scholarly journals Rapid Identification of Rice Macronutrient Content in Saline Soils Using Smartphone Camera

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-75
Author(s):  
Aditya Nugraha Putra ◽  
Alberth Fernando Sitorus ◽  
Quid Luqmanul Hakim ◽  
Martiana Adelyanti ◽  
Istika Nita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Aerial Photos ◽  
Macronutrient Content ◽  
Digital Number

Abstract Indonesia’s rice production has decreased by 6.83% (on average) in the last five years (2015 – 2019) because of some factors. Salinity (42%) is one of the leading factors that cause decreasing rice production besides climate change (21%), drought (9%), and other factors (28%). The smartphone camera serves as an alternative technology to prevent macronutrient deficiencies due to salinity. This study used aerial photos from android with visible light (R, G, and B), and the image was taken from a height of 5 m. The observation of macronutrient content in plant biomass was carried out using a free grid to adjust rice fields and saline soil. The formula was obtained from regression analysis and paired t-test between the biomass macronutrient and the extracted digital number of aerial photographs that have been stacked. The results showed that digital number (DN) from a smartphone was reliable to predict nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) content in rice with formula N = 0.0035 * DN + 0.8192 (R 2 0.84), P = 0.0049 * DN – 0.2042 (R 2 0.70), and K = 0.0478 * DN – 2.6717 (R 2 0.70). There was no difference between the macronutrient estimation results from the formula and the field’s original data.

Distribution of proazulenes in Achillea millefolium s.l. wild populations in relation to phytosociological dependence and morphological characters

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolita Radušiene ◽  
Odeta Gudaityte
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Achillea Millefolium ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Morphological Marker ◽  
Node Number

Millefolii herba is one of the oldest and most important drugs in Lithuania, used both in folk and official medicine. The raw material is usually gathered from spontaneous populations. It would be reasonable to develop methods to identify the populations which produce high plant biomass and accumulate high levels of proazulenes. The quantitative variation of proazulenes and their relationships with phytosociological dependence and morphological characters of Achillea millefolium from wild populations has been examined. The vegetation records were made at 140 growing sites of A. millefolium. The species was found in 29 types of community representing different growing habitats. The resources of milfoils prevailed in dry grasslands of Arrhenatheretalia communities and ruderal habitats of Dauco-Meliliotion. The data on productivity and morphological characters were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis. A hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that higher productivity of A. millefolium populations was associated with their dependence on ruderal and segetal communities. The testing of A. millefolium plants revealed high variation for proazulenes in different communities. The proazulene-containing plants have been identified in 38% of all analysed cases. In the highest segetal and wasteland communities of Agropyretalia repentis, Sisybietalia, Digitario-Setarion, Aperion spicae-venti, Senecion fluviatilis only proazulene-free plants were found. Results of the ANOVA showed the proazulene-containing and proazulene-free plants significantly differed (P<0.05) for width of leaves and number of nodes. The presence of nodes in high number and narrow leaves in high proazulene-containing plants distinctly marked them from the proazulene-free plants. The study raised the possibility that selection based on the two morphological marker traits (node number and leaf width) and proazulene distribution in the populations would be effective for rapid identification of highly productive population(s) of pharmaceutical importance.

Evolution of a beach–dune system following a catastrophic storm overwash event: Greenwich Dunes, Prince Edward Island, 1936–2005

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sojan Mathew ◽  
Robin G.D. Davidson-Arnott ◽  
Jeff Ollerhead
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
National Park ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Dune System ◽  
Aerial Photos ◽  
Sand Supply ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Intense Storm ◽  
Geomorphic Units ◽  
Subsequent Stabilization

