Selectedin vitro methods to determine antioxidant activity of hydrophilic/lipophilic substances

Abstract The topic of free radicals and related antioxidants is greatly discussed nowadays. Antioxidants help to neutralize free radicals before damaging cells. In the absence of antioxidants, a phenomenon called oxidative stress occurs. Oxidative stress can cause many diseases e.g. Alzheimer’s disease and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, antioxidant activity of various compounds and the mechanism of their action have to be studied. Antioxidant activity and capacity are measured by in vitro and in vivo methods; in vitro methods are divided into two groups according to chemical reactions between free radicals and antioxidants. The first group is based on the transfer of hydrogen atoms (HAT), the second one on the transfer of electrons (ET). The most frequently used methods in the field of antioxidant power measurement are discussed in this work in terms of their principle, mechanism, methodology, the way of results evaluation and possible pitfalls.

Download Full-text

Review on Methods Used to Determine Antioxidant Activity of Origanum majorana

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401317666211110104812 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Gyanendra Narayan Mohapatra ◽

Bimala Tripathy ◽

B.V.V. Ravi Kumar ◽

Bimalendu Chowdhury ◽

Rajaram Das

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Antioxidants Activity ◽

Origanum Majorana ◽

Online Library

Background: Presence of free radicals in human body are harmful and cell systems are induce many diseases like cardiovascular, diabetes, cancer, inflammation, neuro-degenerative disorder, atherosclerosis, cataract, etc. Antioxidants can balance the effect of free radicals. Antioxidant-rich herbs are identified for preparation of drugs that can be administered to neutralize the free radicals. In the present context the selected medicinal plant is “Origanum majorana” (Family- Lamiaceae) widely known as Marwa in India sub-continent. As the medical professionals show their desires towards composite or lateral treatment, application of drugs with herbal origin gained its importance. Objective: This review presented various in vitro and in vivo methods used in the antioxidant activity study of O.majorana and observed its efficacy to reduce oxidative stress. Methods: Referred many reliable sources like Research gate, PubMed, Science Direct, Google scholar, Wiley online library, books to collect all information about the antioxidant activity of the selected plant. Results: Used several methods to determine the antioxidants activity of O.majorana, such as superoxide radical scavenging, ferric ion reducing antioxidant potency, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation inhibition, etc. The selected plant contains many phytoconstituents such as gallic acid, ferulic acid, apigenin, catechin, rutin, quercetin, luteolin, linolenic acid, β-sitosterol, and essential oils, which may be responsible for antioxidant activity. Conclusions : The review article provides information for investigating and developing new antioxidant methods and major phytoconstituents from O.majorana for better therapy of oxidative stress-mediated complications.

Download Full-text

IN VIVO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICUS AGAINST CISPLATIN INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN MICE

Journal of Applied Pharmacy ◽

10.21065/19204159.8.01 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Maimuna Naaz ◽

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Free Radicals ◽

The Body ◽

Cytotoxic Drug ◽

Rich Source ◽

In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

Plants are rich source of antioxidants. They can ameliorate the oxidative stress induced complications. Cisplatin is a cytotoxic drug which produced unwanted effects in the patients due to generation of free radicals inside the body. Phyllanthus emblicuspossessed in vitro antioxidant activity.

Download Full-text

Anthocyanin Extract from Flowers of Lavender dentate Beats Oxidative Stress In vitro and In vivo

Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.3329/dujps.v19i2.50630 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 145-151

Author(s):

Leila Gadouche ◽

Abdelkader Saadi ◽

Khayra Zerrouki ◽

Noureddine Djebli ◽

Meryem Sendjasni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Free Radical ◽

Intraperitoneal Injection ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Reduction Of Iron ◽

Daily Oral Administration

Free radicals, oxidative stress or antioxidants is more and more often used to explain different pathological disorders and their therapeutic approach. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of anthocyanin extract obtained by maceration of the flowers of Lavandula dentata in 0.1 % HCl/methanol (v/v) solution on oxidative stress. The antioxidant activity of anthocyanin extract in vitro was evaluated by reduction of iron (FRAP), DPPH and the ß-carotene tests. The in vivo oxidative stress was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 ml/kg of CCl4 and treated orally by 500mg kg/day of the extract. Anthocyanins extract inhibited the free radical DPPH (IC50:1.3 ± 0.23 mg/ml). Lavender extract prevented the oxidation of B carotene (28.34 ± 0.07%) and has an ability to reduce iron (0.736 ± 0.03). Intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 has increased biochemical parameters, which was evidence of oxidative stress in vivo. In contrast, daily oral administration of anthocyanin extract has restored the biochemical parameters. Histopathological examinations of liver stained with haematoxylin and eosin showed loss of hepatic architecture. These injuries observed have been improved by treatment with anthocyanin extract. The findings revealed that anthocyanin extract from lavender possesses a significant antioxidant activity. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 19(2): 145-151, 2020 (December)

