scholarly journals Assessment of bio-agent (Trichoderma Harzianum) in the management of two pepper varieties infected with root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne Incognita)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
N. B. Izuogu ◽  
H. S. Baba ◽  
E. O. Winjobi
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The University ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Two field trials were carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Ilorin in the 2012 and 2014 planting seasons to find out the effeciency of Trichoderma harzianum as a bio-control agent in controlling root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in two pepper varieties (F1 Nikita and Gianfranco Fuscello). A 2 × 2 factorial design fitted into a randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used with 5 replications. The T. harzianum filtrate significantly increased plant height, number of leaves, and yield. The control showed higher root galling and soil nematode population. Varietal differences showed that F1 Nikita performed significantly better than G. Fuscello. The combination of Trichoderma and F1 Nikita appears effective for managing root-knot nematodes.

scholarly journals APLIKASI UREA DAN TANAH BERMIKORIZA PADA PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN SERTA INFEKSI MIKORIZA PADA AKAR SENGON LAUT (Paraserianthes falcataria (L) Nielson)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Febri Arif Cahyo Wibowo ◽  
Amir Syarifuddin
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Paraserianthes Falcataria ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The University ◽  
Glomus Sp ◽  
Better Than

Decrease plant nutrient and water in the land is very alarming. The function of mycorrhizae is very beneficial for plants in forest areas that can be considered critical. Urea which is an instant fertilizer is often used by Indonesian farmers, but it has a negative impact on the soil. The nutrients contained in urea are 45% -46% is Nirogen. The purpose of this research was to study the development of the use of mycorrhizal soils by using urea fertilizer and its interactions, as well as to search for roots infected by mycorrhizae. This research was conducted in the greenhouse at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang conducted from January to February 2017. The design used in the study was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with a combination of 16 and 3 replications. Data analysis was done by BNJ ANAVA followed and identification of mycorrhizae in the roots of sea sengon plants. At a dose of 300 grams of mycorrhizae soil is better than other doses. The dose of urea has been effected on sengon laut from the parameters of height and number of leaves. A dose of 1.5 grams of urea produces better plants than other doses. Root infection by mycorrhizae gets the greatest results on the combination of M2P2 with a yield of 30%. The type that is in the infected root is Glomus sp. The effect of mycorrhizae occurs only on the root length of plants.Keywords: Mycorrhiza, Root Infection, Sengon Laut, UreaPenurunan kualitas unsur hara dan air pada lahan kehutanan sangat memprihatinkan. Fungsi mikoriza yang sangat menguntungkan bagi tanaman pada lahan hutan yang dapat dikatakan kritis. Urea yang merupakan pupuk instan ini sering digunakan oleh para petani Indonesia, namun dapat berdampak negatif terhadap tanah. Unsur hara yang terkandung dalam urea ini 45%-46% adalah unsur N. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbandingan pertumbuhan penggunaan tanah bermikoriza dengan penggunaan pupuk urea dan interaksinya, serta mengidentifikasi akar yang terinfekis oleh mikoriza. Penelitian ini dilakukan di green house Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Maret 2017. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) dengan kombinasi sebanyak 16 dan 3 kali ulangan. Data yang dianalisis menggunakan uji BNJ dan identifikasi mikoriza pada akar tanaman sengon laut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada dosis 300 gram tanah bermikoriza lebih baik dibandingkan dosis lainnya. Dosis urea sangat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan sengon laut dari parameter tinggi dan jumlah daun. Dosis urea sebanyak 1,5 gram menghasilkan tanaman yang lebih baik dibandingkan dosis lainnya. Infeksi akar oleh mikoriza mendapatkan persentase terbesar pada kombinasiM2P2 yaitu 30%. Jenis yang terdapat pada terinfeksinya akar yakni jenis Glomus sp. Pengaruh mikoriza ini terjadi hanya pada panjang akar tanaman saja.Kata Kunci:Infeksi Akar,Mikoriza,Sengon Laut, Urea

scholarly journals Bioefficacy of Bacillus subtilis against root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood in tomato

