scholarly journals Biochemical and Histological Changes in Rat Liver Caused by Cypermethrin and Beta-Cyfluthrin

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brijender Bhushan ◽  
Prabhu N. Saxena ◽  
Nishi Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Hepatocellular Damage ◽  
Nuclear Polymorphism ◽  
Hepatic Proteins ◽  
Cytoplasmic Vacuolisation

Cypermethrin and beta-cyfluthrin are two most widely used multipurpose pyrethroids. After determining their oral LD50 (416.98 mg kg-1 and 354.8 mg kg-1 body weight, respectively), we assessed their hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats following acute (0.1 LD50 for 1 day) and sub-acute (0.1 LD50 for 7, 14, 21 or 28 days) poisoning. The assessment was based on hepatic marker enzymes AST, ALT, LDH, ALP, glycogen, total proteins, total lipids, cholesterol, free fatty acids, and phospholipids. AST, ALT, LDH, total lipids, cholesterol, phospholipids, and free fatty acids in hepatic homogenate increased following pyrethroid stress. In contrast, hepatic proteins, glycogen, and ALP activity decreased due to lysis of structural proteins and leakage of enzymes into the blood stream. Biochemical data were consistent with histological alterations (cytoplasmic vacuolisation, nuclear polymorphism, eccentric nucleus, karyolysis, karyorrhexis, and sinusoidal dilation). Comparatively greater hepatocellular damage was noted in beta-cyfluthrin than in cypermethrin-treated rats, which is probably related to the fluorine atom in beta-cyfluthrin.

scholarly journals Biochemical responses to ocean acidification contrast between tropical corals with high and low abundances at volcanic carbon dioxide seeps

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 897-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Strahl ◽  
D. S. Francis ◽  
J. Doyle ◽  
C. Humphrey ◽  
K. E. Fabricius
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Elevated Pco2 ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Cell Protection ◽  
Total Proteins

AbstractAt two natural volcanic seeps in Papua New Guinea, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in the seawater is consistent with projections for 2100. Here, the cover of massive scleractinian corals Porites spp. is twice as high at elevated compared with ambient pCO2, while that of branching corals such as Acropora millepora is greater than twofold reduced. To assess the underlying mechanisms for such community shifts under long-term exposure to elevated pCO2, biochemical parameters related to tissue biomass, energy storage, pigmentation, cell protection, and cell damage were compared between Porites spp. and A. millepora from control (mean pHtotal = 8.1, pCO2 = 323 µatm) and CO2 seep sites (mean pHtotal = 7.8, pCO2 = 803 µatm) each at two reefs. In Porites spp., only one of the biochemical parameters investigated (the ratio of photoprotective to light-harvesting pigments) responded to pCO2, while tissue biomass, total lipids, total proteins, and some pigments differed between the two reefs, possibly reflecting differences in food availability. Furthermore, some fatty acids showed pCO2 –reef interactions. In A. millepora, most pigments investigated were reduced at elevated pCO2, while other parameters (e.g. tissue biomass, total proteins, total lipids, protein carbonyls, some fatty acids and pigments) differed between reefs or showed pCO2–reef interactions. Tissue biomass, total lipids, and cell-protective capacities were distinctly higher in Porites spp. than in A. millepora, indicating higher resistance to environmental stress in massive Porites. However, our data suggest that important biochemical measures remain relatively unaffected in these two coral species in response to elevated pCO2 up to 800 µatm, with most responses being smaller than differences between species and locations, and also when compared with responses to other environmental stressors such as ocean warming.

scholarly journals Lipid Content and In Vitro Incorporation of Free Fatty Acids Into Lipids of Human Platelets: The Effect of Storage at 4°C

Blood ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
MINORU OKUMA ◽  
MANFRED STEINER ◽  
MARIO BALDINI
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Fraction ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Independent Mechanism

Abstract Lipid content and capacity to incorporate in vitro palmitate-1-14C and linoleate-1-14C into lipids was investigated in fresh and stored (4°C) human platelets. Cholesterol and phospholipids decreased 30% during storage for 6 days. Molar ratio of cholesterol to phospholipids and percentage distribution of individual phospholipids were similar in fresh and stored platelets. Palmitate bound to albumin was rapidly transferred by an energy-independent mechanism into a free fatty acid fraction of platelets. From there it was incorporated into glycerides and phospholipids, a process requiring energy. More palmitate than linoleate was incorporated into fatty acids and glycerides of fresh and stored platelets but linoleate exceeded palmitate in its incorporation into phosphatidylethanolamine. Storage of platelets produced the following changes: (1) Incorporation of palmitate into total lipids was significantly reduced but not that of linoleate. (2) Both palmitate and linoleate showed increased incorporation into phosphatidylethanolamine. (3) Incorporation of linoleate into free fatty acids and triglycerides and of palmitate into phosphatidylcholine was reduced.

