Distribution of proazulenes in Achillea millefolium s.l. wild populations in relation to phytosociological dependence and morphological characters

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolita Radušiene ◽  
Odeta Gudaityte
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Achillea Millefolium ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Morphological Marker ◽  
Node Number

Millefolii herba is one of the oldest and most important drugs in Lithuania, used both in folk and official medicine. The raw material is usually gathered from spontaneous populations. It would be reasonable to develop methods to identify the populations which produce high plant biomass and accumulate high levels of proazulenes. The quantitative variation of proazulenes and their relationships with phytosociological dependence and morphological characters of Achillea millefolium from wild populations has been examined. The vegetation records were made at 140 growing sites of A. millefolium. The species was found in 29 types of community representing different growing habitats. The resources of milfoils prevailed in dry grasslands of Arrhenatheretalia communities and ruderal habitats of Dauco-Meliliotion. The data on productivity and morphological characters were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis. A hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that higher productivity of A. millefolium populations was associated with their dependence on ruderal and segetal communities. The testing of A. millefolium plants revealed high variation for proazulenes in different communities. The proazulene-containing plants have been identified in 38% of all analysed cases. In the highest segetal and wasteland communities of Agropyretalia repentis, Sisybietalia, Digitario-Setarion, Aperion spicae-venti, Senecion fluviatilis only proazulene-free plants were found. Results of the ANOVA showed the proazulene-containing and proazulene-free plants significantly differed (P<0.05) for width of leaves and number of nodes. The presence of nodes in high number and narrow leaves in high proazulene-containing plants distinctly marked them from the proazulene-free plants. The study raised the possibility that selection based on the two morphological marker traits (node number and leaf width) and proazulene distribution in the populations would be effective for rapid identification of highly productive population(s) of pharmaceutical importance.

scholarly journals Investigating Microbial (Micro)colony Heterogeneity by Vibrational Spectroscopy

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1461-1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.-P. Choo-Smith ◽  
K. Maquelin ◽  
T. van Vreeswijk ◽  
H. A. Bruining ◽  
G. J. Puppels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Colony Development ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Biological Heterogeneity ◽  
Spectral Variance

ABSTRACT Fourier transform infrared and Raman microspectroscopy are currently being developed as new methods for the rapid identification of clinically relevant microorganisms. These methods involve measuring spectra from microcolonies which have been cultured for as little as 6 h, followed by the nonsubjective identification of microorganisms through the use of multivariate statistical analyses. To examine the biological heterogeneity of microorganism growth which is reflected in the spectra, measurements were acquired from various positions within (micro)colonies cultured for 6, 12, and 24 h. The studies reveal that there is little spectral variance in 6-h microcolonies. In contrast, the 12- and 24-h cultures exhibited a significant amount of heterogeneity. Hierarchical cluster analysis of the spectra from the various positions and depths reveals the presence of different layers in the colonies. Further analysis indicates that spectra acquired from the surface of the colonies exhibit higher levels of glycogen than do the deeper layers of the colony. Additionally, the spectra from the deeper layers present with higher RNA levels than the surface layers. Therefore, the 6-h colonies with their limited heterogeneity are more suitable for inclusion in a spectral database to be used for classification purposes. These results also demonstrate that vibrational spectroscopic techniques can be useful tools for studying the nature of colony development and biofilm formation.

scholarly journals A Methodology Based on FT-IR Data Combined with Random Forest Model to Generate Spectralprints for the Characterization of High-Quality Vinegars

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1411
Author(s):  
José Luis P. Calle ◽  
Marta Ferreiro-González ◽  
Ana Ruiz-Rodríguez ◽  
Gerardo F. Barbero ◽  
José Á. Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin ◽  
Ft Ir

