scholarly journals Ethanolic Extracts from Agro-Industrial Co-Products Enhance Oxidative Stability of Candelilla Wax or Celluloses Derivatives Oleogels

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Beatriz Mariel Ferrer-González ◽  
Norma Leticia Flores-Martínez ◽  
Alfonso Totosaus
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oxidative Rancidity ◽  
Pomegranate Peel ◽  
Prooxidant Activity ◽  
Pea Pod ◽  
Candelilla Wax

Abstract Ethanol oleoresins obtained from orange peel, pea pod, or pomegranate peel were employed to enrich soybean oil before elaborating two types of oleogels, one made with candelilla wax, another made with a mixture of celluloses derivatives, in order to determine their effect on oleogel oxidative stability. Orange peel oleoresin obtained a higher amount of polyphenols as catechol acid equivalent (9.09 meq/g), as compared to pea pod oleoresin or pomegranate peel (8.80 and 8.55, respectively), although pomegranate peel presented the higher TEAC (1.67, twice than the other samples). Oleogels elaborated with celluloses were presented better oxidative stability (oxidative rancidity and peroxide index) as compared to samples elaborated with candelilla wax, since waxes minor constituents employed as oleogelators could promote prooxidant activity. Samples with pomegranate oleoresin presented enhanced oxidative stability. Candelilla wax has a more marked effect on the oleogels thermal properties of due to their influence on fatty acids crystallization, because in celluloses oleogels the mechanism of gelation does not imply the formation of a highly ordered secondary structure. This finding opens the possibility to, on one hand, use oleoresins to enhance the oxidative stability of oleogels; and on the other hand, to select the oleogelator, waxes, or celluloses, based on thermal properties and other aspects, depending on the further application of oleogel thinking in oleogel thermoreversible capacity.

The effect of aliphatic chain length on thermal properties of poly(alkylene dicarboxylate)s

e-Polymers ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Corrado Berti ◽  
Annamaria Celli ◽  
Paola Marchese ◽  
Elisabetta Marianucci ◽  
Giancarlo Barbiroli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aliphatic Chain ◽  
Melting Temperatures ◽  
Avrami Analysis ◽  
Isothermal Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Growth ◽  
Crystallizing Polymers ◽  
Crystalline Forms

AbstractSome poly(alkylene dicarboxylate)s, derived from ethanediol or 1,4- butanediol and different diacids, have been synthesized and analyzed by DSC to determine the correlations existing between the thermal properties and the length of the aliphatic chain. The polymers show crystallization and melting temperatures and enthalpies which increase as the polymethylene segments lengthen, due to the formation of more stable crystals. The samples derived from ethanediol are peculiar; they show reorganization processes during the melting and the melting temperatures are notably higher with respect to those of the other polyesters. This behavior is discussed. Isothermal analysis highlights that poly(alkylene dicarboxylate)s are fast crystallizing polymers. The Avrami analysis suggests a crystallization mechanism characterized by heterogeneous nucleation and three dimensional growth; secondary crystallizations is present only in the samples characterized by short -(CH2)- sequences, due to the reorganization of less perfect crystalline forms. A comparative study between the crystallization rates as a function of the undercooling is reported.

scholarly journals Removal of Chromium from Aqueous Solution Using Modified Pomegranate Peel:Mechanistic and Thermodynamic Studies

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (s1) ◽  
pp. S153-S158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq S. Najim ◽  
Suhad A. Yassin
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Pomegranate Peel ◽  
Solution Interface ◽  
Adsorbent Surface

Modified pomegranate peel (MPGP) and formaldehyde modified pomegranate peel (FMPGP) were prepared and used as adsorbent for removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution using batch process. The temperature variation study of adsorption on both adsorbents revealed that the adsorption process is endothermic, from the positive values of ∆H˚. These values lie in the range of physisorption. The negative values of ∆G˚ show the adsorption is favorable and spontaneous. On the other hand, these negative values increases with increase in temperature on both adsorbents, which indicate that the adsorption is preferable at higher temperatures. ∆S˚ values showed that the process is accompanied by increase in disorder and randomness at the solid solution interface due to the reorientation of water molecules and Cr(VI) ions around the adsorbent surface. The endothermic nature of the adsorption was also confirmed from the positive values of activation energy, Ea, the low values of Ea confirm the physisorption mechanism of adsorption. The sticking probability, S*, of Cr(VI) ion on surface of both adsorbents showed that the adsorption is preferable due to low values of S*(0< S*< 1 ), but S*values are lower for FMPGP indicating that the adsorption on FMPGP is more preferable .