Greenwich Dunes, Prince Edward Island National Park, is a sandy mainland and barrier spit beach–dune complex stretching for about 10 km along the northeast shore of Prince Edward Island, Canada. In October 1923, surge associated with an intense storm produced catastrophic overwash along the whole length of the study area. Subsequent evolution of the system was quantified from historic aerial photographs taken in 1936, 1953, 1971, 1997, and 2005. Orthophoto mosaics were generated for each photo set using PCI Geomatica OrthoEngine, a digital photogrammetric software. Linear changes in shoreline position and areal changes in geomorphic units were evaluated for each photo set. In addition, digital elevation models (DEMs) were extracted from the 1953, 1971, and 1997 aerial photos, enabling analysis of topographic and volumetric changes. The 1936 photos show complete destruction of all foredunes, with overwash and transgressive dunes extending 300 to 600 m inland. A descriptive model of the stages of evolution of the system is proposed based on the processes controlling overwash healing and dune stabilization. Detailed topographic and volumetric changes associated with the development of an extensive transgressive dunefield and subsequent stabilization as a result of reduced sand supply due to the growth of a new vegetated foredune complex and vegetation colonization are doccumented for each stage. It was nearly 40 years before a continuous foredune system was re-established and a further 30 years before the inland transgressive dunes became completely stabilized.

Orthomosaics of Historical Aerial Photographs and Horizontal Accuracy Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Won Suh ◽  
William Ouimet
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Aerial Photos ◽  
Ground Control Points ◽  
Multiple Datasets ◽  
Standard Mapping ◽  
Lidar Dem ◽  
Air Photo

&lt;p&gt;Orthomosaics from aerial photographs play a pivotal role in understanding land-use/land cover in broad area and the advent of image processing technology allows us to produce orthoimagery. However, recent advanced technologies are seldom applied to produce historical orthophotos from early or mid 20C old aerial photos in broad extent since they have limited information (e.g. camera position, flying altitude, and yaw) which is critical information for orthomosaics. In this context, this study aims to orthomosaic and georectify historical aerial photographs and validate the horizontal accuracy of orthomosacicked outputs. In order to achieve this, firstly, we collected 117 aerial photographs of 1934 (scale 1:12,000) and 68 of 1951 (scale 1:20,000) from UConn air photo achieve focused on Woodstock town in Connecticut, USA. Secondly, we created GCPs (Ground Control Points) as referenced points where they have not changed over time by overlaying multiple datasets such as LiDAR DEM, hillshade map, recent orthoimagery. Thirdly, we align photos with Control Points (CPs), build a mesh, and build orthomosaics of 1934 and 1951, respectively, using Agisoft Photoscan 1.5. Lastly, calculating RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) and offsets comparing between set of GCPs and CPs from Lidar DEM and set of them digitized from orthomosaics. As a result, RMSE values of GCPs and CPs between 1934 and 1951 mostly show that output of this work is acceptable to use for standard mapping and GIS work or visualization based on ASPRS 1990 horizonal accuracy standard. In addition, we found several factors affect horizontal accuracy of orthomosaics; resolution of aerial photos, spatial distribution of GCPs and CPs, the number of CPs and GCPs, the percentage of lateral overlapping area along flight strips, and margin area. Overall, applying automated orthomosaicking image processing to historical aerial photographs has the potential to represent historical landscape and even detect its change in broad extent.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Arsenic mobility in saline soil and its impact on plant growth

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-161
Author(s):  
Sayeda Sabrina Ali ◽  
Monira Begum ◽  
Muhammad Harunur Rashid ◽  
SM Imamul Huq
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Arsenic Mobility ◽  
Incubation Study ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Experimental Soil

A study was conducted to investigate the mobility of arsenic in saline soil and its consequences on plant growth. Two different types of saline soils, S1 (2.0 dS/m) and S2 (5.06 dS/m), collected from the south-western part of Bangladesh were used for the experiment. There were two parts in the experiment, viz., in vitro incubation study and pot experiment. Arsenic at the rates of 0, 0.05 and 1.0 mg/l was applied to the soil with water and for plant as irrigation water. The soils under incubation were sequentially extracted with seven different extractants viz., distilled water, 1M NH4Cl, 0.01M CaCl2, 0.005M DTPA, 0.1M EDTA, 0.1M HCl and 1M HCl. A local variety of rice, BRRI 41 was grown on the experimental soil as the test crop for pot experiment. The elevated arsenic concentration in the growth medium caused higher accumulation of arsenic as well as sodium in the plant.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 29(2): 153-161, December-2016

