scholarly journals Basic Comparison of the Properties of the Loop and Frotte Yarns, Woven and Knitted Fabrics

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Ewa Grabowska ◽  
Izabela Ciesielska-Wróbel
Keyword(s):  
Production Condition ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Lower Quantity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Core Yarn ◽  
Fancy Yarns

Abstract Both loop fancy yarns and frotte fancy yarns belong to the group of yarns with continuous effects. The difference between frotte and loop yarn relies on the fact that the loop yarn is constructed with two core yarns and the frotte yarn is constructed with only one core yarn. The differences are evident in the shape of these two types of fancy yarns. These shape differences are the functions of the tensions of component yarns during the twisting process. The shape and construction of the fancy yarn influence its properties. The properties of loop and frotte fancy yarns, woven and knitted fabrics are compared in this article in order to find out the optimal yarn’s and fabric’s production condition to satisfy the final user and maintain low production costs. In terms of economy aspects only, the frotte fancy yarns are believed to be cheaper in production due to lower quantity of components utilize for their production to compare with loop fancy yarns, under conditions of the same settings of ring twisting frame.

SELISIH BIAYA PRODUKSI SEBAGAI ALAT PENGENDALIAN MANAJEMEN PT INDO PUSAKA BERAU

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
SAFITRI NURHIDAYATI ◽  
RIZKI AMELYA SYAM
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Material Costs ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to analyze whether the difference that occurs in the cost of raw materials, direct labor, and factory overhead costs between the standard costs and the actual costs in PLTU LATI is a difference that is favorable or unfavorable. Data collection techniques with field research and library research. The analytical tool used is the analysis of the difference in raw material costs, the difference in direct labor costs and the difference in factory overhead costs. The hypothesis in this study is that the difference allegedly occurs in the cost of raw materials, direct labor costs, and factory overhead costs at PT Indo Pusaka Berau Tanjung Redeb is a favorable difference. The results showed that the difference in the cost of producing MWh electricity at PT Indo Pusaka Berau Tanjung Redeb in 2018, namely the difference in the price of raw material costs Rp. 548,029.80, - is favorable, the difference in quantity of raw materials is Rp. 957,216,602, - is (favorable) , the difference in direct labor costs Rp 2,602,642,084, - is (unfavorable), and the difference in factory overhead costs Rp 8,807,051,422, - is (favorable) This shows that the difference in the overall production cost budget is favorable or profitable. This beneficial difference shows that the company is really able to reduce production costs optimally in 2018.  

scholarly journals Ferramenta para Análise e Gestão de Custos da Atividade Cafeeira em Pequenas e Médias Propriedades Rurais

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (40) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Luiz Felipe Sacardo ◽  
Michele Ribeiro Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Production Costs ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Gain ◽  
Cash Flow Management ◽  
Financial Gain ◽  
Personal Finances ◽  
Precise Analysis ◽  
Export Volume ◽  
Coffee Farmers ◽  
The Difference

ResumoO Agronegócio é responsável por cerca de ¼ das riquezas geradas anualmente no Brasil. Dentro deste universo a cultura cafeeira é responsável por cerca de 10% do volume total das exportações deste setor. A viabilidade da produção cafeeira em qualquer escala depende fortemente da agregação de qualidade no produto final, eficiência nos processos e o controle dos custos da atividade. Os pequenos e médios cafeicultores, de maneira geral, ainda carecem de uma estrutura administrativa que lhes permita conhecer e gerencia adequadamente suas finanças, apesar de existir uma consciência da necessidade do conhecimento e gerenciamento dos custos de produção o que ainda vemos são as finanças das atividades sendo misturadas com as finanças pessoais, impossibilitando qualquer tipo de análise precisa e ainda, uma forte tendência de subjugar os custos e despesas e de inflacionar os resultados finais, mesmo que estes não estejam explícitos. Fatores como má administração do fluxo de caixa ou até mesmo menosprezo por pequenas despesas no cálculo do resultado podem ser o diferencial entre aqueles produtores que prosperam e aqueles que têm de deixar a atividade. Palavras-chave: Microanálise de Empresas Agrícolas. Modelos Econométricos e de Entrada-Saída. Investimento. Abstract Agribusiness is responsible for about ¼ of the wealth generated annually in Brazil. Within this universe, coffee culture is responsible for about 10% of the total export volume of this sector. The viability of coffee production on any scale strongly depends on the aggregation of quality in the final product, process efficiency and cost control of the activity. With the administrative modernization of the activity efficiency is gained, and with the efficiency gain opportunities for greater financial gain arise, either through cost reduction or revenue increase. Small and medium coffee farmers, in general, still lack an administrative structure that allows them to know and manage their finances properly, although there is an awareness of the need for knowledge and management of production costs. What we still see is the finances of the activity mixed with personal finances, precluding any kind of precise analysis and yet a strong tendency to subjugate costs and expenses and to inflate final results, even if they are not explicit. Factors such as poor cash flow management or even contempt for small expenses in calculating income may be the difference between those who thrive and those who have to leave the business. Keywords: Micro Analysis of Farm Firms. Econometric and Input-Output Models. Investment.

