scholarly journals Eco-Economics in Cities and Rural Areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jānis Zvirgzdiņš ◽  
Kaspars Plotka ◽  
Sanda Geipele
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Economic Modelling ◽  
Personnel Turnover ◽  
Mind Set ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Classical Economic

Abstract Economic models are built primarily following the classical economic theories, but a challenge to build good models with classical theories is needed to define the exact value of the Earth, which is hardly definable. Quite often national gross product indicator calculation reuses the same performance indicators, where the resource and income distribution system is not linked to production factors. The resource and income distribution system is primarily associated with low productivity (execution of a sales plan, execution of a profit plan, profitability level, increase in market share, personnel turnover rate, hours worked per employee). Changes in the productive and economic structures of the markets result in new innovative growth patterns which, based on customer motivation, are linked to the concentration of capital in regional and national markets, the growth of transnational markets and the development of technology. At the same time, extensive economic development through natural resources leads to deforestation, landscape changes, desertification, swamping and soil fertility renewal. So far, it often has been assumed that economic growth depends on the use of natural resources, and natural resources are unlimited. The results are “resource crisis”: resources are running out and resource prices are rising, thus invalidating a particular model. On the other hand, the eco-economy approach is a sustainable future for the economic modelling. The principle of eco-economy is based on a production system, which relies on re-cyclicality (the basis is the production of zero waste production). For this to happen, a transition to a completely new mind-set is needed. The research results were previously approbated during the graduate meeting of the Baltic DBU scholarship holders from 4 to 6 May 2018 in Latvia.

Urban and Rural Logistics and Distribution System Based on Supply and Marketing Cooperatives

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 1468-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Ling Huang ◽  
Hao Xiang Jia ◽  
Philippe Roiseux Racine
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Supply And Marketing Cooperatives ◽  
Marketing Cooperatives

China is a vast country with 800 million farmers. An amelioration of their general living condition is a pressing issue. In China, it is not uncommon to encounter lower grain price due to the delays in their transportation. There are many reasons for the low living standards in rural areas, the obsolete rural logistic system, especially regarding agricultural products, is obviously one of them. Recently, to improve logistics development conditions of China's agricultural products, every levels of government increased rural logistics investment in construction projects; however, there are still delay issues from the productions centers to the urban areas. This paper looks the breaks in the logistics chain by studying the current distribution style, and proposes logistics system based on supply and marketing cooperatives in order to improve the existing system.

scholarly journals More than Just Story Telling: A Review of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilisation from Precolonial to Postcolonial Zimbabwe

Scientifica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanyaradzwa Chigonda
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
Resource Ownership

Access to natural resources has changed over the years in Zimbabwe. At least three broad periods of biodiversity conservation, utilisation, and access can be identified in the country, namely, the precolonial, colonial, and postindependence periods. This paper reviews the relationships between human livelihoods and biodiversity conservation in the rural areas of Zimbabwe during these periods and is informed by an extensive review of the relevant literature. A combination of historical narrative, thematic, and content analysis was used in analysing the various documents into meaningful information addressing the objective of the study. Traditional societies in precolonial Zimbabwe had access to abundant natural resources. However, access to these resources was not uncontrolled, but was limited by traditional beliefs, taboos, and customs enforced through community leadership structures. The advent of colonialism in the late 19th century dispossessed indigenous African communities of natural resources through command-type conservation legislation. At independence in 1980, the new majority government sought to redress the natural resource ownership imbalances created during colonialism, culminating in some significant measure of devolution in natural resource management to local communities in the late 1980s, though such devolution has been criticised for being incomplete. An accelerated land reform exercise since the year 2000 has adversely affected biodiversity conservation activities in the country, including the conservation-related livelihood benefits derived from protected areas. The review paper highlights the need for a more complete devolution of natural resource ownership and management down to the grassroots levels in the communal areas, if social and ecological sustainability is to be fully realised in these areas. On the other hand, the disruption of conservation activities in the country due to the ill-planned accelerated land reform exercise that has demarcated land for arable farming in some of the protected areas should be held in check as a matter of urgency.

scholarly journals Analysis of Nutrient Security Prospects in Rural Tamil Nadu: Nutrient Availability, Nutrient Consumption Status and Way to Attain Nutrient Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
S. Appasmandri ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Public Distribution System ◽  
Nutrient Consumption ◽  
Tamil Nadu State ◽  
Availability Assessment