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1012-1015
Author(s):  
Subhalaxmi Roy ◽  
Arun Rathod ◽  
Aniruddha Pramanik
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Gall Index

An investigation was conducted for the management of root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood infesting tomato through the application of bio-control agent like Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Experiment result revealed that minimum no. of galls/25seedlings (17.50) and maximum seedling height (27.6cm) were observed in Bacillus subtilis @50g/m2 in nursery bed + B. subtilis @ 5kg along with 2.5 tons of FYM/ ha. The highest weight/25seedlings (69.50g) was noticed in the B. subtilis @50g/m2 in nursery bed + B. subtilis 2.5kg along with 2.5 tons of FYM/ha. The highest growth of the plant at 45 DAT (49.2cm) and at harvest (81.2cm) and maximum fresh (711.3g) and dry weight (265g) was found in B. subtilis @50g/m2 in nursery bed + B. subtilis 2.5kg along with 2.5 tons of FYM/ha. B. subtilis @50g/m2 in nursery bed + B. subtilis 2.5kg along with 2.5 tons of FYM/ha exhibited lowest gall index (1.2/plant) and highest reduction of nematode population and provided highest yield of tomato fruits (335.75q/ha).

scholarly journals Effect of Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) on the Nodulation of Some Varieties of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
N.B. Izuogu ◽  
T.U. Olajide ◽  
E.K. Eifediyi ◽  
C.M. Olajide
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
The University

Abstract Screenhouse and field trials were conducted at the University of Ilorin, Nigeria in 2013 and 2014 to investigate the effect of root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) on the nodulation of five varieties of cowpea (IT89KD-288, IT82D-994, IT93K-452-1, T89K-391 and TT97 568-18). Half of the experimental plants were inoculated with Meloidogyne incognita eggs (n = 1500) while the remaining half served as uninoculated control plants. Data on growth and yield of cowpea, root gall, nodulation, and nematodes population densities in nodules were collected. Other parameters assessed included colour of dissected infected and uninfected nodules, texture of the nodules and varietal performance of the cowpeas. The results of both screenhouse and field trials were consistent in yield and visual observations of texture and colour. The yield of nematode-free varieties was significantly higher than that of M. incognita-infected ones. Infected nodules were dark brown in colour while the healthy ones were pink. For the field trials, nodulation counts in nematode inoculated plants were inversely proportional to the number of galls in their uninoculated counterparts in some varieties. Of all varieties, IT89KD-288 was most resistant to M. incognita. Due to high cost involved in the management of nematodes, especially with synthetic chemicals, variety IT89KD-288 is recommended for use in nematode endemic areas in Nigeria. Further study needs to be done on the histopathology of the infected and uninfected roots and nodules of these cowpea varieties.

scholarly journals SUSCEPTIBILITY AND TOLERANCE TO ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES (MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA) OF TELFAIRIA OCCIDENTALIS UNDER ORGANIC CONVERSION

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Jonathan Atungwu ◽  
O. O. Olabinjo ◽  
C. O. Eche ◽  
I. Tijjani
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Telfairia Occidentalis ◽  
Celosia Argentea

Three cultivars of Telfairia occidentalis were assessed for their resistance or otherwise to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) infection on the field. Seeds were extracted from the pods of the selected cultivars and planted on moist sawdust in nursery trays to raise seedlings for transplanting. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design and replicated thrice. Pre-plant soil samples were taken to estimate initial nematode populations. At seven days after transplanting, eggs of Meloidogyne incognita (Mi) were extracted from 60 day-old Celosia argentea and used for inoculation of the three cultivars of T. occidentalis at approximately 5000 eggs/stand. Plants were, thereafter, observed for vine length, vine girth and number of leaves from two weeks till 8 weeks after transplanting. Final soil nematode population and root gall indices were determined at 60-66 days after inoculation. Reproduction factor was determined and used along with the gall indices to rate the cultivars for resistance or susceptibility to Mi. Results showed that cultivars NHTo-020 and NHTo-030 were susceptible to root-knot nematode which implied that plants allowed nematode reproduction and also suffered yield loss while cultivar NHTo-010 was tolerant to nematode infestation meaning that nematode reproduction took place but the plant does not suffer yield loss. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in the mean vine length and number of leaf irrespective of the inoculum while effect on the vine girth was significantly variable. The inoculated plants gave significantly better vegetative growth than the naturally infested plants which indicated genetic variability in the cultivars.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) Varieties as Influnced by Nitrogen Levels in Chitwan, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Santosh Lohani ◽  
Moha Dutta Sharma ◽  
Shree Chandra Shah ◽  
Arjun Kumar Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Better Than