scholarly journals Performance of Knitted Fabrics Produced from Fancy Yarns with Different Slub/Meter and Blend Ratio

2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rania Atef ◽  
Rizk Elbealy ◽  
Alaa Arafa Badr ◽  
Rehab Abd Elkhalek
Keyword(s):  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Fancy Yarns

Applying the concept of entrepreneurial ecosystems in Estonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 134-145
Author(s):  
Merli Reidolf ◽  
Merle Küttim ◽  
Aleksandr Michelson ◽  
Helena Rozeik ◽  
Marianne Kallaste
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems ◽  
Sectoral Differences ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Similar to natural ecosystems, entrepreneurs and other entrepreneurial actors are locally interdependent and affect the performance of each other. Mostly economically larger and more successful regions have been studied by using the framework of entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs). The current study aims at further developing the theoretical understanding of EEs and applying the proposed EE model in the context of Estonia. In the study, a conceptual model of an EE is proposed, the uniqueness of which lies in merging three aspects into a single framework: the nine components of an EE, its value-added, and its phase of development. The model was applied for analysing by means of a qualitative methodology four sector-based subEEs in Estonia. The study showed that even in a small country like Estonia the components of the EE were partly similar, but also partly unique for the subEEs. This was not due to the location, but because of sectoral differences. The difference of the development phase seemed to be related to the knowledge base of the sector. The policy relevance of the model is that it allows looking at the elements of an EE as well as its economic value-added and development prospects. The EE approach allows addressing jointly the difficulties and challenges in the development of EEs, including the issues of digitalisation, skilled labour, and production costs, which would allow the subEEs to develop into mature and resilient networks. Not all the components of an EE have to be equally strong, but their interconnectedness determines the strength of an EE. Policy solutions need to be tailored to the needs of specific subEEs based on the knowledge base and inner dynamics of the sectors.

Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness and Manufacture Technique of Functional Metal Composite Knitted Fabrics

2014 ◽  
Vol 910 ◽  
pp. 262-265
Author(s):  
Jia Horng Lin ◽  
Zhi Cai Yu ◽  
Jian Fei Zhang ◽  
Ching Wen Lou
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Core Yarn ◽  
Composite Fabrics ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness

In order to fabricate fabrics with electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) and other function, we fabricated Crisscross-section polyester /antibacterial nylon / stainless steel wires (CSP/AN/SSW) composite yarns with stainless wires as core yarn, antibacterial nylon and crisscross-section polyester as inner and out wrapped yarns, respectively. Knitted fabrics were fabricated with the metal composite yarns with wrap amount of 8 turns/cm on a circular knitted machine. Furthermore, the EMSE of the metal composite fabrics were evaluated by changing the lamination amounts and lamination angles. The results show that when the lamination amount was four, lamination angles were 0°/45°/90°/-45°, the EMSE of the fabrics reached to-10--20 dB in the frequency range of 300 KHz to 3 GHz.

scholarly journals ANALISA PENGARUH TUNDA JUAL GABAH KERING PANEN TERHADAP PENDAPATAN PETANI PADI DI DESA KARANG BINANGUN BELITANG MADANG RAYA OKU TIMUR

