scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Cementite Particles in Fe-0.67% C Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 631-634
Author(s):  
P. Matusiewicz ◽  
A. Czarski
Keyword(s):  
Pair Correlation ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Distance Information ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Planar Section ◽  
Point Field ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Material Space ◽  
The One

The particles arrangement in material space is represented by point field determined by the particle reference points, i.e., particle centers which can be described by the pair-correlation function (PCF) g3(r); r - correlation distance. Information about g3(r) can be obtained by stereological method based on the PCF g2(r), which describes the point field on the planar section determined by the centers of particle planar sections. In this paper the arrangement of cementite (Fe3C) particles during coarsening in Fe - 0,67%C steel at 715ºC in a form of two materials (A, B) of different microstructure of the coarse spheroidite (with different matrix grain size and particles position) was investigated. In material A, the particles are mainly at grain (subgrain) boundaries of fine-grained matrix. In material B, particles are mainly inside grains of coarse-grained ferrite. For material A, the empirical PCF g2(r) for a long time of coarsening (600 hours) is shifted towards larger r and is more flat near the g2(r) =1 than the one of coarsening for 50 hours. For material B, the g2(r) for both annealing times are not significantly different. This is consistent with the results of the probability density function f2(d) analysis for diameter (d) of the particle sections. Obtained PCF g2(r) are similar to the PCF g2(r) for planar section of the Stienen model. This means that for both type of microstructures the PCF - g3(r) =1, i.e., particles are distributed randomly in space and the sizes of the neighboring particles are correlated with each other.

On the use of translation corpora in contrastive linguistics

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Gast
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Testing Hypotheses ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Contrastive Linguistics ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The One ◽  
Impersonal Pronoun ◽  
Impersonal Pronouns

This article argues for a type of corpus-based contrastive research that is item-specific, predictive and hypothesis-driven. It reports on a programmatic study of the ways in which impersonalization is expressed in English and German. Impersonalization is taken to be epitomized by human impersonal pronouns like German man (e.g. Man lebt nur einmal ‘You/one only live(s) once’). English does not have a specialized impersonal pronoun like Germ. man and uses a variety of strategies instead. The question arises what determines the choice of a given impersonalization strategy in English. Drawing on relevant theoretical work and using data from a translation corpus (Europarl), variables potentially affecting the distribution of impersonalization strategies in English are identified, and their influence on the choice of a strategy is determined. By testing hypotheses derived from theoretical work and using multivariate quantitative methods of analysis, the study is intended to illustrate how bridges can be built between fine-grained semantic analyses, on the one hand, and more coarse-grained, but empirically valid, corpus research, on the other.

scholarly journals The Failure of Structural Metals Subjected to Strain-Cycling Conditions

1959 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Swindeman ◽  
D. A. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Rupture Life ◽  
Thermal Strain ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Structural Metals ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Cycles To Failure ◽  
Strain Cycling

Data showing the isothermal strain-cycling capacity of three metals, Inconel, Hastelloy B, and beryllium are presented. It is noted that at frequencies of 0.5 cycle per min the data satisfied an equation of the form Nαϵp = K, where N is the number of cycles to failure, ϵp is the plastic strain per cycle, and α and K are constants whose values depend on the material and test conditions. Data on Inconel are given to establish the effect of grain size, specimen geometry, temperature, and frequency. It is found that, at temperatures above 1300 F, grain size and frequency exert a pronounced effect on the rupture life. Fine-grained metal survives more cycles before failure than coarse-grained material. Long time cycles shorten the number of cycles to failure when the strain per cycle is low. Thermal-strain-cycling data for Inconel are compared to strain-cycling data at the same mean temperature. Good correlation is found to exist between the two types of tests.

scholarly journals A record of deglaciation-related shifting of the proximal zone of a sandur — a case study from the Gwda sandur, NW Poland (MIS 2)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Mleczak ◽  
Małgorzata Pisarska-Jamroży
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Depositional Processes ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Sedimentary Succession ◽  
Late Weichselian ◽  
Proximal Zone ◽  
Nw Poland

AbstractThe study analyses a 7.5-m-thick sedimentary succession deposited in the largest sandur (the Gwda sandur, a glacial outwash plain) in NW Poland, during the late Weichselian (MIS 2). Although the study site is located in the distal zone of the sandur, its sedimentological features and palaeohydrological parameters reflect the presence of an energetic, powerful environment typical of the proximal zone. Three sedimentary units were recognized in the studied sedimentary succession: (1) lower unit — fine-grained sands with ripple cross-lamination and horizontal lamination; (2) middle unit — gravelly coarse-grained sands and sandy gravels with planar cross-stratification; and, (3) upper unit — sands and gravelly sands with trough cross-stratification. Although the age of deposition of the sandur is accepted to be convergent with that of end-moraines of the same phase, the sediments in the distal zone of the Gwda sandur correlate with an earlier glaciation phase/subphase. Our findings hint at a complex problem: large sandurs such as the Gwda sandur were probably deposited over a long time, and their successions might record the textural and structural features of the proximal subenvironment, even in their distal parts due to deglaciation-related shifting of the proximal zone of a sandur. This paper presents a new approach to analysing the depositional processes in large sandurs, shows a new light on glaciofluvial water supply dynamics of distal parts of sandurs, and may solve several fundamental problems related to the sandur deposition.

