Dietary habits in the context of body composition of young adult females

Abstract Appropriate dietary habits and healthy nutrition play a part in weight control. Set positive principles make precondition for satisfactory state of the body and its composition. Body mass index (BMI) is most commonly used to assess optimal body mass in relation to health risks. However, BMI does not enable the representation of individual body components and may lead to misdiagnosis in one person. The aim of our study was to evaluate dietary habits and selected body composition parameters based on BMI. Moreover, we evaluated these parameters in relation to the daily frequency of meals. The research group consisted of 318 female students of pedagogical disciplines of Palacký University in Olomouc, aged between 18 and 30 years. (22.3±2.5 years). The survey was conducted in March 2018 and 2019. Data on dietary habits were acquired through a questionnaire survey that focused on the daily frequency of meals. Multi-frequency bioimpedance analysis using InBody 720 analyser was used to determine body composition parameters. In the normal weight BMI (BMI_N) category, the selected parameters (BFP: body fat percentage, VFA: visceral fat, FFM: fat-free mass) based on general recommendations for body composition are met. In the overweight and obesity (BMI_O) category, the mean BFP values fall, as expected, into the obesity category (≥35%). We may conclude that statistically significantly lower relative risk of damage to health assessed by the body fat and visceral fat (BFM, BFP, VFA, BFMI) was found to be significantly lower in women who consume 5 meals per day compared to women who consume 4 or less daily portions of food. The differences between the BMI categories for individual meals during the day were statistically insignificant for the group we investigated. We evaluate the dietary habits positively based on the low frequency of skipping meals.

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Seasonal and Longitudinal Changes in Body Composition by Sport-Position in NCAA Division I Basketball Athletes

Sports ◽

10.3390/sports6030085 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 85 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jennifer Fields ◽

Justin Merrigan ◽

Jason White ◽

Margaret Jones

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Ncaa Division I ◽

The Body ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Strength And Conditioning ◽

Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽

Within Subjects

The purpose of this study was to assess the body composition of male and female basketball athletes (n = 323) across season, year, and sport-position using air displacement plethysmography. An independent sample t-test assessed sport-position differences. An analysis of variance was used to assess within-subjects across season (pre-season, in-season, and off-season), and academic year (freshman, sophomore, and junior). For both men and women basketball (MBB, WBB) athletes, guards had the lowest body fat, fat mass, fat free mass, and body mass. No seasonal differences were observed in MBB, but following in-season play for WBB, a reduction of (p = 0.03) in fat free mass (FFM) was observed. Across years, MBB showed an increase in FFM from freshman to sophomore year, yet remained unchanged through junior year. For WBB across years, no differences occurred for body mass (BM), body fat (BF%), and fat mass (FM), yet FFM increased from sophomore to junior year (p = 0.009). Sport-position differences exist in MBB and WBB: Guards were found to be smaller and leaner than forwards. Due to the importance of body composition (BC) on athletic performance, along with seasonal and longitudinal shifts in BC, strength and conditioning practitioners should periodically assess athletes BC to ensure preservation of FFM. Training and nutrition programming can then be adjusted in response to changes in BC.

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Body fat percentage in adolescents from Curitiba-PR metropolitan region: reference data using LMS method

Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance ◽

10.5007/1980-0037.2018v20n5p373 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 373-380

Author(s):

Wagner Luis Ripka ◽

Eduardo Esmanhoto ◽

Leandra Ulbricht

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Fat ◽

Reference Method ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Body ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Lms Method

Percentile indicators, aided in its development by biomedical engineering, relative to body fat distribution in adolescents are able to help health professionals in better diagnosing overweight and obesity. The aim of this study was to calculate percentile values to body fat in adolescents aged between 12 and 17 years from the Curitiba-PR and its metropolitan region composed of 29 municipalities, having as reference method the dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) technology. After applying inclusion criteria for the adolescents, anthropometric measures of body fat and stature were taken, as well as evaluation of the body composition through DXA. The statistical analysis was grounded in the presentation of percentilic values developed by Cole and Green’s LMS method, where L stands for the skewness curve, M for the mean curve and S for the variance curve. In total, 390 boys were evaluated. The fat percentage values tend to show a decrease between the ages of 12 (22.8±5.1%) and 16 years (17.9±2.9%). Moreover, for the superior percentiles: 90th and 97th re-start to increase at the age of 17 after showing a decrease in the previous years. The L, M and S parameters, altogether with the percentiles created to evaluate body fat are interesting tools to tendency and evolution analyses, as well as to enable inferences to be made about the body composition of adolescents.