Sherry wine vinegar is a Spanish gourmet product under Protected Designation of Origin (PDO). Before a vinegar can be labeled as Sherry vinegar, the product must meet certain requirements as established by its PDO, which, in this case, means that it has been produced following the traditional solera and criadera ageing system. The quality of the vinegar is determined by many factors such as the raw material, the acetification process or the aging system. For this reason, mainly producers, but also consumers, would benefit from the employment of effective analytical tools that allow precisely determining the origin and quality of vinegar. In the present study, a total of 48 Sherry vinegar samples manufactured from three different starting wines (Palomino Fino, Moscatel, and Pedro Ximénez wine) were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The spectroscopic data were combined with unsupervised exploratory techniques such as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), as well as other nonparametric supervised techniques, namely, support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF), for the characterization of the samples. The HCA and PCA results present a clear grouping trend of the vinegar samples according to their raw materials. SVM in combination with leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) successfully classified 100% of the samples, according to the type of wine used for their production. The RF method allowed selecting the most important variables to develop the characteristic fingerprint (“spectralprint”) of the vinegar samples according to their starting wine. Furthermore, the RF model reached 100% accuracy for both LOOCV and out-of-bag (OOB) sets.

scholarly journals Chemical Fingerprinting of Cryptic Species and Genetic Lineages of Aneura pinguis (L.) Dumort. (Marchantiophyta, Metzgeriidae)

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1180
Author(s):  
Rafał Wawrzyniak ◽  
Wiesław Wasiak ◽  
Beata Jasiewicz ◽  
Alina Bączkiewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Buczkowska
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Marker Compounds

Aneura pinguis (L.) Dumort. is a representative of the simple thalloid liverworts, one of the three main types of liverwort gametophytes. According to classical taxonomy, A. pinguis represents one morphologically variable species; however, genetic data reveal that this species is a complex consisting of 10 cryptic species (named by letters from A to J), of which four are further subdivided into two or three evolutionary lineages. The objective of this work was to develop an efficient method for the characterisation of plant material using marker compounds. The volatile chemical constituents of cryptic species within the liverwort A. pinguis were analysed by GC-MS. The compounds were isolated from plant material using the HS-SPME technique. Of the 66 compounds examined, 40 were identified. Of these 40 compounds, nine were selected for use as marker compounds of individual cryptic species of A. pinguis. A guide was then developed that clarified how these markers could be used for the rapid identification of the genetic lineages of A. pinguis. Multivariate statistical analyses (principal component and cluster analysis) revealed that the chemical compounds in A. pinguis made it possible to distinguish individual cryptic species (including genetic lineages), with the exception of cryptic species G and H. The classification of samples based on the volatile compounds by cluster analysis reflected phylogenetic relationships between cryptic species and genetic lineages of A. pinguis revealed based on molecular data.

Digital Dewaxing of Raman Signals: Discrimination between Nevi and Melanoma Spectra Obtained from Paraffin-Embedded Skin Biopsies

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 564-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Tfayli ◽  
Cyril Gobinet ◽  
Valeriu Vrabie ◽  
Regis Huez ◽  
Michel Manfait ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Raman Signal ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Skin Biopsies

Malignant melanoma (MM) is the most severe tumor affecting the skin and accounts for three quarters of all skin cancer deaths. Raman spectroscopy is a promising nondestructive tool that has been increasingly used for characterization of the molecular features of cancerous tissues. Different multivariate statistical analysis techniques are used in order to extract relevant information that can be considered as functional spectroscopic descriptors of a particular pathology. Paraffin embedding (waxing) is a highly efficient process used to conserve biopsies in tumor banks for several years. However, the use of non-dewaxed formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues for Raman spectroscopic investigations remains very restricted, limiting the development of the technique as a routine analytical tool for biomedical purposes. This is due to the highly intense signal of paraffin, which masks important vibrations of the biological tissues. In addition to being time consuming and chemical intensive, chemical dewaxing methods are not efficient and they leave traces of the paraffin in tissues, which affects the Raman signal. In the present study, we use independent component analysis (ICA) on Raman spectral images collected on melanoma and nevus samples. The sources obtained from these images are then used to eliminate, using non-negativity constrained least squares (NCLS), the paraffin contribution from each individual spectrum of the spectral images of nevi and melanomas. Corrected spectra of both types of lesion are then compared and classified into dendrograms using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA).

