Volumetric Assessment of Airborne Indoor and Outdoor Fungi at Poultry and Cattle Houses in the Mazandaran Province, Iran

Volumetric Assessment of Airborne Indoor and Outdoor Fungi at Poultry and Cattle Houses in the Mazandaran Province, IranThe aim of this study was to assess the volume of airborne fungi in the indoor and outdoor environment of poultry and cattle houses in the Mazandaran Province in Iran. Indoor and outdoor air of twenty cattle houses and twenty-five poultry houses were sampled using a single-stage impactor, which draws air at 20 L min-1and impacts sampled material onto Petri plates containing malt extract agar. The plates were incubated at 30 °C for seven days, after which the resulting colonies were counted. The fungi were identified and counted microscopically and macroscopically. A total of 4,662 fungal colonies were isolated from 90 plates collected from indoor and outdoor air of cattle and poultry houses.Cladosporium(55.3 %), yeast (10.0 %), andAspergillus(9.4 %) were the most common findings. The concentration of airborne fungi in cattle and poultry houses ranged from 10 CFU m-3to 1700 CFU m-3in indoor and 10 CFU m-3to 2170 CFU m-3in outdoor environments.Cladosporiumhad the highest mean indoor (424.5 CFU m-3) and outdoor (449.7 CFU m-3) air concentration in the cattle houses. In the poultry houses, the highest mean concentrations were measured forCladosporium(551.0 CFU m-3) outdoors and yeast (440.7 CFU m-3) indoors. These levels might present an occupational risk, but threshold levels for these environments have yet to be established worldwide.

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Qualitative Analysis of Indoor and Outdoor Airborne Fungi in Cowshed

Journal of Mycology ◽

10.1155/2014/985921 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

R. Pavan ◽

K. Manjunath

Keyword(s):

Fungal Spores ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Airborne Fungi ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Outdoor Environment ◽

Malt Extract ◽

Human Beings ◽

Outdoor Area ◽

Monthly Incidence ◽

Indoor And Outdoor

Air pollution is one of the most serious problems to human health. Fungi are the causal agents for different diseases in animals, plants, and human beings. Otomycosis, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, allergy, and systemic mycosis are among the fungal diseases caused. The present study was conducted to analyze the monthly incidence of airborne fungi, seasonal variation, and influence of meteorological parameters in indoor and outdoor fungi of cowshed at Hesaraghatta village, Bangalore. An aeromycological survey of indoor and outdoor area of cowshed at Hesaraghatta village in Bangalore city was carried out using the Andersen two-stage sampler onto a petri dish containing malt extract agar from January 2011 to December 2011. Altogether, 29 species belonging to 13 genera from indoor and 26 species belonging to 12 genera were recorded from outdoor environment of the cowshed; the dominant fungal species identified were Cladosporium sp., Aspergillus sp., and Alternaria alternata. Seasonal occurrence of fungal spores in both indoor and outdoor of the cowshed revealed that maximum spores were recorded in summer season followed by winter and rainy season.

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Visiting Hours Impact on Indoor to Outdoor Ratio of Fungi Concentration at Golestan University Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran

Environment and Pollution ◽

10.5539/ep.v6n1p62 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 62 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gholamreza Goudarzi ◽

Zahra Soleimani ◽

Batool Sadeghinejad ◽

Mojgan Alighardashi ◽

Seyed Mahmoud Latifi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Airborne Fungi ◽

