scholarly journals Biochemical responses to ocean acidification contrast between tropical corals with high and low abundances at volcanic carbon dioxide seeps

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 897-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Strahl ◽  
D. S. Francis ◽  
J. Doyle ◽  
C. Humphrey ◽  
K. E. Fabricius
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Elevated Pco2 ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Cell Protection ◽  
Total Proteins

AbstractAt two natural volcanic seeps in Papua New Guinea, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in the seawater is consistent with projections for 2100. Here, the cover of massive scleractinian corals Porites spp. is twice as high at elevated compared with ambient pCO2, while that of branching corals such as Acropora millepora is greater than twofold reduced. To assess the underlying mechanisms for such community shifts under long-term exposure to elevated pCO2, biochemical parameters related to tissue biomass, energy storage, pigmentation, cell protection, and cell damage were compared between Porites spp. and A. millepora from control (mean pHtotal = 8.1, pCO2 = 323 µatm) and CO2 seep sites (mean pHtotal = 7.8, pCO2 = 803 µatm) each at two reefs. In Porites spp., only one of the biochemical parameters investigated (the ratio of photoprotective to light-harvesting pigments) responded to pCO2, while tissue biomass, total lipids, total proteins, and some pigments differed between the two reefs, possibly reflecting differences in food availability. Furthermore, some fatty acids showed pCO2 –reef interactions. In A. millepora, most pigments investigated were reduced at elevated pCO2, while other parameters (e.g. tissue biomass, total proteins, total lipids, protein carbonyls, some fatty acids and pigments) differed between reefs or showed pCO2–reef interactions. Tissue biomass, total lipids, and cell-protective capacities were distinctly higher in Porites spp. than in A. millepora, indicating higher resistance to environmental stress in massive Porites. However, our data suggest that important biochemical measures remain relatively unaffected in these two coral species in response to elevated pCO2 up to 800 µatm, with most responses being smaller than differences between species and locations, and also when compared with responses to other environmental stressors such as ocean warming.

scholarly journals Biochemical and Histological Changes in Rat Liver Caused by Cypermethrin and Beta-Cyfluthrin

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brijender Bhushan ◽  
Prabhu N. Saxena ◽  
Nishi Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Hepatocellular Damage ◽  
Nuclear Polymorphism ◽  
Hepatic Proteins ◽  
Cytoplasmic Vacuolisation

Cypermethrin and beta-cyfluthrin are two most widely used multipurpose pyrethroids. After determining their oral LD50 (416.98 mg kg-1 and 354.8 mg kg-1 body weight, respectively), we assessed their hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats following acute (0.1 LD50 for 1 day) and sub-acute (0.1 LD50 for 7, 14, 21 or 28 days) poisoning. The assessment was based on hepatic marker enzymes AST, ALT, LDH, ALP, glycogen, total proteins, total lipids, cholesterol, free fatty acids, and phospholipids. AST, ALT, LDH, total lipids, cholesterol, phospholipids, and free fatty acids in hepatic homogenate increased following pyrethroid stress. In contrast, hepatic proteins, glycogen, and ALP activity decreased due to lysis of structural proteins and leakage of enzymes into the blood stream. Biochemical data were consistent with histological alterations (cytoplasmic vacuolisation, nuclear polymorphism, eccentric nucleus, karyolysis, karyorrhexis, and sinusoidal dilation). Comparatively greater hepatocellular damage was noted in beta-cyfluthrin than in cypermethrin-treated rats, which is probably related to the fluorine atom in beta-cyfluthrin.

Effect of glucomannan on haematological, coagulation and biochemical parameters in male rabbits fed aflatoxin-contaminated ration

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Eisa ◽  
A. Metwally
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Microcytic Hypochromic Anaemia ◽  
Hypochromic Anaemia ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Aflatoxin B

The main goal of the present work was to explore the effect of glucomannan (GM) as a biological detoxifying agent on haematological, coagulation and biochemical parameters in male rabbits fed aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-contaminated ration. Thirty male White New Zealand rabbits were used in this study. They were divided into 3 equal groups. The first group was given a ration free from mycotoxins and kept as a control group. Rabbits in the second group were fed a ration naturally contaminated with AFB1 (0.1 mg/kg ration) for 28 days, while rabbits in the third group were fed AFB1-contaminated ration (0.1 mg/kg ration) in addition to GM (1 kg/ton) for 28 days. The results of the present work revealed that aflatoxicosis elicited a picture of microcytic hypochromic anaemia, leukopenia, lymphocytopenia and monocytopenia. Coagulopathy recorded in this work due to aflatoxicosis was characterised by thrombocytopenia, prolonged prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. Hepatotoxicity due to AFB1 recorded in this work was characterised by a significant increase in serum activity of alanine aminotransferase, gammaglutamyl transferase and total bilirubin in addition to a significant decrease in serum total proteins and albumin. Data recorded in this work showed a significant increase in serum urea, creatinine, total lipids and cholesterol in addition to a significant decrease in serum glucose, calcium, phosphorus and iron in rabbits fed aflatoxin-contaminated ration only. Supplementation of rabbit ration with GM resulted in the return of the above-mentioned parameters to normal control values. It could be concluded that GM provides new insights into counteracting the adverse effects of AFB1.

