Awareness of the Endogenous Factors Influence Purchasing and Consumption Decisions

The widespread reverence for customer loyalty among marketers and businesses all across the globe is inspired from its manifestations since it’s the consumption decisions of loyal customers that leave a mammoth mark over the revenues and growth of a firm. A throng of behavioural, attitudinal and cognitive manifestations of customer loyalty are available in the literature some of which are widely acknowledged and accepted whereas others call for further inquiry. These manifestations of loyalty among customers are generally pinned down through their actions (Zeithaml et al., 1996; Jones et al., 2000) or their attitude towards the company or a particular product/ service (Javalgi and Moberg, 1997; Butcher et al., 2001). However, recent literature suggests that another outcome of loyalty is customer preferring a particular service provider to others based upon the conscious evaluation of brand attributes (Gremler and Brown, 1996; Butcher et al., 2001). The paper intends to explore and empirically test various manifestations of customer loyalty in the context of life insurance services thereby, extending the existing knowledge of customer loyalty by outlining the distinctive nature of customer loyalty outcomes and offering useful insights to the marketing practitioners in life insurance industry. The study further groups these manifestations into distinct outcome classes and empirically evaluates them by comparing and contrasting each with the other. It also aims to enrich the literature of customer loyalty by developing and validating a scale for measurement of customer loyalty outcomes with special reference to life insurance services.

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Behind an Accelerated Scientific Research Career: Dynamic Interplay of Endogenous and Exogenous Forces in Talent Development

Education Sciences ◽

10.3390/educsci10090220 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 220

Author(s):

David Yun Dai ◽

Xian (Stella) Li

Keyword(s):

Professional Training ◽

Scientific Research ◽

Talent Development ◽

Early College ◽

Research Career ◽

Learning And Development ◽

Endogenous Factors ◽

Exogenous Factors ◽

Dynamic Interplay

This study looks at the educational experiences, from the preschool years to advanced professional training in STEM fields, of a targeted sample of 10 (7 male, 3 female) early college entrants in China who later became professors at prestigious USA research universities. The purpose of the study was to find out (1) what some identifiable endogenous factors were about these individuals that facilitated the success of their accelerated learning and development; (2) what kinds of exogenous factors (e.g., environmental opportunities, resources, support) they experienced from childhood to adulthood that enhanced the successful acceleration experience; and (3) how these endogenous and exogenous factors facilitated their developmental transitions every step of the way, especially from the role of a student to that of an aspiring scientist. These questions are addressed in light of evolving complexity theory. Retrospective interviews were used for data collection. Thematic analysis of the codes from interview data yielded a conceptual map. A distinct set of endogenous and exogenous factors at different developmental junctures were identified, and their dynamic interplay was delineated to account for accelerated trajectories toward a scientific research career. The theoretical significance and practical implications of the study for talent development in science are discussed.

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Boon and Bane of DNA Double-Strand Breaks

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22105171 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (10) ◽

pp. 5171

Author(s):

Ingo Schubert

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Double Strand Breaks ◽

Immunoglobulin Gene ◽

Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽

Endogenous Factors ◽

Strand Breaks ◽

Chromatin Elimination ◽

Evolutionary Consequences ◽

Cell Lethality

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), interrupting the genetic information, are elicited by various environmental and endogenous factors. They bear the risk of cell lethality and, if mis-repaired, of deleterious mutation. This negative impact is contrasted by several evolutionary achievements for DSB processing that help maintaining stable inheritance (correct repair, meiotic cross-over) and even drive adaptation (immunoglobulin gene recombination), differentiation (chromatin elimination) and speciation by creating new genetic diversity via DSB mis-repair. Targeted DSBs play a role in genome editing for research, breeding and therapy purposes. Here, I survey possible causes, biological effects and evolutionary consequences of DSBs, mainly for students and outsiders.

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Interplay between Abscisic Acid and Gibberellins, as Related to Ethylene and Sugars, in Regulating Maturation of Non-Climacteric Fruit

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22020669 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 669

Author(s):

Fernando Alferez ◽

Deived Uilian de Carvalho ◽

Daniel Boakye

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Molecular Level ◽

Economic Importance ◽

Sugar Signaling ◽

Citrus Species ◽

Endogenous Factors ◽

Grape Berries ◽

Climacteric Fruit ◽

Agronomic Management ◽

Management Techniques

In this review, we address the interaction between abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs) in regulating non-climacteric fruit development and maturation at the molecular level. We review the interplay of both plant growth regulators in regulating these processes in several fruit of economic importance such as grape berries, strawberry, and citrus, and show how understanding this interaction has resulted in useful agronomic management techniques. We then relate the interplay of both hormones with ethylene and other endogenous factors, such as sugar signaling. We finally review the growing knowledge related to abscisic acid, gibberellins, and the genus Citrus. We illustrate why this woody genus can be considered as an emerging model plant for understanding hormonal circuits in regulating different processes, as most of the finest work on this matter in recent years has been performed by using different Citrus species.