Outdoor Environment ◽

University Hospital ◽

Culturable Fungi ◽

Indoor Fungi ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

The Relationship ◽

Outdoor Fungi ◽

Visiting Time ◽

Indoor And Outdoor

Prevalence of diseases originated from air pollution such as asthma and allergies, can be attributed to the bioaerosols. Bacteria and fungi are the main sources of hospital infections, which cause most of the diseases and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the ratio of indoor to outdoor fungi concentration, the effect of population and people density on fungi concentration and the relationship between indoor and outdoor environment. In this study, three stations were used: outdoor of the hospital, general indoor and ICU wards of the Ahvaz hospital. These locations were chosen for sampling of the airborne fungi from October to December 2010. The samples were collected in 2 min, flow rate of 28.3 L/min using quick take (SKC Inc., PA, USA), based on the Andersen method.The three dominant culturable fungi genera in sampling stations were Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Cladosporium. The average of total culturable fungi concentration before visiting time was 365.8 CFU m-3 and increased to 578CFU m-3 after visiting time. The indoor to outdoor ratios (I/O) in ICU and internal for fungi before visit were 0.36 and 0.68, respectively. However, these ratios in ICU and internal station for fungi after visit were 0.78 and 0.99, respectively. Following the visit of the visitors, the concentration of fungi available indoor was conspicuously higher (even in the wards in which no visitors were allowed; e.g. ICU, etc). Hence the amount of indoor fungi was affected by the concentration of outdoor fungi and visitors crowd.

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Assessment of indoor and outdoor airborne fungi in an Educational, Research and Treatment Center

Italian Journal of Medicine ◽

10.4081/itjm.2016.663 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nasrin Rostami ◽

Hossien Alidadi ◽

Hossein Zarrinfar ◽

Pegah Salehi

Keyword(s):

Educational Research ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Airborne Fungi ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Treatment Center ◽

Outdoor Air ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hospital Environments ◽

Almost All ◽

Indoor And Outdoor

Hospital environments contain different types of microorganisms. Airborne fungal are one of these microbes and the major sources of hospitals indoor contamination that will be able to cause airborne fungal diseases. The total count and diversity of the airborne filamentous and yeasts fungi were investigated in indoor and outdoor air of selective wards of Emam Reza Educational, Research and Treatment Center. This cross-sectional study was performed during the fall season. One hundred and ninety-two environmental samples of indoor and outdoor air from hematology, infectious diseases, Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) wards were collected by open plate technique (on Sabouraud dextrose agar media) once a week. The cultures were then examined and evaluated according to macroscopic and microscopic examination criteria. In this study, 67 (62.03%) of indoor samples and 81 (96.42%) of outdoor samples were positive for fungi. The most isolated fungi were yeast species (17.12%), Penicillium spp. (16.34%), Alternaria spp. (14.39%), A. niger (11.28%), A. flavus (8.95%), respectively. Almost all of the wards showed high rates of contamination by various fungi. However, the analysis of the data showed that indoor air of hematology ward had the highest fungal pollution. In contrast, the outdoor air of ENT had the highest fungal pollution. Thus, these results demonstrated that the cleansing and disinfection procedures in the hospital wards should be improved yet.

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Airborne fungi and bacteria in indoor and outdoor environment of the Pediatric Unit of Edirne Government Hospital

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment ◽

10.1007/s10661-011-2075-x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 184 (3) ◽

pp. 1739-1751 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Suzan Okten ◽

Ahmet Asan

Keyword(s):

Airborne Fungi ◽

Outdoor Environment ◽

Government Hospital ◽

Indoor And Outdoor

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Concentration and distribution characteristics of airborne fungi in indoor and outdoor air of Tehran subway stations

Aerobiologia ◽

10.1007/s10453-012-9285-8 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 355-363 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Mohammad Hoseini ◽

Hosein Jabbari ◽

Kazem Naddafi ◽

Ramin Nabizadeh ◽

Mohammad Rahbar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Airborne Fungi ◽

Distribution Characteristics ◽

Outdoor Air ◽

Subway Stations ◽

Indoor And Outdoor

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Indoor-outdoor relationship of SO2 concentrations in a rural and an urban community of Alberta

Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering ◽

10.1139/l00-036 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 28 (S1) ◽

pp. 163-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Warren B Kindzierski ◽

Scott Sembaluk

Keyword(s):

Outdoor Environment ◽

Outdoor Air ◽

Industrial Emissions ◽

Short Term ◽

Passive Monitoring ◽

Short Term Exposure ◽

Time Of Year ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Indoor And Outdoor