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Body Mass Index and Measures of Body Fat for Defining Obesity and Underweight: A Cross-Sectional of Various Specialties in Montenegrin Army Soldiers

Iranian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.18502/ijph.v49i12.4821 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Stevo POPOVIC ◽

Boris BANJEVIC ◽

Bojan MASANOVIC ◽

Dusko BJELICA

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Armed Forces ◽

The Body ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

General Terms

Background: The body composition and physical fitness of members of the army is always a relevant topic for research, since the level of defense and security of people and material goods in a specific territory in many ways depends on the level of ability of the army. However, members of the armed forces are a heterogeneous group, typified by different abilities, characteristics, but also everyday needs, and the trend of changing body composition and reducing physical fitness is a current issue that has not bypassed this population either. Therefore, this study aimed to determine possible differences in body composition indicators that could appear between members of the Army of Montenegro of different military specialties. Methods: The sample of respondents included 240 Montenegrin male soldiers (32.5yr±9.5), who were measured at the sports dispensaries within the barracks of Montenegrin Army around the country in the spring of 2020, was classified into eight numerically equal subsamples according to their military specialty. The sample of variables included five anthropometric measures, which were necessary to calculate two derived body composition indicators: Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body Fat Percentage (FAT %). Using the one-way ANOVA and Post Hoc test with Taki’s model, the variables were analyzed. Results: It was determined that the body composition of Montenegrin soldiers shows a certain peculiarity compared to other national military corps, while there are differences in body composition indicators between members of the Montenegrin Army of different military specialties. Conclusion: This fact dramatically strengthens the issues of Montenegrin distinctive regarding body composition, both in general terms and in terms of distinctive within specific professional vocations.

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Assessment of the Body Composition and Parameters of the Cardiovascular Risk in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/619023 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ewa Jednacz ◽

Lidia Rutkowska-Sak

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Fat Percentage

The study was aimed to evaluate cardiovascular risk parameters, body mass index (BMI) centiles for sex and age, and body fat percentage using the electric bioimpedance method in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). 30 children with JIA participated in the study. A control group included 20 children. Patients were well matched for the age and sex. The body mass and body fat percentage were determined using the segmental body composition analyser; the BMI centiles were determined. All patients had the following parameters determined: lipid profile, hsCRP, homocysteine, and IL-6. The intima media thickness (IMT) was measured. Patients with JIA had significantly lower body weight, BMI, and the BMI centile compared to the control group. The IL-6 levels were significantly higher in patients with JIA compared to the control group. There were no differences between two groups with regard to the lipid profile, % content of the fat tissue, homocysteine levels, hsCRP, and IMT. Further studies are necessary to search for reasons for lower BMI and BMI centile in children with JIA and to attempt to answer the question of whether lower BMI increases the cardiovascular risk in these patients, similarly as in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

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Association between Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Physical Fitness with Body Composition Parameters in 1717 European Adolescents: The AdolesHealth Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12010077 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 77 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Pablo Galan-Lopez ◽