Download Full-text

Phytochemical Analysis of Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Mahonia aquifolium Flower and Fruit Extracts

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2018/2879793 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Andra-Diana Andreicut ◽

Alina Elena Pârvu ◽

Augustin Cătălin Mot ◽

Marcel Pârvu ◽

Eva Fischer Fodor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Stress Index ◽

Tnf Alpha ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Mahonia Aquifolium ◽

Antioxidant Effects

Oxidative stress and inflammation are interlinked processes. The aim of the study was to perform a phytochemical analysis and to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic Mahonia aquifolium flower (MF), green fruit (MGF), and ripe fruit (MRF) extracts. Plant extract chemical composition was evaluated by HLPC. A DPPH test was used for the in vitro antioxidant activity. The in vivo antioxidant effects and the anti-inflammatory potential were tested on a rat turpentine oil-induced inflammation, by measuring serum nitric oxide (NOx) and TNF-alpha, total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidant reactivity (TAR), oxidative stress index (OSI), 3-nitrothyrosine (3NT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total thiols (SH). Extracts were administrated orally in three dilutions (100%, 50%, and 25%) for seven days prior to inflammation. The effects were compared to diclofenac. The HPLC polyphenol and alkaloid analysis revealed chlorogenic acid as the most abundant compound. All extracts had a good in vitro antioxidant activity, decreased NOx, TOS, and 3NT, and increased SH. TNF-alpha was reduced, and TAR increased only by MF and MGF. MDA was not influenced. Our findings suggest that M. aquifolium has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects that support the use in primary prevention of the inflammatory processes.

Download Full-text

In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant Activity of the New Magnetic-Cerium Oxide Nanoconjugates

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano9111565 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1565 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Turin-Moleavin ◽

Fifere ◽

Lungoci ◽

Rosca ◽

Coroaba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Iron Oxide ◽

Cerium Oxide ◽

Chemical Activation ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles

Background. Cerium oxide nanoparticles present the mimetic activity of superoxide dismutase, being able to inactivate the excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) correlated with a large number of pathologies, such as stents restenosis and the occurrence of genetic mutations that can cause cancer. This study presents the synthesis and biological characterisation of nanoconjugates based on nanoparticles of iron oxide interconnected with cerium oxide conjugates. Methods. The synthesis of magnetite-nanoceria nanoconjugates has been done in several stages, where the key to the process is the coating of nanoparticles with polyethyleneimine and its chemical activation-reticulation with glutaraldehyde. The nanoconjugates are characterised by several techniques, and the antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results. Iron oxide nanoparticles interconnected with cerium oxide nanoparticles were obtained, having an average diameter of 8 nm. Nanoconjugates prove to possess superparamagnetic properties and the saturation magnetisation varies with the addition of diamagnetic components in the system, remaining within the limits of biomedical applications. In vitro free-radical scavenging properties of nanoceria are improved after the coating of nanoparticles with polyethylenimine and conjugation with magnetite nanoparticles. In vivo studies reveal increased antioxidant activity in all organs and fluids collected from mice, which demonstrates the ability of the nanoconjugates to reduce oxidative stress. Conclusion. Nanoconjugates possess magnetic properties, being able to scavenge free radicals, reducing the oxidative stress. The combination of the two properties mentioned above makes them excellent candidates for theranostic applications.

Download Full-text

In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant Activity of Agave sisalana Agro-Industrial Residue

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom10101435 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1435 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stella Maria Andrade Gomes Barreto ◽

Cesar Orlando Muñoz Cadavid ◽

Rafael Amir de Oliveira Moura ◽

Giovanna Melo Martins Silva ◽

Samara Vitória Ferreira de Araújo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Direct Action ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

New Production ◽

Industrial Residue ◽

Agave Sisalana

Agave sisalana agro-industrial residue has considerable potential against damage associated with oxidative stress and skin aging. This study aims to demonstrate, in vitro and in vivo, the potential of Agave sisalana agro-industrial residue as a safe and effective alternative for the prevention of damage caused by oxidative stress and aging. The antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro (total antioxidant capacity, reducing power, DPPH radical scavenging, metal chelating (Fe2+ and Cu2+), and hydroxyl radical scavenging) and in vivo using the Caenorhabditis elegans organism model. The extract showed in vitro antioxidant activity in all tests performed. Tests with C. elegans showed that the extract was able to reduce the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increase the survival rate of worms. A downregulation of gst-4::GFP expression suggests a direct action against free radicals. Agave sisalana agro-industrial residue extract (AsRE) can therefore be considered as a source of antioxidant biomolecules, and the use of this agro-industrial residue in a new production process can lead to sustainability and socioeconomic development.