In-vivo hypocalcaemic, hypophosphataemic and hyperlipaemic activities in the common peptide sequence of adrenocorticotrophin, melanocyte-stimulating hormone and lipotrophin

1983 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Drouhault ◽  
Danièle Valéro ◽  
Alexandre Baghdiantz ◽  
Paul Blanquet
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Plasma Calcium ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Significant Modification ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
The Common

A heptapeptide solution in acetate buffer (pH = 4, 150 μg/kg) of the amino acid sequence common to ACTH, α- and β-MSH and lipotrophin, when injected intravenously into rabbits produced an increase in total lipids, cholesterol and free fatty acids after 1 h and a decrease in plasma calcium and phosphate after 2 h. No significant modification in the amount of creatinine, uric acid, urea, total proteins, CO2, Cl−, K+ or Na+ was observed.

Littoral invertebrates in waders’ nutrition at migratory stopover sites in the Azov and Black Sea region

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Kharchenko ◽  
I. A. Lykova
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Stopover Sites ◽  
Littoral Invertebrates ◽  
Migratory Stopover

Seasonal migration for birds – distant migrants are the most energy intensive. Fat reserves accumulated in the bird’s body before migration and during migratory stopovers determine success of the long-distance flight. Lipids play a vital role both as a source of energy and as structural components of cell membranes. For most migrants to the speed and quality processes fat accumulation affects the feed ration in the field of migration stops. Fodder saturation with essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is of great importance. Being paramount for physiological processes, these acids cannot be synthesized in the bird’s body. The proposed article is dedicated to the study of waders’ trophic relationships with their prey items, and the use of PUFAs as biochemical markers. This approach is based on the specificity of the fatty acids contained in the lipids of invertebrate to be used as food bird species studied. Significant amount NPZHK waders obtained from forage that can be considered PUFAs as biochemical markers to determine the range and diversity of food producing birds PUFAs ways, and also to study the food chain in ecosystems. A fatty acid spectrum (FAS) of the lipids common for nine littoral invertebrate species (Gammarus aequicauda, Idotea balthica, Artemia salina, Nerеis sp., Nerеis zonata, Theodoxces astrachanicus, Hydrobia acuta, Chironomus salinarius, Chironomus plumosus), which constitute the main component of waders’ diet at the migratory stopover sites in the Azov and Black Sea region, has been studied. Found that the largest amount of total lipids contained in Nereis zonata (4,6 %) and Artemia salina (4,4 %), the lowest amount of total lipids was observed in Chironomus (1,5–1,8 %), which implies that polychaete worms and Artemia salina, as a source of fat, are the most productive for waders. Our research has found that mollusks, polychaete worms, and Artemia salina are the most effective waders’ fodder in the PUFAs content. Mollusks contain the largest amount of PUFAs, their spectrum is ω3 and ω6 PUFAs, especially arаchidonic acid C20:4. Polychate worms are also characterized by a high PUFAs level; they serve for birds as a source of linolenic and linoleic acid groups. Artemia salina contains a large amount of eicosapentaenoic С20:5ω3 and docosahexaenoic С22:6ω3 acids, which getting to an organism of birds, participating in the formation of cell membranes, act as thermal stabilizer lipid bilayers, enhance stamina during long-distance flight. A high abundance of Artemia salina in the feeding areas permit tundra waders to use them as a prey item, which can fulfill the bird’s body with a required amount of fatty acids in a short time. We have established an influence of some environmental factors, as water temperature and salinity, on the lipids FAS of littoral invertebrates. Spectrum analysis of polyene fatty acids in the lipids closely related species of invertebrates living in different salinity water showed that the content of PUFAs in the lipid depend on their food spectrum, and the environmental conditions. Therefore, anthropogenic pressure and changes of water hydrological regime may affect PUFAs content in the lipids of littoral invertebrates. In its turn, this factor may change alimentary behavior and migratory strategy of the birds, which use migratory stopover sites in the region in question. Shallow waters of the Azov-Black Sea region are characterized by different climatic characteristics and a large reserve of phytoplankton. This explains the mass character species studied of invertebrates to feeding areas and their use as basic prey items, many species of waders.