An experiment was conducted to assess the performance of sweet pepper varieties as influenced by nitrogen levels from August 2014 to February 2015 at Mangalpur, Chitwan. The experiment was laid out in two factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications having sixteen treatments. Varieties and levels of nitrogen significantly affected growth, yield and qualitative parameters of fruits. Hybrid Indra and NS 632 performed better than open pollinated varieties viz. Sagar and California Wonder. Days to fifty percent flowering of NS 632 were earlier than California Wonder. Indra variety had the highest plant height (52.18 cm), number of secondary branches per plant (13.51) from 250 kg N/ha through chemical fertilizer while number of leaves per plant was higher in NS 632 variety (57.22) than Sagar variety (47.37). Indra variety showed the highest fruit weight (87.59 g) and total yield (39.45 t/ha) but NS 632 variety produced more number of fruits per plant (9.25) than California Wonder variety. This study showed that sweet pepper yield of hybrid varieties applied with 250 kg N/ha through chemical fertilizer was appropriate dose to get optimum yield under Chitwan condition.

scholarly journals POTENSI AGENSIA HAYATI DAN NABATI DALAM MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT BUSUK RIMPANG JAHE

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Loekas Soesanto ◽  
Sudarmono Sudarmono ◽  
Nur Prihatiningsih ◽  
Abdul Manan ◽  
Endang Iriani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Ginger Rhizome ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Central Java Province ◽  
Rhizome Rot

Potency of biological and botanical agents in controlling ginger rhizome rot. Research aimed at knowing integrity of various control agents in controlling causal agent of ginger rhizome rot. The research was carried out at Gowak Village, Pringsurat District, Temanggung Regency, Central Java Province, from November up to May 2004. Randomized Block Design was used with treatments of biological (Bacillus sp. with density of x  1010 cfu ml-1 suspension and Trichoderma harzianum 20 g crop-1), of botanical (clove leaves powder of 20 g crop-1 and neem seeds extract of 25 ml crop-1), and synthetical agents (benomil with concentration of 2 g l-1) either alone or in combination, with three replicates. Variables observed were incubation period, disease intensity, infection rate, number of leaves per crop, crop height, and ginger production per hectare. Result of the research showed that the location was endemic of the disease. The treatments could generally retard the incubation period and the infection rate, decrease the disease intensity, and increase the ginger production. The highest ginger yield was obtained from the plot given Trichoderma harzianum (Trikonis), either alone or in combination with the dry clove leaves of 10 g crop-1 as many as four times with interval of seven days started from seedling planted.

scholarly journals The Response of Fordhook Giant / Swisschard (Beta vulgaris var Cicla) and Mustard (Brassica Juncea) Spinach Vegetables to Irrigation with Saline Water

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
M. V. Dlamini ◽  
M. T. Masarirambi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The University