Antonio J. Sanchez-Oliver ◽

Maret Pihu ◽

Thórdís Gísladóttír ◽

Raúl Domínguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Chi Square ◽

The Mediterranean

Obesity, low levels of physical fitness, and unhealthy eating patterns are responsible for part of the health problems of adolescents today. The current study aimed at examining the association between the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), through each answer to the items of the Adherence to the MD Questionnaire (KIDMED), and physical fitness with body composition parameters (body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat, and waist circumference) in 1717 European adolescents (N = 900 boys, N = 817 girls). Data of body composition, physical fitness results, and the answers to KIDMED were analyzed by the Student’s t-test. Additionally, the effect size (ES) was calculated and a Chi-square test analyzed the proportion of participants with and without over waist circumference, overfat, and overweight in each KIDMED question. The relative risk of suffering over waist circumference, overfat and overweight in relation to the responses was calculated by Odd-Ratio. Adherence to the MD did not influence the condition of over waist circumference, overfat and overweight, although certain dietary habits were identified as risk factors for their development. Over waist circumference, overfat, and overweight boys and girls presented higher levels of body mass, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and BMI (p < 0.001; ES = 1.73–3.38), as well as lower levels of all the parameters of the physical fitness analyzed (p < 0.001; ES = 0.45–1.08), except the handgrip test. A direct relationship between fitness and over waist circumference, overfat, and overweight was found.

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Evaluation of the relationship between body composition and weight-height index – BMI

Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.5564 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 73 ◽

pp. 572-580

Author(s):

Katarzyna Banach ◽

Paweł Glibowski ◽

Paulina Skorek

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Body ◽

Impedance Method ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Obese People ◽

The Relationship

Aim: Body composition, especially the mass of adipose tissue, affects the risk of developing the metabolic and cardiovascular diseases as well as some cancers. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the body composition of adults and their Body Mass Index. Material/Methods: The study involved 120 subjects (69 women and 51 men) aged 19 – 66 (30.55 ± 10.41). The recruited subjects were assigned to three subgroups: with normal body weight, overweight and obesity, depending on the BMI value. There were 40 subjects in each subgroup, including 23 women and 17 men. Besides the measurements of height and body mass, the SECA mBCA515 analyser was applied for the body composition analysis using the bioelectric impedance method. Results: A significant association was found between the BMI index and fat mass, lean mass and muscle mass, both in the whole group and after taking into account the sex. The correlation coefficient R range was from –0.88 to 0.97. The incidence of obesity in the studied group according to body fat content criteria (>25% for men and >30% for women) was 57%, while according to BMI criteria –33%. BMI cut-off points for obesity were 27.8, 26.4 and 26.4 kg/m2 for men, women and for all, respectively. Conclusions: In epidemiological studies, to identify obese people, body fat should also be taken into account in addition to BMI. If obesity is understood as excess fat, and not excess weight, the cut-off points for BMI-based obesity should be lowered.

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Public health semantics of the YY paradox

10.7287/peerj.preprints.1476v1 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Mili Mishra ◽

Anup K Srivastava ◽

Vinod K Srivastava

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

North India ◽

Similar Proportion ◽

Body Volume ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Skeletal Mass ◽

3D Scanners

Background: Body Mass Index (BMI) has lost its credibility as an indicator of fatness. 3D scan and body composition details of Yajnik and Yudnik, the authors with similar BMI but very different body fat percentage was labelled as ‘YY paradox’. 3D scanners are not widely available; as such dependence on less specific tools is still high. It was assumed that such paradoxes may frequently occur in anthropometrically derived body composition indices and paucity of such information prompted us to explore the nature and usage of YY paradox. Methods: Body composition of 89 medical students from North India was studied using bioelectric-impedance fat monitor and anthropometric techniques. YY phenomenon were identified and studied in 1) same BMI but different body fat (Classic YY), 2) same BVI but different BMI (yy BVI~BMI), 3) same Skeletal mass/body fat but different body volume (yy SKM/BF ~ BV) and 4) same Lean Body mass/body fat but different body volume (yy LBM/BF ~ BV). Results: The study population comprised young adults aged 18 -26 years. Males comprised 51.7 % of the study group. YY phenomenon was found in 44 individuals with respect to same BMI but different body fat; 47 individuals of same BVI but different BMI. Of all the indices studied, lowest number of YYs were found in yy LBM/BF ~ BV index. 14.6% study subjects had high visceral fat. Odds Ratio (OR) for high visceral fat in all the studied indices among subjects showing yy-phenomenon and those not showing yy-phenomenon revealed an OR of 1.09 (CI 0.3-3.7) for yy LBM/BF ~ BV index. This suggests that high visceral fat (VF) is the same in both groups and implies that there is no difference between the two arms i.e., YY and non-YY group contains approximately similar proportion of subjects with high VF. Conclusion: We found a high frequency of such paradoxes in this population and also demonstrated that these are not normally distributed. It is also suggested that a deeper look in this issue could be used for deriving predictive models for disease linked anthropometric markers.