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Munsirum
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Direct Selling ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
C Value ◽  
The Difference

The purpose of this study is to determine the amount of income obtained by farmers who sell grain directly after harvest and farmers who delay selling grain and to find out the difference in income of farmers who sell unhulled grain directly after harvest with farmers who delay selling grain. This research was conducted using a survey method. Sampling of farmers who postpone selling grain and storing them waiting until the price of grain is high was carried out by using the census method for all populations totaling 17. Meanwhile, sampling of farmers who directly sell grain to 17 farmers from 374 populations was carried out using purposive sampling method with criteria respondents are farmers who have their own land with a land area of> 0.5 Ha. The results showed that the average production cost for the farmers to postpone selling GKP was IDR 12,911,329 / Ha / MT, the income was IDR 23,215,058 / Ha / MT, so that the income was IDR 10.303,729 / Ha / MT The production costs for direct selling GKP farmers are IDR 12,107,847 / Ha / MT, revenue is IDR 21,527,265 / Ha / MT, so you get an income of IDR 9,419,417 / Ha / MT. The average income of the respondent's delay in selling GKP was higher than that of the respondent who was selling GKP directly with the average difference in income of IDR 884,312 / Ha / MT. The R-C value of the delay in selling GKP is 1.80, while the direct selling value is 1.78. Statistically, there is a significant (significant) difference between the income of the respondent with the delay in selling GKP and the respondent from selling GKP directly. This can be seen from the t value of 3.42 and the t value of 2.036.

scholarly journals TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT OF POLYMERS UNDER INTERMITTENT HEATING THROUGH USE OF THERMOCOUPLE AND ARDUINO® MICROCONTROLLER

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
F. A. Rodrigues ◽  
K. F. A. Okada ◽  
J. R. Ferreira-Oliveira ◽  
L. R. R. Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Flux ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Processing Capacity ◽  
Exchange Area ◽  
Intermittent Heating ◽  
Material Heating ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

The combination of relatively low production costs and a versatility makepolymers one of the most used classes of engineering materials. Thecomplexity of their chemical bounds, however, make the thermomechanicalprocessing of these materials a challenge since thermal flux frommanufacturing might significantly alter their properties. In this paper wasevaluated the use of thermocouple with Arduino® compatible hardware formeasurement and control of an intermittent heating system for processing ofNylon-6 and polycarbonate thermoplastics. A 2² factorial design was createdfor using K-type thermocouple for the two polymers at two different surfacefinishes obtained by sanding with mesh #80 and #600 abrasives. The resultsindicate that the Arduino interface has satisfactory processing capacity formonitoring heating cycles and temperature logging, making it possible toknow how temperature variated and at what level it stabilized for the heatingconditions presented. The difference in material specific heat capacity andthermal conductivity will affect the observed temperature profile. Roughnessmight present a considerable effect on the material heating since it is linkedto the heat exchange area of the process.

PERHITUNGAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI DENGAN METODE FULL COSTING PADA USAHA AMPLANG UD. TAUFIK JAYA MAKMUR DI SAMARINDA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ramadhani
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Production Period

Determination of cost of goods must be applied appropriately and careful, because this can help entrepreneurs to compete in a manner well and in a relatively long period of time. The purpose of this study was to determine the calculation of the cost of production of the UD Taufik Jaya Makmur Samarinda Samarinda business which is used today and the calculation of the cost of production in the UD Taufik Jaya Makmur Samarinda Samarinda business according to the full costing method. Full costing is a method of determining the cost of production that takes into account all elements of production costs into the cost of production, which consists of the cost of raw materials, direct labor costs, and factory overhead costs, both behaving variable and fixed. The method used in this research is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The variables of this study include the cost of production using the full costing method. Data analysis was performed by calculating the cost of production based on the concept of the full costing method. The results showed that the results of the analysis of the calculation of the Cost of Production of envelopes per kg in the UD Taufik Jaya Makmur Samarinda Endeavor conducted at present were Rp. 80,312.50 per kg. Whereas the Cost of Production of envelopes per kg in the UD Taufik Jaya Makmur Samarinda Business in Samarinda if calculated using the full costing method is Rp 83,068.23 per kg. The difference in cost of production of the UD Taufik Jaya Makmur Samarinda Amplang Business conducted so far using the full costing method for the UD Taufik Jaya Makmur Samarinda Endeavor is Rp 2,755.73 per kg. It is recommended that UD Taufik Jaya Makmur in Samarinda should calculate and charge all elements of the factory overhead costs in one production period (month). This is done so that information about the cost of production can be a good basis for the factory in setting the selling price of envelopes at UD Taufik Jaya Makmur in Samarinda.