Saline irrigation water is becoming an important water source as fresh water is fast becoming a scarce resource in many areas of the world, including Eswatini, especially in arid and semi-arid regions.  A study to test the response of two varieties of spinach (fordhook giant and mustard) to salinity was conducted in a field pot experiment at the Faculty of Agriculture at the Luyengo Campus of the University of Eswatini.  The treatments were laid in a randomized block design (RCBD).  The experiment consisted of four treatments, each replicated twelve times.  Treatments were salinity levels of 0.0 dS/m, 1.5 dS/m, 2.0 dS/m and 3.5 dS/m.  All the treatments were subjected to similar agronomic practices. Spinach was grown and observed for a period of five weeks.  Plant height was measured and the number of leaves counted weekly throughout the experiment. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between salinity treatments were obtained for plant height beginning in week 2 but were more pronounced in week 3, 4 and week 5.  No significant differences were obtained for the number of leaves.  There were however, clear significant differences between spinach irrigated with none saline irrigation water compared to saline irrigation water.   It was concluded that irrigating spinach with saline water of more than 2.0 dS/m drastically reduce plant growth but not the number of leaves under the conditions of the experiment.

scholarly journals Effects of Organic Manure Source and Weeding Frequencies on Growth Parameters of Jute Mallow (Corchorus olitorious)

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
M. M. Olorukooba ◽  
R. Suleiman ◽  
O. Olukotun ◽  
R. Mohammed ◽  
E. Apene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Experimental Treatments

Field trials were carried out during 2018 and during 2019 dry season periods at Federal College of Forestry and Mechanization Afaka Kaduna, located between latitude 10° 35”N and longitude 007° 21”E at altitude 644 m above sea level, to determine the effects of organic manure source and weeding frequencies on growth parameters of jute mallow (Corchorus olitorious). The experimental treatments consists of ten combinations of poultry manure + weed free, cow dung + weed free, goat dropping + weed free, poultry manure + weeding at 2 WAT, cow dung + weeding at 2 WAT, goat dropping + weeding at 2 WAT, poultry manure + weeding at 4 WAT, cow dung + weeding at 4 WAT, goat dropping + weeding at 4 WAT and  no organic manure application + no weeding which were laid out in a randomize complete block design (RCBD) and replicated 3 times The growth parameters observed  and measured were crop vigour score, plant height, shoot diameter, number of leaves and number of  primary branches. Result of the study showed that at harvest (8 WAT) all the treatments significantly affected the vigour of jute mallow crop and gave comparable score than the least observed with no nutrient + no weeding as control. The result revealed that plant growth at harvest exhibited significantly taller plant with application of poultry manure + weeding at 2 WAT. In conclusion the result obtained from the study showed that poultry manure at 4 tons /ha + weeding at 4 WAT resulted in taller plant height, wider shoot diameter, increased number of leaves, number of branches than all other treatment due to lower weed infestation, it is therefore recommended as the best treatment combination to obtained the best growth rate of jute mallow.

Assessment of the contribution of legumes to the nitrogen nutrition of sugarcane

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
P. Ibrahim ◽  
A. Gana ◽  
L. Busari
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Sesbania Rostrata ◽  
Ecological Zone ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Stalk Weight ◽  
Better Than

Field trials were conducted to assess the contribution of legumes to the nitrogen nutrition of sugarcane at the up-land sugarcane experimental field of the National Cereals Research Institute Farm, Badeggi (9°45'N, 06°07'E) in the Southern Guinea Savanna ecological zone of Nigeria in the 1997 and 1998 wet seasons. The four treatments tested consisted of sole-planted chewing cane, and chewing cane intercropped with soybean (TGM 579), Sesbania rostrata and cowpea (Ife brown). The treatments were laid out in a randomised complete block design with three replications. The legumes were ploughed into the soil at 12 weeks after sowing (WAS). At 2 months after sowing, cane intercropped with cowpea generally recorded lower values for cane height, tiller number and crop vigour, while the sole-planted cane crop gave the highest values for each of these parameters in both years. However, at 4 and 10 months after planting and at harvest (1, 6 and 9 months after the legume incorporation) sole-planted cane recorded significantly lower cane height, single stalk weight and crop vigour in 1997 and 1998. Among the intercropping treatments, cowpea and sesbania had almost similar effects on the cane in terms of crop vigour, cane height, single stalk weight and cane yield (t/ha), being better than the sole-planted cane and intercropping with soybean.

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