scholarly journals Bank wholesale funding and credit procyclicality: Evidence from Korea

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangjun Jeong ◽  
Hueechae Jung
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycle ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Financial Fragility ◽  
Credit Growth ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Credit procyclicality has recently been the focus of considerable attention, but what fuels the often excessive credit growth is rarely questioned. We investigate the relationship between the composition of banks? liabilities and their credit procyclicality. After examining the macroeconomic context where banks rely increasingly on wholesale funding (WSF), we estimate the effect of WSF on the banks? credit growth using quarterly panel data for the commercial banks of Korea from 2000 to 2011. We find that a higher sensitivity of banks? WSF to the business cycle leads to an excessive response of credit growth to the business cycle, even with a low share of WSF on bank liabilities. On the other hand, we find that overseas WSF has a more marked effect on credit procyclicality, which may additionally exacerbate the financial fragility of export-led emerging economies.

Effects of candelilla wax/canola oil oleogel on the rheology, texture, thermal properties and in vitro starch digestibility of wheat sponge cake bread

LWT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 109701 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Alvarez-Ramirez ◽  
E.J. Vernon-Carter ◽  
Y. Carrera-Tarela ◽  
A. Garcia ◽  
C. Roldan-Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Starch Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Starch Digestibility ◽  
Sponge Cake ◽  
Candelilla Wax

scholarly journals Inclusion of Ethanol Extract of Mesquite Leaves to Enhance the Oxidative Stability of Pork Patties

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Irene Ramírez-Rojo ◽  
Rey David Vargas-Sánchez ◽  
Brisa del Mar Torres-Martínez ◽  
Gastón Ramón Torrescano-Urrutia ◽  
José Manuel Lorenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Sensory Analysis ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
The Other ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Pork Patties

The lipid oxidation (LOX) of pork meat has been associated with loss of quality and shorter shelf life. Consequently, synthetic antioxidants have been used to reduce this process, but their use has shown potential health risks. Thus, the use of natural ingredients has been suggested as a strategy to prevent LOX. This study aimed to assess the oxidative stability of pork patties treated with ethanol extract of mesquite leaf (EEML) during storage. Furthermore, the polyphenol composition (TPC, total phenolic, TFC, total flavonoid) and antioxidant activity (antiradical and reducing power activity) of EEML were also evaluated. For this study, five treatments (CN (control), without antioxidant; Asc, ascorbic acid 0.02%; BHT, butylated hydroxytoluene 0.02%; EEML1, 0.05%; and EEML2, 0.1%) of pork patties were applied. Patty samples were stored at 4 °C, and physicochemical parameters, lipid oxidation, total antioxidant capacity of the meat, and sensory analysis were evaluated at 0, 3, 7, and 10 days of storage. EEML presented high values of TPC (278.5 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g) and TFC (226.8 mg rutin equivalents (RE)/g) levels. The addition of EEML did not modify the chemical composition of the pork patties. On the other hand, colour parameters were affected by the inclusion of EEML in pork patties, presenting the lowest a* in the CN group compared to the other groups after 10 days storage. Lipid oxidation increased during the whole period, showing the lowest (P < 0.05) conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values (40% and 90% of inhibition, respectively) compared to the CN group. Regarding sensory analysis, there were no significant differences in colour, appearance, odour, flavour, juiciness, fat sensation, and firmness of the cooked pork patties among treatments. These results suggest that EEML has great potential as a natural antioxidant for meat products.

Thermal Properties of Rubber Compounds. II. Heat Generation of Pigmented Rubber Compounds

1935 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Barnett ◽  
W. C. Mathews
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moving Plate ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Two Machines ◽  
Rubber Block

Abstract THE first paper (1) of this series discussed thermal conductivity of rubber and a number of compounding ingredients which were measured using the electric current as the source of heat. In this article the fundamental factors controlling the generation of heat and the variations possible by pigmentation are being studied. Results obtained for pigmented rubber in the pendulum and flexometer will be discussed and correlated. In the writers' laboratory two machines have been used extensively in studying the temperature developed in rubber compounds subjected to distortion by compressive forces. The first of these is a flexometer described by Cooper (2), and the second a compression machine in which a rubber block 14 cm. (5.5 inches) in diameter and 9.53 cm. (3.75 inches) high is pounded with a definite load a specified number of times per minute. The laboratory test block used in the flexometer is in the shape of a frustrum of a rectangular pyramid, of which the base is 5.4 × 2.86 cm. (2.126 × 1.125 inches), the top 5.08 × 2.54 cm. (2 × 1 inches), and the altitude 3.81 cm. (1.5 inches). This block of rubber is compressed between two plates under definite load, one of the plates being stationary while the other travels in a circular motion of definite magnitude. After the sample has been placed in the machine, the moving plate is set to one side of the center. Both the loading and the amount of offset may be varied within wide limits. With this machine one may study either the temperature developed over a period of flexing or the time required to compress the sample a predetermined amount.