Passive monitoring techniques were used to measure 7-day average concentrations of SO2 in indooroutdoor air in two Alberta communities, Boyle (population 860) and Sherwood Park (population 42 000). Sampling occurred during a 5-week period in late fall, a time of year when SO2 is less reactive in the outdoor environment. Outdoor levels of SO2 at 12 homes in Boyle (median 4.3 µg/m3, range 3.75.6 µg/m3) were two times lower than those at 13 homes in Sherwood Park (median 9.9 µg/m3, range 8.213 µg/m3). Slightly higher indoor SO2 levels were measured in Sherwood Park homes (median 1.4 µg/m3, range 0.95.2 µg/m3) than in Boyle homes (median 0.5 µg/m3, range 0.22.3 µg/m3). These results are consistent with the characteristics of the two communities involved in this study. Sherwood Park has many more SO2-related emission sources than in Boyle (i.e., increased vehicle traffic and industrial emissions). Indoor and outdoor SO2 levels measured in both communities were [Formula: see text]13 µg/m3. These levels are considered low compared with benchmark levels intended for protection of people: 365 µg/m3 averaged over 24 h (short-term exposure) or 80 µg/m3 averaged over 1 year (long-term exposure). The median indooroutdoor SO2 concentration ratio was 0.13 for both communities.Key words: air quality, indoor, outdoor, passive monitoring, sulphur dioxide.

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Profiles of Airborne Fungi in Buildings and Outdoor Environments in the United States

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.68.4.1743-1753.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 1743-1753 ◽

Cited By ~ 374

Author(s):

Brian G. Shelton ◽

Kimberly H. Kirkland ◽

W. Dana Flanders ◽

George K. Morris

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Indoor Air ◽

The United States ◽

Airborne Fungi ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Outdoor Air ◽

Air Samples ◽

Outdoor Environments ◽

Public Health Practitioners ◽

Indoor And Outdoor

ABSTRACT We examined 12,026 fungal air samples (9,619 indoor samples and 2,407 outdoor samples) from 1,717 buildings located across the United States; these samples were collected during indoor air quality investigations performed from 1996 to 1998. For all buildings, both indoor and outdoor air samples were collected with an Andersen N6 sampler. The culturable airborne fungal concentrations in indoor air were lower than those in outdoor air. The fungal levels were highest in the fall and summer and lowest in the winter and spring. Geographically, the highest fungal levels were found in the Southwest, Far West, and Southeast. The most common culturable airborne fungi, both indoors and outdoors and in all seasons and regions, were Cladosporium, Penicillium, nonsporulating fungi, and Aspergillus. Stachybotrys chartarum was identified in the indoor air in 6% of the buildings studied and in the outdoor air of 1% of the buildings studied. This study provides industrial hygienists, allergists, and other public health practitioners with comparative information on common culturable airborne fungi in the United States. This is the largest study of airborne indoor and outdoor fungal species and concentrations conducted with a standardized protocol to date.

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Effect of Insulator on Thermal Comfort in Poultry House in the Western Region of the State of Paraná

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n3p289 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 289

Author(s):

Suélen C. Maino ◽

J. A. C. Siqueira ◽

S. N. M. De Souza ◽

H. Mukai ◽

R. G. R. Da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Temperature Data ◽

The State ◽

Western Region ◽

Thermal Imager ◽

Outdoor Air ◽

Poultry House ◽

Poultry Houses ◽

The Western Region ◽

Indoor And Outdoor

This work was carried out with the objective of evaluating effect of different insulation considering two poultry houses. Two dark house type, located in the western region of the State of Paraná, Brazil were analyzed. The poultry house A1 is characterized with trapezoidal aluzinc cover on the upper side interspersed with a layer of polyurethane and aluminized film on the underside, while the poultry house A2 has cover of aluzinc with black tarpaulin. A thermo-hygrometer was used to measure the temperature and relative humidity of the indoor and outdoor air, and a thermal imager was used to collect the surface temperature data of the birds. In this way, it was possible to evaluate the effect of different insulation of poultry houses on birds. Finally, was concluded that the poultry house A1 provided temperature and relative humidity and temperature of the birds closer to those considered as ideal in the literature.

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