Factor Structure of Organizational Commitment: Differences between U.S. and South Korean Samples

2005 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Ann Lee ◽  
Chulguen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Affective Component ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The U.S

The current study compared the factor structures of the construct of organizational commitment between two samples of financial employees, one from the U.S. ( n = 103) and one from South Korea ( n = 109). Participants completed a 26-item questionnaire. Two factors (an affective component and a normative component) emerged for the U.S. sample; only one factor for the Koreans. Results suggest that culture should be considered when trying to assess organizational commitment.

Hazardous characteristics of dust waste from metal manufacturing industries in South Korea

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2199655
Author(s):  
Cheol-Woo Yoon ◽  
Young-Sam Yoon ◽  
Su-Yeon Hong ◽  
Tea-wan Jeon ◽  
Sun-Kyoung Shin
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Hazardous Waste Disposal ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Or Fires

The Ministry of Environment, South Korea, is involved in efforts to reduce safety-related accidents that could occur during hazardous waste disposal and minimise the environmental impacts of waste disposal. To reach such goals, new factors have been added that contribute to the hazardous characteristics of hazardous waste. The Ministry is also expanding regulations on inorganic and organic components present in hazardous waste for these factors and continues to correct the classification system to establish standards for waste components. Metallic dust, for example, is mostly generated during the operation of melting furnaces or precipitators and dangerous materials contained in this dust may cause accidents, such as explosions or fires. South Korean accident cases have confirmed that waste containing hazardous materials, such as Mg, Al and Mg–Al alloys, can cause such events. Therefore, this study analysed 28 dust samples collected from the dust accumulated in precipitators in 28 metal manufacturing facilities in South Korea. Nine samples were flammable and four samples were reactive to water. Two samples also exhibited leaching toxicities. The results applied to relevant laws in South Korea showed that the proportion of waste containing hazardous characteristics increased from 7.14% in the previous management category to 39.29% in the extended category, an overall increase of 32.15 percentage points.

Surveying views of metaphor vs. literal language in psychotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-291
Author(s):  
Dennis Tay
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Metaphorical Language ◽  
Client Resistance ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Presentation Sequence ◽  
Within Subjects

Abstract Five key therapeutic functions of metaphors are often discussed by psychotherapists. They (i) help clients express emotions and experiences, (ii) help therapists and clients explain difficult concepts, (iii) introduce new frames of reference, (iv) help work through client resistance, and (v) build a collaborative relationship between therapists and clients. Research on how these functions are enacted in psychotherapy talk tends to assume that they are indeed perceived as such by clients, and that metaphorical language is preferred to comparable literal language in performing them. This paper reports a survey study (N = 84) to critically interrogate these assumptions. Participants read two constructed therapy dialogues, controlled and counterbalanced for presentation sequence, where therapist and client discuss an issue using metaphorical and literal language respectively. Each dialogue is followed by a 15-item questionnaire to rate how well the presumed functions were performed (e.g. the therapist and client can work effectively together, the therapist is able to explain difficult concepts). A combined Confirmatory (CFA) and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) suggests that, instead of the five distinct functions proposed in the literature, participants discerned three functions which reflect a more holistic view of what metaphors can do. A second EFA conducted on literal responses yielded only two factors. This contrast in factor structure further suggests that (i) literal language is less functionally nuanced, and (ii) metaphors are not simply perceived as an ‘add-on’ to literal language, but are evaluated across an extended narrative in fundamentally different ways. Within-subjects metaphor vs. literal ratings of the items under the emergent three-factor structure were then compared. Metaphor ratings were significantly higher in all factors (p < 0.01), suggesting that metaphorical language is indeed perceived as more effective than literal language when discussing clients’ issues. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.

The Samsung–Apple patent war: Socio-cultural comparative study of news frames in a business conflict issue

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-65
Author(s):  
Wan-Soo Lee ◽  
Min-Kyu Lee ◽  
Seok Kang ◽  
Jae-Woong Yoo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Wall Street Journal ◽  
The United States ◽  
The South ◽  
Wall Street ◽  
News Frames ◽  
South Korean ◽  
The U.S

This study explored a comparative analysis of how the South Korean and United States media framed the Samsung–Apple patent lawsuit. The South Korean and U.S. media have a tendency to report Samsung–Apple patent disputes in a completely different angle. While framing in favor of Samsung was frequent in South Korea, neutral frames were dominant in the United States. The South Korean newspapers showed a stronger nationalism in favor of Samsung, whereas the U.S. newspapers portrayed the business conflict in the market logic. The South Korean and U.S. newspapers also showed differences in framing according to the ideological characteristics of the newspaper. In South Korea, the main conservative newspaper ( Chosun Ilbo) framed the issue in favor of Samsung and the largest liberal newspaper ( Hankyoreh) revealed a tendency to frame it in favor of Apple. However, in the United States, only the main business newspaper ( Wall Street Journal) favored Apple. This study contributes to news framing research in that socio-cultural divergences, framing pool (e.g., generic frames vs. issue-specific frames), and journalistic contexts considered systematically.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the three-component model of organizational commitment in South Korea