scholarly journals FiCoS: A fine-grained and coarse-grained GPU-powered deterministic simulator for biochemical networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. e1009410
Author(s):  
Andrea Tangherloni ◽  
Marco S. Nobile ◽  
Paolo Cazzaniga ◽  
Giulia Capitoli ◽  
Simone Spolaor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphics Processing Units ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biochemical Networks ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Stiff Systems ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
The One ◽  
Graphics Processing

Mathematical models of biochemical networks can largely facilitate the comprehension of the mechanisms at the basis of cellular processes, as well as the formulation of hypotheses that can be tested by means of targeted laboratory experiments. However, two issues might hamper the achievement of fruitful outcomes. On the one hand, detailed mechanistic models can involve hundreds or thousands of molecular species and their intermediate complexes, as well as hundreds or thousands of chemical reactions, a situation generally occurring in rule-based modeling. On the other hand, the computational analysis of a model typically requires the execution of a large number of simulations for its calibration or to test the effect of perturbations. As a consequence, the computational capabilities of modern Central Processing Units can be easily overtaken, possibly making the modeling of biochemical networks a worthless or ineffective effort. To the aim of overcoming the limitations of the current state-of-the-art simulation approaches, we present in this paper FiCoS, a novel “black-box” deterministic simulator that effectively realizes both a fine-grained and a coarse-grained parallelization on Graphics Processing Units. In particular, FiCoS exploits two different integration methods, namely, the Dormand–Prince and the Radau IIA, to efficiently solve both non-stiff and stiff systems of coupled Ordinary Differential Equations. We tested the performance of FiCoS against different deterministic simulators, by considering models of increasing size and by running analyses with increasing computational demands. FiCoS was able to dramatically speedup the computations up to 855×, showing to be a promising solution for the simulation and analysis of large-scale models of complex biological processes.

scholarly journals Large scale Malware analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Bertão ◽  
Paulo Licio de Geus
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Malware Analysis ◽  
Individual Sample ◽  
Incident Response ◽  
Sample Analysis ◽  
Security Breaches ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
The One

Malware overview reports are valuable information to understand threats behavior and develop proper countermeasures. Currently, most of these studies are focused on either fine-grained, individual sample analysis or coarse-grained landscapes. On the one hand, only the first allows professionals to handle specific security breaches. On the other hand, only the second allows understanding threat scenario as a whole. We claim that a complete security treatment is only possible when combining both approaches. Therefore, this work presents an analysis of a large malware dataset, showing the distinctions between coarse-grained and fine-grained analysis results. It presents both a general threat scenario based on coarse-grained results as well as it details fine-grained results to identify particular malicious constructions to anticipate incident response of future threats.

scholarly journals Mundus Vult Decipi RuPaul’s Drag Race as Part of the Culture Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-87
Author(s):  
Eelke André Verhagen
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Reality Television ◽  
Culture Industry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Concrete Application ◽  
The One

In this article I examine the ways in which the competitive reality television franchiseRuPaul’s Drag Race(RPDR), immensely popular withWestern LGBTQ+-communities, can be considered a product of what Theodor W. Adorno and Max Horkheimer identified as the Culture Industry (CI). On the one hand,this allows for a concrete application of the CI-thesis and the exploration of possible lines of critique concerning RPDR and its effects on its viewership, while,on the other hand,it is an opportunity to evaluate the aptitude of the CI-thesis for critical analysis in the 21st century. While the concepts related to the CI-thesis turn out to be remarkably productive, its latent totalitarian and pessimistic framework tends to skew any analysis. This may warrant supplementing its coarse-grained perspective with a more fine-grained empirical investigation

Correlation between dislocation, grain boundary and interface of duplex SS in stress corrosion cracking(SCC)

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 928-929
Author(s):  
Wang Zheng-fang ◽  
Z.F. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Thermal Cycle ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Evaluation Test ◽  
Welding Thermal Cycle ◽  
Micro Analysis

The main purpose of this study highlights on the evaluation of chloride SCC resistance of the material,duplex stainless steel,OOCr18Ni5Mo3Si2 (18-5Mo) and its welded coarse grained zone(CGZ).18-5Mo is a dual phases (A+F) stainless steel with yield strength:512N/mm2 .The proportion of secondary Phase(A phase) accounts for 30-35% of the total with fine grained and homogeneously distributed A and F phases(Fig.1).After being welded by a specific welding thermal cycle to the material,i.e. Tmax=1350°C and t8/5=20s,microstructure may change from fine grained morphology to coarse grained morphology and from homogeneously distributed of A phase to a concentration of A phase(Fig.2).Meanwhile,the proportion of A phase reduced from 35% to 5-10°o.For this reason it is known as welded coarse grained zone(CGZ).In association with difference of microstructure between base metal and welded CGZ,so chloride SCC resistance also differ from each other.Test procedures:Constant load tensile test(CLTT) were performed for recording Esce-t curve by which corrosion cracking growth can be described, tf,fractured time,can also be recorded by the test which is taken as a electrochemical behavior and mechanical property for SCC resistance evaluation. Test environment:143°C boiling 42%MgCl2 solution is used.Besides, micro analysis were conducted with light microscopy(LM),SEM,TEM,and Auger energy spectrum(AES) so as to reveal the correlation between the data generated by the CLTT results and micro analysis.