Application of Stabilizer to Improvement the Saline Soil in Lor Nur Lacustrine

2014 ◽  
Vol 912-914 ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
Jun Ci ◽  
Yuan Fang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Lop Nur ◽  
Engineering Standards ◽  
Special Soil

Considering the Lop Nur Lacustrine plain saline soil is a special soil which with poor engineering properties such as collapsible and expansion. Through an experimental research on the saline soils stabilized by lime, cement and a polymeric solidified material was conducted. The unconfined compressive strengths and water-related stability of stabilized saline soils were discussed. It was shown that unconfined compressive strength and water-related stability of stabilized Lacustrine plain saline soils attained corresponding engineering standards and that it could be used as roadbed fillings., which could provide a reference to prevent and treatment about the dangers of Lop Nur Lacustrine plain saline soil.

scholarly journals Growth response of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp) on saline and alfisol soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
M. Soedarjo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

As an archipelago country, Indonesia is surrounded by abundant saline soils which could be potential for growing food crops. The research work was conducted to study the growth responses of some pigeon pea genotypes on saline soils. The genotypes of Pigeon pea (LG Kidul, Mega, 90024, 91043 and 94028), as treatment, were grown on Alfisol soil (non-saline) and on saline soil. The experiment was carried out using completely randomized design and replicated three times. All data observed were analyzed by employing standard deviation from 3 replicates. The results of present research work revealed a significant growth retardation of pigeon pea when grown on saline soil. All growth parameters, plant height, plant diameter, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight were significantly lower on saline soil than on Alfisol soil. High concentration of Na+ was observed in roots, shoots and leaves of pigeon pea indicating growth retardation and toxicity symptoms of pigeon pea on saline soil was due to Na+.

scholarly journals Analysis Of Aerial Photography With Drone Type Fixed Wing In Kotabaru, Lampung

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Indreswari Suroso ◽  
Erwhin Irmawan
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Aerial Photography ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Aerial Photos ◽  
Above Ground Level ◽  
The World ◽  
Air Capture ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Operational Time

In the world of photography is very closely related to the unmanned aerial vehicle called drones. Drones mounted camera so that the plane is pilot controlled from the mainland. Photography results were seen by the pilot after the drone aircraft landed. Drones are unmanned drones that are controlled remotely. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), is a flying machine that operates with remote control by the pilot. Methode for this research are preparation assembly of drone, planning altitude flying, testing on ground, camera of calibration, air capture, result of aerial photos and analysis of result aerial photos. There are two types of drones, multicopter and fixed wing. Fixed wing  has an airplane like shape with a wing system. Fixed wing use bettery 4000 mAh . Fixed wing drone in this research used   mapping in  This drone has a load ability of 1 kg and operational time is used approximately 30 minutes for an areas 20 to 50 hectares with a height of 100 m  to 200 m and payload 1 kg  above ground level. The aerial photographs in Kotabaru produce excellent aerial photographs that can help mapping the local government in the Kotabaru region.

scholarly journals Evolution of some Mediterranean landscapes of Central Italy from historical aerial photographs

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Nicolina Ripa ◽  
Francesco Ciapanna ◽  
Goffredo Filibeck ◽  
Federica Gobattoni ◽  
Antonio Leone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Aerial Photos ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Mediterranean Landscapes ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Recent Origin ◽  
Source Of Information