Influence of grain direction in vibrational wood welding

Holzforschung ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Properzi ◽  
Jean-Michel Leban ◽  
Antonio Pizzi ◽  
Stephanie Wieland ◽  
Frederic Pichelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Grain Orientation ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Fibre Orientation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Lower Strength ◽  
Wood Grain ◽  
Strength Result ◽  
Fibre Matrix

Abstract Wood grain orientation differences in the two surfaces to be bonded yield bondlines of different strength in no-adhesives wood welding. Longitudinal wood grain bonding of tangential and radial wood sections yields an approximately 10% difference in strength results of the joint. Cross-grain (±90°) bonding yields instead a much lower strength result, roughly half that observed for pieces bonded with the grain parallel to each other. These differences can be explained by the very marked effect that homogeneity of fibre orientation is known to have on fibre–matrix composites. Oak yields lower results than beech and maple and is more sensitive to welding conditions. Differences in both anatomical and wood constituent composition can account for this difference in performance. Contrary to the other wood species, oak always presents joint bondlines where little or no increase in density at the interface is noticed. This explains its somewhat lower strength results. This is based on the different mode of bonding predominant in this species, while the other species present two different modes of bonding. Thus, two types of bondlines are observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM): (i) bondlines where entangled fibre–matrix composites are formed at the interface and (ii) bondlines in which direct welding of the cell walls occurs, just by fused intercellular material or cell surface material. In this latter case the cells remain flat, without an entangled fibre–matrix composite being formed. This is the almost exclusively predominant case for oak. Both cases and even hybrid cases between the two have also been observed in beech.

Copolymerization of Ethylene/Diene with Different Metallocene Catalysts

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 1426-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria de Fátima Vieira Marques ◽  
Fernanda Constantino Rocha ◽  
Narda Juárez Soto
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Polymerization Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Copolymer Composition ◽  
Metallocene Catalysts ◽  
Ethylene Pressure ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Catalyst Type

Copolymerizations of ethylene and 1,7-octadiene were carried out employing homogeneous catalysts Cp2ZrCl2, Ph2C(Flu,Cp)ZrCl2 and Et(Ind)2ZrCl2, and methylaluminoxane as cocatalyst. The polymerization characteristics, such as catalytic activity, polymerization rate, copolymer composition, and thermal properties were examined in relation to the catalyst type. Different comonomer concentrations were employed, and the reaction time was varied, ranging from 1 h up to 4 h, at 90°C and at 0.5 bar ethylene pressure. The results showed that the catalyst Cp2ZrCl2 was more efficient than Et(Ind)2ZrCl2 in the preparation of high diene content ethylene/1,7-octadiene copolymers. On the other hand, Et(Ind)2ZrCl2 and Ph2C(Flu,Cp)2ZrCl2 catalysts produced low insaturation content but possibly formed cyclic structures and crosslinking.

scholarly journals Structural & Thermal Analysis of the Dental Refurbishment Ingredients using FEA Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12S) ◽  
pp. 187-191
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Gold Alloy ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Testing Laboratory ◽  
Composite Mixture ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
Von Mises Stresses

Very little scientific information on dental renewables has recently been available. Before this experience, the utilization of these materials was entirely artistic, and the patient's mouth was the only testing laboratory. Today, despite the advanced technical devices and the improvement of consistent test methods for estimating the metallic and thermal properties of renewables, this test sometimes happens on the patient's mouth. The current work has considered, and compared, basic thermal & mechanical characteristic’s of some of the most commonly used restorative materials. The transport of these materials when they were used as a class I cup, mandibular 1st molar, was mixed under different thermal and structural strengths examining the use of ANSYS/work bench 15.0. Consideration was given to Amalgam materials, Composite/mixture, & gold alloy for this effort. The outcomes obtained from ANSYS indicated that the biggest update at the occlusal surface, particularly in the inflection, occurred and is rising to the other four (mesial, & buccal, & lingual & distal surfaces) characteristics & the roots, though Von-Mises was depicted on the cervical line/mark (a border between crown and roots) and spread to both crown & roots. There were 35 tests carried out and the values for the highest separation and von-Mises emphasis both against temperature and structure by using QTIPLOT software, and the final result shows that all values are the highest and highest concentrations of both re-fillers of gold and the mixed nutrients and of both deformation & von-Mises stresses respectively.

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