scholarly journals Karakterisasi Morfologi dan Sifat Kuantitatif Gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) di Dataran Menengah

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Sartika Widowati ◽  
Nurul Khumaida ◽  
Sintho Wahyuning Ardie ◽  
Dan Trikoesoemaningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Character ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Weight Number

ABSTRACT<br /><br />Indonesia is one of the largest wheat importers. Suitable environmental condition for wheat needs to be studied if wheat is going to be widely cultivated in Indonesia. The adaptability of wheat grown in various climates and altitudes is one of the important aspects. The objective of this experiment was to study the quantitative and morphological character of wheat grown in middle land (540 m asl) in Bogor, West Java. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Wheat genotypes used were three national varieties (Nias, Selayar, and Dewata), four new improved varieties (Guri 3 Agritan, Guri 4 Agritan, Guri 5 Agritan, and Guri 6 Unand), and one introduced genotype (SBD). Data were collected for several quantitative variables and seventeen morphological characters based on UPOV descriptor. The result showed that wheat growth was restricted in Bogor. Genotype determined plant height, leaf number, ear length, root length, number of spikelet, harvest time, seed weight, number of tillers, and plant biomass. Based on ear length, grain weight, and plant biomass, Guri 3 Agritan had the highest production than the other genotypes.<br /><br />Keywords: diversity, genetic relationship, high temperature, introduced genotype, phylogenetic<br /><br />

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analysis of Fertilization Effects on the Biosynthesis of Sesquiterpenes in Essential Oils from Phoebe Bournei Twigs and Leaves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Liu ◽  
Gongxiu He ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Dangquan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Compound Fertilizer ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Fertilization Effects ◽  
Phoebe Bournei

Abstract Background: Phoebe bournei is a potential medicinal plant whose essential oil (EO) from leaves has potential inhibitory activities against some bacterium, tumor, and has a certain potential for hypoglycemic activity. Fertilization is a common and effective method to increase plant biomass, which can increase the raw material of essential oil, but has a certain impact on the composition and biological activity of plant essential oil. Results: The main components are sesquiterpenes in the essential oils from leaves and twigs. The yield of the essential oils and the content of their main components can be modulated by compost and compound fertilizer, to different degrees, and minor differences were registered among the categories of the components in essential oils. However, changes were strongly mirrored in some main components of essential oils. The content of the primary (+) - calarene in the leaf EO were strongly increased by compost, but the opposite happened by compound fertilizer. On the contrary, the effect of compound fertilizer was more significant on the main components of twig essential oil than compost. The transcriptome sequencing results of P. bournei showed that the total number of DEGs in twigs and leaves treated with compost were significantly more than that with compound fertilizer. No change was found in the expression of genes regulating principal components. However, the expression of several key genes regulating the upstream substrates for the synthesis of the sesquiterpenes was significantly changed: the expression of two key speed limiting enzymes genes (DXS and HMGR) and two important branch-point enzyme genes (FPPS and GGPPS) was significantly down regulated, while the expression of gene (HMGS) was significantly up-regulated.Conclusion: The expression levels of genes (DXS2, HMGR, FPPS and GGPPS) were significantly down regulated in leaves treated with compost, resulting in the changes of the yield and main components of the leaf essential oil. The effect of compost was more significant on the synthesis of the essential oil from P. bournei leaves than that of compound fertilizer.

scholarly journals Fast screening of some flavonoids content in raw plant materials: opportunities of 1H NMR spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Gennady Kalabin ◽  
Vasilii Vasil’ev ◽  
Vasilii Ivlev ◽  
Vasilii Babkin
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Fast Screening ◽  
Raw Plant Materials