The effect of starvation on the biochemical composition of the rotiferBrachionus plicatilis

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Frolov ◽  
S.L. Pankov
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Brachionus Plicatilis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Free Sterols

Alterations of the biochemical composition and survival of the rotiferBrachionus plicatilishave been investigated. During starvation the proportion of total protein increased from 45·3 to 62·7% while that of total lipid, carbohydrate and glycogen decreased from 20·1 to 6·9%, from 21·2 to 14·1% and from 17·3 to 4·9% dry weight, respectively. The proportion of polar lipids and free sterols in total lipids increased, from 8·3 to 32·0% and from 29·2 to 58·3% whereas triacylglycerol decreased from 54·7 to 4·2% dry weight. The most abrupt alteration in these fractions took place in the interval from 24 to 48 h. The proportion of monoacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, free fatty acids and esters of waxes and sterols in-creased from 1·2 to 3·0% (72 h), from 0·2 to 1·8 (48 h), from 0·7 to 2·4 (72 h) and from 5·7 to 12·1% (48 h) and then decreased to the level of 1·1, 0·9, 1·2 and 1·3%, respectively.

Comparative effects of dietary fatty acids and triglycerides on lymph lipids in the rat

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (4) ◽  
pp. 881-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
George V. Vahouny ◽  
C. R. Treadwell
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Significant Elevation

The influence of fatty acids and corresponding triglycerides on the intestinal absorption of cholesterol has been studied in lymph-fistula rats. Butyric and lauric acids, given with bile salt and cholesterol as the free acids or the triglycerides, had little effect on total lymph lipids or on absorption of exogenous cholesterol. Palmitic acid gave a marked increase in lymph lipids which was due entirely to a rise in neutral fat, and a simultaneous depression of cholesterol absorption. The administration of stearic, oleic or linoleic acids produced large increases in the lymph levels of neutral fat and phospholipids. Oleic acid was most efficient, with linoleic and stearic acids somewhat less effective, in promoting cholesterol absorption. The increases in total lymph lipids after tristearin or triolein were less marked than with the free fatty acids, while in the case of trilinolein, total lipids, neutral fat, and phospholipid levels were comparable to the levels after linoleic acid. Of the triglycerides studied, only trilinolein caused a significant elevation of total lymph cholesterol.

Phospholipids and Glycerides Composition during Spheroplasts Formation of Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 14468

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 962-964
Author(s):  
M. V. V. S. Murty ◽  
T. A. Venkitasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Mycobacterium Smegmatis ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Adaptational Change

Abstract The phospholipids and glycerides composition of spheroplasts of Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 14468 was examined. The percent total phospholipids in total lipids as well as cardio-lipin were found to be higher in spheroplasts as compared to their parent forms. Increase in cardiolipin and free fatty acids content and decrease in triglycerides levels were observed during spheroplasts formation. The results suggest that increase in cardiolipin content in sphero­ plasts is an adaptational change concomittant with the loss of cell walls.

In-vivo hypocalcaemic, hypophosphataemic and hyperlipaemic activities in the common peptide sequence of adrenocorticotrophin, melanocyte-stimulating hormone and lipotrophin

1983 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Drouhault ◽  
Danièle Valéro ◽  
Alexandre Baghdiantz ◽  
Paul Blanquet
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Plasma Calcium ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Significant Modification ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
The Common

A heptapeptide solution in acetate buffer (pH = 4, 150 μg/kg) of the amino acid sequence common to ACTH, α- and β-MSH and lipotrophin, when injected intravenously into rabbits produced an increase in total lipids, cholesterol and free fatty acids after 1 h and a decrease in plasma calcium and phosphate after 2 h. No significant modification in the amount of creatinine, uric acid, urea, total proteins, CO2, Cl−, K+ or Na+ was observed.

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