Biochemical Profiles of Various Fresh Extracts of Gnaphalium polycaulon Pers

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanmugapriya K. ◽  
T. Murugan ◽  
Thayumanavan Tha
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
South India ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Biochemical Profiles ◽  
First Time

Medicinal plants plays a significant role in the pharmaceutical industry. In present scenario, the need is to explore, identify and utilize this new medicinal plant on one hand and, on the other, to help conserve the existing but threatened species of rare medicinal plant.This present research work was carry out for the first time in South India to analyse and estimate the biochemical profiles of various extracts of fresh parts of Gnaphalium polycaulon pers., plant. The biochemical composition such as total carbohydrates, total proteins, total lipids, total phenols, cholesterol, total chlorophylls and reducing sugar, sterols were estimated using the standard procedure in fresh plant material.The biochemical analysis of Gnaphalium polycaulon plant showed the presence of various phytochemicals. The results of the present study supplement the usage of the studied plant which possesses several bioactive compounds and used as food and also as medicine.The results of present studies demonstrated that Gnaphalium polycaulon plant could be a sourceof valuable information and a guideline for the scientists, researchers in India and also all over the world

scholarly journals Lipidomics Provides New Insight into Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Targets of the Ischemia—Reperfusion Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2798
Author(s):  
Zoran Todorović ◽  
Siniša Đurašević ◽  
Maja Stojković ◽  
Ilijana Grigorov ◽  
Slađan Pavlović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Enzyme Inactivation ◽  
Critical Event ◽  
Tissue Ischemia ◽  
Insight Into

Lipids play an essential role in both tissue protection and damage. Tissue ischemia creates anaerobic conditions in which enzyme inactivation occurs, and reperfusion can initiate oxidative stress that leads to harmful changes in membrane lipids, the formation of aldehydes, and chain damage until cell death. The critical event in such a series of harmful events in the cell is the unwanted accumulation of fatty acids that leads to lipotoxicity. Lipid analysis provides additional insight into the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) disorders and reveals new targets for drug action. The profile of changes in the composition of fatty acids in the cell, as well as the time course of these changes, indicate both the mechanism of damage and new therapeutic possibilities. A therapeutic approach to reperfusion lipotoxicity involves attenuation of fatty acids overload, i.e., their transport to adipose tissue and/or inhibition of the adverse effects of fatty acids on cell damage and death. The latter option involves using PPAR agonists and drugs that modulate the transport of fatty acids via carnitine into the interior of the mitochondria or the redirection of long-chain fatty acids to peroxisomes.

Study on Kidney Function in Female Workers Exposed to Perchlorethylene

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vyskočil ◽  
S. Emminger ◽  
J. Tejral ◽  
Z. Fiala ◽  
E. Ettlerova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Dry Cleaning ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Occupationally Exposed

1 Biochemical markers of kidney damage were examined in 16 female workers chronically exposed to tetrachlorethylene (TCE) in five dry-cleaning shops. The results were compared with those obtained in 13 females non-occupationally exposed to organic solvents. 2 The intensity of exposure was monitored by personal environmental monitoring. The time-weighed average exposure to TCE amounted to 157 mg m-3 (range 9-799 mg m-3). A satisfactory agreement was found between the concentration of TCE in ambient air sampled with the charcoal tube method and with a passive dosimeter. 3 The urinary excretion of lysozyme was increased in the exposed group. No difference was found in the urinary excretion of albumin, β2-microglobulin, lactate dehydrogenase, total proteins or glucose. The prevalence of abnormal values of biochemical parameters in the exposed group did not differ from that observed in the control group. No correlation was found between the level of TCE exposure and biochemical parameters. 4 The present study suggests that chronic exposure to TCE does not lead to renal damage.

Fatty Acids in a High-Fat Diet Potentially Induce Gastric Parietal-Cell Damage and Metaplasia in Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 152 (5) ◽  
pp. S418
Author(s):  
Yuki Hirata ◽  
Shinji Fukuda ◽  
Kazuhiko Yamada ◽  
Kazuhide Higuchi ◽  
Yuki I. Kawamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Parietal Cell ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Gastric Parietal Cell

EFFECT OF ALLOXAN, INSULIN, AND THYROXINE ON CHOLESTEROL AND FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS BY RAT LIVER HOMOGENATES

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Scaife ◽  
B. B. Migicovsky
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Liver Homogenates ◽  
Vitro Effect

The in vitro effect of alloxan and insulin on the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids from 1-C14-sodium acetate by rat liver homogenates has been examined. Alloxan caused a reduction in the incorporation of acetate into cholesterol, fatty acids, and C14O2, but an increase in the oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. The addition of insulin to homogenates caused a reduction in cholesterol synthesis but an increase in fatty acid synthesis both for normal and diabetic animals. Homogenates from thyrotoxic rats exhibited a marked reduction in cholesterol synthesis when compared with normal animals. C14O2 production by homogenates from starved rats was appreciably lower than for those from normal animals. With this exception no appreciable difference was found in the oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide, or C14O2 production in homogenates from normal, starved, thyroxine-treated, or diabetic animals. Synthesized cholesterol was found to be located principally in the particulate matter of the homogenates after they had been incubated with 1-C14-sodium acetate. Homogenates from starved rats showed no greater tendency to degrade preformed cholesterol during incubation than did those from normal rats.

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