scholarly journals Penetapan Harga Pokok Produksi Kacang Koro Pedang pada UD Laksmi Devi

2018 ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
NI WAYAN LIA WIDYANTARI ◽  
I KETUT SUAMBA ◽  
IDA AYU LISTIA DEWI
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

Determination of Cost of Goods Manufactured of Jack Beanson UD Laksmi Devi UD Laksmi Devi is an agro-industrial processing of jack beans. The businesscompetition is high, so it is necessary to establish the appropriate best selling price ofproduct through analysis of cost of goods manufactured price of jack beans. Thisstudy aims to find out the cost of jack beans manufactured by UD Laksmi Devi, Theresult of calculation of the cost of goods manufactured based on the components ofproduction costs and non-production costs, compare the difference in the calculationof cost of production from both analysis, and show sensitivity of cost to cost ofgoods of jack beans manufactured with sensitivity analysis. Analysis of cost of goodsmanufactured are calculated only one month, namely December 2016. Calculationof the cost of goods manufactured per unit by UD Laksmi Devi Rp 28.887,33, whilethe value through the analysis of cost of goods manufactured that takes into accountthe components of production and non-production costs amount to Rp 31.529,83.Component of costs incurred by UD Laksmi Devi only production costs, making itlook bigger profits of Rp 22.005.612, compared by researched in the analysis of costof goods manuafactured only Rp 12.492.612. The difference shows that the analysisof cost of goods manufactured based on production costs and non-production costs isgood to applicate because the costs are detailed, so the cost of good manufactured areaccurate as the basic for determining the selling price of jack beans in UD LaksmiDevi.

scholarly journals Impact of deprivation on hospital efficiency and financial balance in paediatrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Michel ◽  
C Alberti ◽  
J C Carel ◽  
K Chevrel
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis Related Groups ◽  
Hospital Efficiency ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Hospital Funding ◽  
Payment Methods ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Hospital Payment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Financial Balance ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background In healthcare systems where hospital tariffs are based on average national length of stay (LOS), deprived patients may be a source of inefficiency for hospitals as deprivation has been shown to be associated with increased LOS. They may also negatively impact hospitals’ financial balance as few hospital payment methods include deprivation. Our objective was to study the impact of deprivation on hospital efficiency and financial balance. Methods A study was carried out using an exhaustive national hospital discharge database. All inpatient stays in mainland France between 2012 and 2014 by children over 28 days and under 18 in hospitals with a paediatric ward were included. Deprivation was estimated with an ecological deprivation index divided into national quintiles. Efficiency was assessed by variations in patients’ LOS compared to different mean national LOS (paediatric LOS, LOS of admissions for a similar condition...). Financial balance was assessed at the admission level through the ratio of production costs and revenues and at the hospital level with the difference between all revenues and production costs for said hospital. Multivariate models assessed the association between those indicators and deprivation. Results 4,124,510 inpatient stays were included. LOS was shorter than national means for less deprived patients and longer for the more deprived, and the difference was higher for diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) that included both adult and paediatric patients compared to paediatric-only DRGs. The multivariate model confirmed those significant associations. Deprivation also had a significant impact on hospitals’ financial balance, especially for hospitals with a percentage of paediatric patients in the two most deprived quintiles between 20% and 60%. Conclusions Measures to reform hospital payment methods must be encouraged to improve resource allocation efficiency and equity in access to good paediatric care. Key messages A reform of hospital funding to better account for deprivation is needed. A modulation of tariffs using an allocation key at the patient level must be considered to mitigate the effect of deprivation. DRGs specific to children should be encouraged to become the norm rather the exception to provide an adequate picture of resources used during admission and therefore an appropriate tariff.

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