Alkohol im Tank – Bio-Kraftstoffe und die Grenzen moderner Mobilität

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (136) ◽  
pp. 455-468
Author(s):  
Hartwig Berger
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
The Third ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
The Future ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Food Market ◽  
The One ◽  
The Third World

The article discusses the future of mobility in the light of energy resources. Fossil fuel will not be available for a long time - not to mention its growing environmental and political conflicts. In analysing the potential of biofuel it is argued that the high demands of modern mobility can hardly be fulfilled in the future. Furthermore, the change into using biofuel will probably lead to increasing conflicts between the fuel market and the food market, as well as to conflicts with regional agricultural networks in the third world. Petrol imperialism might be replaced by bio imperialism. Therefore, mobility on a solar base pursues a double strategy of raising efficiency on the one hand and strongly reducing mobility itself on the other.

Making it abstract, making it contestable: Gender/sex as a politicized concept

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Mazzuca ◽  
Matteo Santarelli
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Biological Feature ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
Cognitive Sciences ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Cultural Construct ◽  
Science Framework ◽  
The One

The concept of gender has been the battleground of scientific and political speculations for a long time. On the one hand, some accounts contended that gender is a biological feature, while on the other hand some scholars maintained that gender is a socio-cultural construct (e.g., Butler, 1990; Risman, 2004). Some of the questions that animated the debate on gender over history are: how many genders are there? Is gender rooted in our biological asset? Are gender and sex the same thing? All of these questions entwine one more crucial, and often overlooked interrogative. How is it possible for a concept to be the purview of so many disagreements and conceptual redefinitions? The question that this paper addresses is therefore not which specific account of gender is preferable. Rather, the main question we will address is how and why is even possible to disagree on how gender should be considered. To provide partial answers to these questions, we suggest that gender/sex (van Anders, 2015; Fausto-Sterling, 2019) is an illustrative example of politicized concepts. We show that no concepts are political in themselves; instead, some concepts are subjected to a process involving a progressive detachment from their supposed concrete referent (i.e., abstractness), a tension to generalizability (i.e., abstraction), a partial indeterminacy (i.e., vagueness), and the possibility of being contested (i.e., contestability). All of these features differentially contribute to what we call the politicization of a concept. In short, we will claim that in order to politicize a concept, a possible strategy is to evidence its more abstract facets, without denying its more embodied and perceptual components (Borghi et al., 2019). So, we will first outline how gender has been treated in psychological and philosophical discussions, to evidence its essentially contestable character thereby showing how it became a politicized concept. Then we will review some of the most influential accounts of political concepts, arguing that currently they need to be integrated with more sophisticated distinctions (e.g., Koselleck, 2004). The notions gained from the analyses of some of the most important accounts of political concepts in social sciences and philosophy will allow us to implement a more dynamic approach to political concepts. Specifically, when translated into the cognitive science framework, these reflections will help us clarifying some crucial aspects of the nature of politicized concepts. Bridging together social and cognitive sciences, we will show how politicized concepts are abstract concepts, or better abstract conceptualizations.

scholarly journals On Performance of Sparse Fast Fourier Transform Algorithms Using the Aliasing Filter

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1117
Author(s):  
Bin Li ◽  
Zhikang Jiang ◽  
Jie Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fast Fourier Transform ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Long Time ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Binary Tree Search ◽  
The One ◽  
Sparse Fast Fourier Transform ◽  
L1 And L2

Computing the sparse fast Fourier transform (sFFT) has emerged as a critical topic for a long time because of its high efficiency and wide practicability. More than twenty different sFFT algorithms compute discrete Fourier transform (DFT) by their unique methods so far. In order to use them properly, the urgent topic of great concern is how to analyze and evaluate the performance of these algorithms in theory and practice. This paper mainly discusses the technology and performance of sFFT algorithms using the aliasing filter. In the first part, the paper introduces the three frameworks: the one-shot framework based on the compressed sensing (CS) solver, the peeling framework based on the bipartite graph and the iterative framework based on the binary tree search. Then, we obtain the conclusion of the performance of six corresponding algorithms: the sFFT-DT1.0, sFFT-DT2.0, sFFT-DT3.0, FFAST, R-FFAST, and DSFFT algorithms in theory. In the second part, we make two categories of experiments for computing the signals of different SNRs, different lengths, and different sparsities by a standard testing platform and record the run time, the percentage of the signal sampled, and the L0, L1, and L2 errors both in the exactly sparse case and the general sparse case. The results of these performance analyses are our guide to optimize these algorithms and use them selectively.

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