassion, hope, and emotional control to perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and suicidal ideation are worth further investigation.

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