Among the basic needs of life, food possesses ahead of everyone else as it nourishes us and able to stand which leads further activity. Tamil Nadu state is self-sufficient in food production and Nutrient availability assessment also shows the same but the consumption pattern shows inverse pattern to availability because consumption is directly related with income, education, taste and preference, cultural, ethical and etc. Food consumption patterns of rural Tamil Nadu shows that high demand of Public Distribution System (PDS) observed in earlier and gradually decreased over year. Vitamin Thiamine is coming under severe inequality category in rural areas of Tamil Nadu for both 61st and 68 rounds. Goal programming was effectively optimised the nutrient requirement with least cost and optimised to higher level of nutrient status.

scholarly journals Military Incursion, Tribalism and Poor Governance: The Consequences for Development in Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rufus B. Akindola ◽  
Christopher O. Ehinomen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Deep Sense

AbstractNigeria continues to face difficult challenges as a country comprising many ethnic groups with different socio-cultural, religious and economic backgrounds. This paper critically reviewed literature and found that these challenges have shaped Nigeria’s leadership and created unhealthy rivalry including, in particular, a deep sense of exploitation, marginalisation and oppression among certain ethnic groups. Despite Nigeria’s abundant natural resources, the early politicians became self-centred and failed to make good use of these resources to improve the well-being of poor Nigerians, especially those in the rural areas. Instead, it was found that the politicians were engaged in economic vandalism and political opportunism, which precipitated a premature military takeover of government.

scholarly journals Climate change and drought effects on rural income distribution in the Mediterranean: a case study for Spain

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 4353-4389
Author(s):  
S. Quiroga ◽  
C. Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. This paper examines the effects of climate change and drought on agricultural outputs in Spanish rural areas. By now the effects of drought as a response to climate change or policy restrictions have been analyzed through response functions considering direct effects on crop productivity and incomes. These changes also affect incomes distribution in the region and therefore modify the social structure. Here we consider this complementary indirect effect on social distribution of incomes which is essential in the long term. We estimate crop production functions for a range of Mediterranean crops in Spain and we use a decomposition of inequalities measure to estimate the impact of climate change and drought on yield disparities. This social aspect is important for climate change policies since it can be determinant for the public acceptance of certain adaptation measures in a context of drought. We provide the empirical estimations for the marginal effects of the two considered impacts: farms' income average and social income distribution. In our estimates we consider crop productivity response to both bio-physical and socio-economic aspects to analyze long term implications on both competitiveness and social disparities. We find disparities in the adaptation priorities depending on the crop and the region analyzed.

scholarly journals Does Agricultural Performance Contribute to Rural Poverty Reduction in Indonesia?

JEJAK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amir Arham ◽  
Ahmad Fadhli ◽  
Sri Indriyani Dai
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Agricultural Performance

Agriculture is the primary sector in many provinces in Indonesia. In fact, most of the rural communities work in the agricultural sector. Nevertheless, the poverty level in rural areas remains high. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the performance of the agricultural sector in reducing the rural poverty level in Indonesia, and to investigate factors that contribute as a determinant in reducing rural poverty level in Indonesia. This study was significant, considering that the result was to contribute to government policy evaluation in the agricultural sector, especially in reducing poverty in rural areas. This study used quantitative analysis through multiple regressions with data panel from 2014 to 2017 from 33 provinces in Indonesia. This study revealed that the increase of agricultural sector share and the widening of the income distribution had caused an increase in poor people in a rural area. This finding also revealed that the income distribution gap was a determinant to the severity of rural poverty. The growth in the agricultural sector to contribute toward the economy could reduce rural poverty level in Indonesia. Meanwhile, agricultural financing, economic growth, inflation, and the farmer exchange rate had not significantly contributed to reducing the poverty level.

When two worlds collide Branding industrial destinations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Hsin Lai ◽  
Gabby Walters
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Industrial Cities ◽  
Educational Tourism ◽  
The World

Many parts of the world are increasingly faced with the pressure to accommodate activities of various, and at times, conflicting functions (Holmes, 2006; Lai et al., 2017; Woods 2012). Areas rich in natural resources are often not only conducive to the development of industrial activities, such as mining, energy development, and manufacturing. The natural and socio-economic landscapes they host may also be promoted as assets attractive to tourists seeking unique, authentic, and/or educational tourism experiences (Beer et al., 2017; de Sousa & Kastenholz, 2015; Frantál & Urbánková, 2017). Tourism has been commonly used as a tool to support economic development or regeneration in rural areas and industrial cities (Lane & Kastenholz, 2015; Petrzelka et al., 2006). When an area’s industrial activities are in decline and/or fall short in supporting its economy, tourism can provide a supplementary or alternative model to the existing industrial-based economy.

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