Environmental monitoring and assessment of the prospects for extracting biologically active substances (BAS) from various types of plant biomass requires the development of simple and fast methods for measuring their content in raw materials. A new approach for measuring the content of various flavonoids groups in plant raw material using 1H NMR spectroscopy has been developed, which allows to characterize its resource capabilities and study the effects on their composition different environmental factors without complex sample preparation and standard samples.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptome analysis of Pteroceltis tatarinowii Maxim., an endemic fiber tree

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-557
Author(s):  
Hui-Jin Liu ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Yan-Nian Xu ◽  
Xiao-Ping Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Hong Li
Keyword(s):  
Protein Gene ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Significant Expression

The bark of Pteroceltis tatarinowii Maxim., an endemic tree in Ulmaceae, is the main raw material for manufacturing Xuan Paper which is widely used in calligraphy and painting field. The characteristics of P. tatarinowii bark is the main limiting factor for the quality of Xuan Paper specially the content of cellulose and lignin. The molecular basis related to cellulose and lignin synthesis in P. tatarinowii would be helpful to understand and seek higher quality raw materials for Xuan Paper. RNA-seq was utilized to reveal transcriptome differences in P. tatarinowii from three far isolated localities (AL, JX and XA) under different climate environments. A total of 290 million reads were generated for further analysis in three libraries. In total, 2,850, 2,038 and 1,986 DEGs were identified in XA, JX and AL, respectively. Compared with the sample from XA, there were 822 up-regulated and 1706 down-regulated in AL sample. AL sample has 611 up-regulated genes and 647 down-regulated genes in comparison with JX sample. Comparing XA and JX samples, 443 were up-regulated and 1,783 were down-regulated in XA. Three samples had similar GO enrichment patterns. There were 19 and 9 genes identified as CESA and CSL (E-value less than 1.0E-20), respectively. Although no significant expression differences were found in three samples, KOB1, GPI-anchored protein gene and CTL1 were differently expressed, and KOB1 and GPI-anchored protein gene were up-regulated in JX. A number of the unigenes (474) that were involved in ‘phenylpropanoid biosynthesis’, were mostly not differently expressed. Only a few genes annotated as PAL, 4CL, C4H and CAD were significantly different in expression. In AL, 3 CAD and 1 PAL were up-regulated, whereas 6 CAD, 3 4CL and 1 HCT were up-regulated in XA, and 1 PAL, 2 4CL, 2 C4H in JX. JX sample had the highest cellulose content and XA sample had the highest lignin content, which being consistent with the hierarchical cluster analysis of differently expressed genes. Differences in the expression of these genes might influence the cellulose and lignin content.

Geographic variation in body size of American mink ( Mustela vison ) / Variation géographique de la taille du corps chez le vison d'Amérique ( Mustela vison )

Mammalia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T. Stevens ◽  
Michael L. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
American Mink ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Mustela Vison ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Geographic Proximity ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Individual Variables ◽  
Variation Géographique

AbstractSpatial variation in 26 morphological characters of American mink ( Mustela vison ) from 35 localities in North America was investigated using univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Localities were chosen based on watersheds, and it was hypothesized that high levels of gene flow in minks would prevent partitioning of body size variation within watersheds. All 26 characters in males and 25 of 26 in females exhibited significant interlocality variation. The patterns of variation in body size resulting from principal components analysis indicated that, for both sexes, minks were largest in Alaska, Manitoba, and Alberta; smallest minks were found in Florida and Quebec. There did not appear to be a relationship between body size and geographic proximity. Environmental factors collectively were found to be related to body size, although individual variables were not typically significant. Of 16 environmental variables examined, only longitude was correlated with body size in both sexes, with largest minks in the west and smallest in the east. Latitude was also correlated with body size in females. It was concluded that variation in body size of mink was likely the result of more than one factor that includes both biotic and abiotic features.

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