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The Impact of Financial Literacy on Household Consumption Decisions

2021 2nd Asia-Pacific Conference on Image Processing, Electronics and Computers ◽

10.1145/3452446.3452455 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Liujie Tang ◽

Jiaqin Jiang

Keyword(s):

Financial Literacy ◽

Household Consumption ◽

Consumption Decisions ◽

The Impact

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Exo/endogenous factors co-activatable nanodevice for spatiotemporally controlled miRNA imaging and guided tumor ablation

Nano Research ◽

10.1007/s12274-021-3554-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zhenqiang Wang ◽

Tao Ding ◽

Liucan Wang ◽

Shuai Wang ◽

Meizhen Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Ablation ◽

Endogenous Factors

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“What Is Right for Me, Is Not Necessarily Right for You”: The Endogenous Factors Influencing Nonparticipation in Medical Assistance in Dying

Qualitative Health Research ◽

10.1177/10497323211008843 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 104973232110088

Author(s):

Janine Brown ◽

Donna Goodridge ◽

Lilian Thorpe ◽

Alexander Crizzle

Keyword(s):

Health Care Providers ◽

Nurse Practitioners ◽

Emotional Labor ◽

Emotional Impact ◽

Care Providers ◽

Medical Assistance ◽

Endogenous Factors ◽

Medical Assistance In Dying ◽

Professional Experiences ◽

The Social

Access to medical assistance in dying (MAID) is influenced by legislation, health care providers (HCPs), the number of patient requests, and the patients’ locations. This research explored the factors that influenced HCPs’ nonparticipation in formal MAID processes and their needs to support this emerging practice area. Using an interpretive description methodology, we interviewed 17 physicians and 18 nurse practitioners who identified as non-participators in formal MAID processes. Nonparticipation was influenced by their (a) previous personal and professional experiences, (b) comfort with death, (c) conceptualization of duty, (d) preferred end-of-life care approaches, (e) faith or spirituality beliefs, (f) self-accountability, (g) consideration of emotional labor, and (h) future emotional impact. They identified a need for clear care pathways and safe passage. Two separate yet overlapping concepts were identified, conscientious objection to and nonparticipation in MAID, and we discussed options to support the social contract of care between HCPs and patients.

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Social Tipping Interventions Can Promote the Diffusion or Decay of Sustainable Consumption Norms in the Field. Evidence from a Quasi-Experimental Intervention Study

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13063529 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 3529

Author(s):

Joël Berger

Keyword(s):

Laboratory Experiments ◽

Sustainable Consumption ◽

Environmentally Sustainable ◽

Carbon Neutrality ◽

Consumption Decisions ◽

Policy Tool ◽

Field Evidence ◽

Current Prevalence ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Recent Laboratory

The diffusion of environmentally sustainable consumption patterns is crucial for reaching net carbon neutrality. As a promising policy tool for reaching this goal, scholars have put forward social tipping interventions (SOTIs). “Social tipping” refers to the phenomenon that a small initial change in a parameter of a social system can create abrupt, nonlinear change via self-reinforcing feedback. If this reduces the burden on the environment, it is of potential interest for environmental policy. SOTIs are attempts to create social tipping intentionally. SOTIs produce rapid norm changes in laboratory experiments. However, little is known about the potential of SOTIs in the field. This research reports on a field intervention promoting the consumption of hot beverages in reusable mugs instead of one-way cups, conducted at Swiss university cafeterias (N = 162,523 consumption decisions). Two SOTIs involved an appeal promoting sustainable consumption with regular feedback about the current prevalence of sustainable consumption. Two control treatments involved either the same appeal without feedback or no intervention. This research offers three key findings. First, SOTIs involving regular normative feedback can transform sustainable consumption from a minority behavior into a social norm within weeks. Second, tipping points in real-world environmental dilemmas may exceed the values found in recent laboratory experiments (≥50% vs. ≥25%). Third, SOTIs can also promote the decay of sustainable consumption. By implication, the risk-free use of SOTIs requires deeper insights into the boundary conditions of these dynamics.

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