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-827
Author(s):  
Jungwon Ahn ◽  
Soonmook Lee
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Component Model ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Open Approach ◽  
Method Effect

Allen and Meyer's(1990) 3-component model of organizational commitment(OC) was investigated using exploratory structural equation modeling(ESEM) with samples of full-time social workers at social welfare organizations in South Korea. Confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) has been at the heart of testing factor structure of the 3-component model in organizational commitment research wherein each scale of the affective, continuance, and normative commitment is reported to measure conceptually and empirically separable construct. The present study applied ESEM, specifically ‘intra-scale’ and ‘inter-scale’ ESEM, to scrutinize factor structure of the 3-component scales. ESEM methodology uses exploratory approach in that all cross-loadings are estimated between each measure and factors, with uniqueness correlated according to the researcher's hypotheses as in CFA. In this respect, ESEM can be viewed as an open approach to item analysis distinguished from the conventional (closed) approach, such as EFA and CFA. This study provided detailed assessment of the 3-component model through comparisons of factor structures estimated by EFA, CFA and ‘intra’ ESEM, followed by the ‘inter’ ESEM conducted on all other variables(assumed to be similar constructs with or antecedents of OC). As a result, the ‘intra-scale’ ESEM showed a substantially better fit and yielded more discriminated factors(less correlated) than did EFA and CFA that are models for planned scale. The ‘inter-scale’ ESEM revealed how seriously method effect can distort an original factor structure in empirical data measured together with multiple scales of other constructs. Using ESEM has advantages of estimating common factor structures, controlling for common method effect that are typically included in measures in applied research. Also, it allows for much more possibilities that each item can measure multiple constructs so as to reveal more realistic factor structures. Taken together, the present results suggest a need to conceptualize and validate a new scale for organizational commitment reflecting Korean culture.

South Korea in 2004: Peninsular Flux

Asian Survey ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor D. Cha
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
Grand Strategy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Fundamental Change ◽  
Global War On Terror ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Global War ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The U.S

The variables presaging fundamental change on the Korean Peninsula are many. This assessment of South Korea seeks to lay out the political, economic, and military events of 2004 and their relationship to South Korean grand strategy. It also seeks to analyze the linkages between Seoul's grand strategy and the U.S.-led global war on terror.

Comparison of perceived employment barriers among low-income jobseekers in the United States and South Korea

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Young P Hong ◽  
In Han Song ◽  
Sangmi Choi ◽  
Jang Ho Park
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Workforce Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Employment Barriers ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Two Samples

The Perceived Employment Barrier Scale (PEBS) has been validated as a tool to assess low-income individuals’ level of employment barriers in the United States. Using samples from workforce development programs in the United States and South Korea, this study aims to examine the comparability of this measure and to compare score differences on the five factors of PEBS between the two samples. Evidence for cross-sample equivalence was found, indicating cross-national comparability. Furthermore, the South Korean sample perceived significantly higher on human capital barriers compared to the United States. Implications for workforce development practice and research in the United States and South Korea are discussed.

International Sports Commentary Frame and Entertainment: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Commentary Differences in World Series Broadcasts

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Wan Woo ◽  
Jung Kyu Kim ◽  
Cynthia Nichols ◽  
Lu Zheng
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Major League Baseball ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
South Korean ◽  
World Series ◽  
Sports Commentary ◽  
Boston Red Sox ◽  
The U.S

Numerous studies examining the portrayals of gender, race, and nationality in sports commentary have been conducted through the years; however, comparative analyses of commentaries from different countries have been rare. This study examined commentary from 3 different countries (the U.S., Chinese Taipei, and South Korea) during a Major League Baseball (MLB) World Series. An entertainment theory schema was adopted and the 3 countries were categorized based on dispositional relativity (affiliation) with MLB. Findings indicate that South Korean broadcasts, which had the lowest affiliation with MLB, were biased toward the Boston Red Sox and presented the most evaluative commentaries; U.S. commentaries were generally positive and contained the largest portion of informative comments; and Chinese commentaries were unbiased and also provided a large number of informative comments. This implies that sports games using the same visual images can be framed differently by commentators based on the disposition (affiliation) level of audiences.

South Korean Strategic Thinking toward North Korea: The Evolution of the Engagement Policy and Its Impact upon U.S.-ROK Relations

Asian Survey ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Yun Bae
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Strategic Thinking ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Korean Unification ◽  
The U.S

Despite agreements in 2007 in the Six-Party Talks, the U.S. and South Korea have had trouble reaching consensus in dealing with subsequent nuclear crises spawned by North Korea. This study focuses on South Korean strategic thinking about and policy toward North Korea and Korean unification, and their changes since the 1990s.

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