Download Full-text

Testing of resveratrol microemulsion photostability and protective effect against UV induced oxidative stress

Acta Pharmaceutica ◽

10.1515/acph-2017-0018 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 247-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Vaida Juškaitė ◽

Kristina Ramanauskienė ◽

Vitalis Briedis

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Uv Light ◽

Biological Testing ◽

Human Keratinocyte ◽

Improved Stability ◽

Rate Profile

Abstract Resveratrol is well known for its antioxidant activity and susceptibility to ultraviolet radiation. Development of formulations providing improved stability and relevant drug delivery of resveratrol is still a challenging task. The aim of this study was to determine protective characteristics of formulated microemulsions by evaluating photoisomerization of resveratrol and to investigate the effects of resveratrol on human keratinocyte cells under oxidative stress caused by ultraviolet radiation. Incorporation of resveratrol into microemulsions resulted in increased photostability of active compounds and the results demonstrated that photodegradation of resveratrol was significantly delayed. Results of biopharmaceutical evaluation in vitro demonstrated that up to 60 % of resveratrol was released from microemulsions within 6 hours under a constant release rate profile. In vivo biological testing confirmed the ability of resveratrol to protect cells from oxidative stress and to increase cell viability. It was concluded that microemulsions might be considered in the development of UV light sensitive compounds.

Download Full-text

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF TARAXACUM OFFICINALE

InterConf ◽

10.51582/interconf.19-20.03.2021.026 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 264-280

Author(s):

Ala Fulga ◽

Valeriana Pantea ◽

Lilia Andronache ◽

Olga Tagadiuc ◽

Mihail Todiras ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Hypochlorous Acid ◽

Electron Flow ◽

Taraxacum Officinale ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Hydrogen Atoms ◽

Rheumatic Arthritis ◽

Ethanolic Extracts

Background. The oxygen is the ultimate electron acceptor in the electron flow system that produces energy. Problems appears when the electron flow becomes uncoupled thus, generating free radicals. While the majority of processes require oxygen, the last is a highly reactive molecule that can damage cells by producing reactive oxygen species, such as hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid, all together defined as triggers of oxidative stress. The last is involved in many types of pathologies, such as cancer, atherosclerosis and rheumatic arthritis. Antioxidants can stop formation of free radical by giving hydrogen atoms or scavenging them. The antioxidant can be defined any molecule capable of preventing or blocking oxidation of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. The reduced glutathione (GSH), as well enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GPO), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) represent antioxidants which prevent the formation of new free radicals, converting them into less harmful molecules. The present study was conducted to assess the antioxidant activity of Taraxacum officinale (TO) ethanolic extracts with different bioactive contents. This experiment was conducted with extracts prepared from dandelion (Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg) leaves. A series (10%, 20%, 25%, 40%, 50% and 80%) of ethanolic extracts were made. The influence of TO extracts on RBC’s GPO, GR, GST, glutathione (GSSG, GSH and total-GSH) and thiols (native and total) was evaluated by measuring absorbance spectrophotometrically. Conclusions. Taraxacum officinale ethanolic extracts exhibit a strong antioxidant activity. This plant is capable of preventing damage of cells during oxidative stress process, by using different targets of glutathione system. But, this activity depends of ethanol concentrations, maybe due to different bioactive content.

Download Full-text

Wild Italian Prunus spinosa L. Fruit Exerts In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity and Protects Against In Vitro and In Vivo Oxidative Stress

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9010005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Luisa Pozzo ◽

Rossella Russo ◽

Stefania Frassinetti ◽

Francesco Vizzarri ◽

Július Árvay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Food Industries ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Prunus Spinosa

Polyphenol-rich foods could have a pivotal function in the prevention of oxidative stress-based pathologies and antibacterial action. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activity, as well as the in vitro and In Vivo antioxidant capacities of wild Prunus spinosa L. fruit (PSF) from the southeast regions of Italy. The total phenolic content (TPC) was quantified, and the single polyphenols were analyzed by HPLC-DAD, showing high rutin and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid levels, followed by gallic and trans-sinapic acids. PSF extract demonstrated antimicrobial activity against some potentially pathogenic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Besides, we investigated the cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) and the hemolysis inhibition of PSF extract on human erythrocytes, evidencing both a good antioxidant power and a marked hemolysis inhibition. Furthermore, an In Vivo experiment with oxidative stress-induced rats treated with a high-fat diet (HFD) and a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) demonstrated that PSF has a dose-dependent antioxidant capacity both in liver and in brain. In conclusion, the wild Italian Prunus spinosa L. fruit could be considered a potentially useful material for both nutraceutical and food industries because of its antioxidant and antimicrobial effects.

Download Full-text