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Body composition assessment among adults in Thika, Kiambu county, Kenya

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20192879 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 2568

Author(s):

Mututho L. N. ◽

Kiboi W. K. ◽

Waihenya R. N.

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Fat ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

The Body ◽

Hydration Status ◽

P Value ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Body Composition Assessment ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Research has shown that body composition is directly related to health. Altered body composition, can greatly increase the risks of conditions such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis fosters early detection of an improper balance in the body composition, which allows for earlier intervention and prevention.Methods: This was a cross sectional analysis of body composition for adults who volunteered to be screened during a Nutrition week in Kiambu County, Kenya. A total of 301 adults were included in the assessment. Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body composition (body fat %, bone mass, muscle mass, visceral fat and water %) were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis.Results: The age of the participants ranged from 18-99 years (mean 42.19±16.57 years). Most of the participants were males (53.5%). More than half (53.2%) of the participants had a poor BMI, 37.2% had high total body fat percentage, 12.6% had excess levels of visceral fat and 26.6% had poor water hydration status. Age (OR=0.095; p value <0.001; CI 0.033-0272) and visceral fat (r=0.74; p value <0.001) were significantly associated with the BMI. Females had a significantly higher BMI (P <0.001). Visceral fat was also positively correlated with age: r=0.74; P value <0.001.Conclusions: Sex, age and BMI were important determinants of body composition. Increased physical activity, appropriate dietary practices are crucial in maintaining a healthy BMI and body composition. For timely intervention regular nutrition screening should be promoted among different populations.

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Public health semantics of the YY paradox

10.7287/peerj.preprints.1476 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Mili Mishra ◽

Anup K Srivastava ◽

Vinod K Srivastava

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

North India ◽

Similar Proportion ◽

Body Volume ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Skeletal Mass ◽

3D Scanners

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Body Mass Index, Percent Body Fat and Visceral Fat in Relation to Dietary Fat and Fiber Intake among University Females

Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal ◽

10.12944/crnfsj.3.3.09 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 256-262

Author(s):

Rafia Bano ◽

Eyad AlShammari ◽

Aljawharah Almedan

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Fat ◽

Dietary Fat ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Body ◽

Percent Body Fat ◽

Fiber Intake

Recent economic upliftment has brought many changes in the food choices and eating habits from home made to fast foods. This shift in the area of nutrition has given rise to overweight and obesity. Considering this the present study was planned to 1) determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in a sample of university students 2) Find the relationship between the body composition and dietary fat and fibre intake. A total of 300 university females, 18-30+ years were randomly selected from all the colleges at the University of Hail for the present study. A Self-administered questionnaire was given, and the Body composition were measured with the help of bio-electric impedance analysis technique. Data were analysed using SPSS -17 software. The results indicated that 22% of the students were overweight and 21.3% were obese. The mean percent body fat as well as visceral fat exceeded its normal limits in around 44% of the participants. Vegetables and fruits, except dates, were not frequently consumed by most of the participants with a mean intake of fibre as 14g/day. Significant positive correlations were found among Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Fat% and Visceral Fat level. Strong positive correlation was also found between BMI and fat intake (P< 0.01), whereas the body composition and fiber intake was found to be inversely correlated (P<0.01). Findings of present study suggest that there is need for coordinated efforts at all levels to reduce the prevalence of obesity and high percentage of body fat, and to develop healthy eating habits in young generation.

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