Aerial photos represent the main existent database providing evidence of landscape changes with high detail. The analysis of land cover changes plays a key role in understanding a great variety of phenomena in several research fields. Landscapes are made by society and reflect the changing society and attitude towards the environment. The reorientation of farming system, the practical results of planning processes, the rate and magnitude of the changes in the landscape are some of the most important factors relating to the evolution of our landscapes and are very helpful for the understanding of evolution processes and consequently for the design of landscape-orientated policies. Pressures upon the landscape and values of our landscapes can be defined according to their traditional characteristics; traditional landscapes can be defined as those landscapes having a distinct and recognizable structure, which reflect relations between the composing elements and have a significance for natural, cultural or aesthetical values. In most cases, such landscapes evolved slowly and took centuries to form their values. Sometimes land changes happen fast and spread in vast areas so that some agricultural or natural landscapes, widely perceived as traditional, have very recent origin. In this paper, some preliminary observation and case-studies performed on a set of historical photos are dealt with. In 1935, the Italian Land Register Department commissioned SARA company to survey Viterbo province between 1935-1938 through aerial photographs. During the survey, 5,000 photographs on glass plates were taken at a very low altitude, featuring a very high resolution. Thus, they represents a valuable source of information for documenting past and present land-use practices, local cultural heritage and changes in the landscape. Processing this set of historical photos has started, aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively analyse the 1935-1938 landscape patterns and their role in the development of nowadays landscapes.

scholarly journals Classification of Very High Resolution Aerial Photos Using Spectral-Spatial Convolutional Neural Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maher Ibrahim Sameen ◽  
Biswajeet Pradhan ◽  
Omar Saud Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Barren Land ◽  
Aerial Photos ◽  
Batch Normalization ◽  
Proposed Model

Classification of aerial photographs relying purely on spectral content is a challenging topic in remote sensing. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was developed to classify aerial photographs into seven land cover classes such as building, grassland, dense vegetation, waterbody, barren land, road, and shadow. The classifier utilized spectral and spatial contents of the data to maximize the accuracy of the classification process. CNN was trained from scratch with manually created ground truth samples. The architecture of the network comprised of a single convolution layer of 32 filters and a kernel size of 3 × 3, pooling size of 2 × 2, batch normalization, dropout, and a dense layer with Softmax activation. The design of the architecture and its hyperparameters were selected via sensitivity analysis and validation accuracy. The results showed that the proposed model could be effective for classifying the aerial photographs. The overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient of the best model were 0.973 and 0.967, respectively. In addition, the sensitivity analysis suggested that the use of dropout and batch normalization technique in CNN is essential to improve the generalization performance of the model. The CNN model without the techniques above achieved the worse performance, with an overall accuracy and Kappa of 0.932 and 0.922, respectively. This research shows that CNN-based models are robust for land cover classification using aerial photographs. However, the architecture and hyperparameters of these models should be carefully selected and optimized.

scholarly journals Performance of Sunflower Genotypes in Non-Saline and Saline Soils of Southern Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
MK Hossain ◽  
MM Islam ◽  
AA Mamun ◽  
SM Abdullah Al Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Head Diameter ◽  
Seed Head ◽  
Total Seed

A research work was conducted with three sunflower genotypes to evaluate their performance in saline and non-saline soil after harvesting of T. Aman rice. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. Three genotypes significantly influenced almost all the growth and yield parameters in both non-saline and saline field. Genotype Hysun-33 showed maximum germination percentage in non-saline soil but minimum in saline soil. Whereas, KUSL- 1 performed the best in saline soil but worst in non-saline condition. Hysun-33 produced maximum leaf at flowering in both conditions but minimum leaf by BARI Sunflower-2 in saline soil and by KU-SL-1 in non-saline soil. In both non-saline and saline soils, plant height at flowering, head diameter, total seed head-1 and filled seed head-1 were maximum for the genotype Hysun-33 and that of minimum for the genotype BARI Sunflower-2. Genotype KU-SL-1 showed maximum value for 1000- seed weight followed by Hysun-33 in both saline and non-saline soils. In case of seed yield head-1, Hysun-33 performed best in saline soils but worst in non-saline soil. In non-saline soil, KU-SL-1 produced maximum seed yield head-1. Biomass at harvest, head diameter and number of filled seed head-1 was well correlated with number of seed head and seed yield head-1. Thus genotype Hysun-33 may be considered as best for saline and KU-SL-1 for non-saline soil. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2018, 21(1): 1-7

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