Allelopathic Properties of Hemp

Summary Allelopathic effects of different plant allelochemicals have become the focus of studies that aim to determine new pesticidal compounds. Plant extracts with different chemical compositions can be obtained using different methods of extraction, whereas studies dealing with allelopathic properties use biotests to obtain fast and precise results. Such studies were undertaken after noticing the allelopathic effects of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) on the surrounding crops. Trials that involve the application of hemp extracts obtained by different methods resulted in determining the hemp allelopathic effects on Stellaria media (L.)Scop., Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris var. vulgaris, Lupinus albus L., corn (Zea mays L.), Cyperus rotundus L., Matricaria recutita L., Lepidium sativum L., lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rye (Secale cereal M. Bieb.), Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Chenopodium album L., and Sorghum halepense L..

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Research on the Allelophatic Effect Between the Invasive Species Ambrosia Artemisiifolia L. (“Floarea Pustei”) and Some Agricultural Crops

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Agriculture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:4265 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nicolae HODIŞAN ◽

Gavrilă MORAR ◽

Cristina-Maria NEAG

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Crop Species ◽

Inhibiting Effect ◽

Secale Cereale L ◽

Germination And Growth

The paper presents the results of the allelopathic effect on the germination and growth of plants, immediately after springing, in the interaction between the invasive species Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (common ragweed) and five crop species: wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rape (Brassica napus L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa). The tests consisted in applying treatments with aqueous extracts obtained from young Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. plants, as well as from different vegetative organs harvested from mature plants (roots, leaves and seeds). The results show a highly significant inhibiting effect on the germination of wheat, rye, barley and rape seeds and an insignificant one in lucerne seeds. A strong inhibiting effect upon the growth of plants in early stages of vegetation was established in wheat and rape and a stimulation of growth in the same stage of vegetation in barley and lucerne.

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Results of the Research on the Allelopathic Effect Between the Neophyte Species, Iva Xanthiifolia Nutt. (“Ierboaia”) and Some Agricultural Crops

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Agriculture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:4267 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nicolae HODIŞAN

Keyword(s):

Primary Source ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Vegetative Organs ◽

Secale Cereale L ◽

Germination And Growth

Iva xanthiifolia Nutt., popularly known as “ierboaie”, is a neophyte invasive species notorious for being an allergenic weed, identified in the west of Romania, in two locations near Oradea, in Bihor County, near the border with Hungary. This species belongs to the allergenic weeds, being considered by some even more dangerous than Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., the two representing in summer the primary source of allergies, or diseases like hay fever, due to the pollen released in the atmosphere.The research is about the results of the allelophatic effect upon the germination and growth of plants, immediately after springing, viewed as the interaction between the species of Iva xanthiifolia and five other crop plants: wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rape (Brassica napus L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa). The experiments that were performed consisted in applying treatments with aqueous extracts obtained from different vegetative organs (roots, leaves, stems and seeds) harvested from Iva xanthiifolia plants. In all cases, the results indicate a rather large inhibitor effect, no matter if the aqueous extracts were obtained from green plants or dehydrated ones.

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Comparing copper requirements of canola, albus lupin, durum wheat and spring wheat grown on alkaline soils

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea03101 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 44 (9) ◽

pp. 921 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

R. F. Brennan ◽

M. D. A. Bolland

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Western Australia ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Lupinus Albus ◽

Relative Yield ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Alkaline Soils ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Cu Content

The copper (Cu) requirements of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the major crop for alkaline soils in south-western Australia, is well known. The Cu requirements of canola (Brassica napus L.), albus lupin (Lupinus albus L.) and durum wheat (Triticum durum L.), alternative crops for these soils, are not known. A glasshouse experiment, using 2 alkaline soils from south-western Australia, compared the yield and Cu content response to applications of Cu to canola, albus lupin, durum wheat and spring wheat. The Cu was applied either just before 45-days incubation in moist soil at 20°C (incubated Cu), or just before sowing after the incubation treatment (current Cu). Comparative Cu requirements were determined from yields of 45-day-old dried shoots for: (i) Cu already present in the soil (indigenous soil Cu); (ii) the amount of applied Cu required to produce the same percentage of the maximum (relative) yield of dried shoots; and (iii) the Cu content of dried shoots (Cu concentration multiplied by yield of dried shoots). The concentration of Cu in youngest tissue and in dried rest of shoots was used to determine critical Cu concentrations in tissue. Albus lupin used indigenous Cu so effectively it only showed a 10% yield increase to applied Cu. Canola used indigenous Cu more effectively than durum wheat, which was followed by spring wheat. Relative to spring wheat, durum wheat was about 15% less effective at using incubated and current Cu to produce dried shoots and canola was about 47% more effective. Therefore, to produce the same percentage of the maximum (relative) yield as spring wheat, durum wheat required about 15% more incubated and current Cu and canola required about 50% less Cu. As determined using Cu content in shoots, canola and durum wheat were about 45% more effective than spring wheat at increasing Cu content in shoots and albus lupin was about 80% more effective. Evidently, all 3 species took up more copper than spring wheat. Durum wheat did not use this Cu to produce more shoot yield than spring wheat, whereas canola did. The critical Cu concentration in the youngest tissue (mg Cu/kg), associated with 90% of the relative yield, was: 1.5 for spring wheat; 1.7 for durum wheat; 1.0 for albus lupin; and 2.2 for canola. Corresponding values (mg Cu/kg) for rest of dried shoots were: 2.5 for spring wheat; 3.2 for durum wheat; 1.3 for albus lupin; and 2.7 for canola.

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Relative effectiveness of soil-applied zinc for four crop species

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea01154 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 42 (7) ◽

pp. 985 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

R. F. Brennan ◽

M. D. A. Bolland

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Lupinus Albus ◽

Relative Effectiveness ◽

Relative Yield ◽

Zinc Content ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Alkaline Soils ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Crop Species

The yield and zinc content response of canola (Brassica napus L.), albus lupin (Lupinus albus L.), durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to applications of zinc fertiliser were compared in a glasshouse experiment using 2 alkaline soils from south-western Australia. Five amounts of zinc applied as zinc sulfate were either added just before sowing (current zinc) or incubated in moist soil for 50 days (incubated zinc) before sowing seeds. Comparative zinc requirements were determined from yields of 40-day-old dried shoots for: (i) zinc already present in the soil (indigenous zinc); (ii) the amount of fertiliser zinc required to produce the same percentage of the maximum (relative) yield of dried shoots; and (iii) the zinc content of dried shoots (zinc concentration multiplied by yield of dried shoots). The concentration of zinc in youngest tissue and in dried shoots was used to determine critical concentrations for zinc in tissue. Albus lupin used indigenous, current and incubated zinc more effectively than canola, followed by spring wheat and then durum wheat. Albus lupin and canola were about 30 and 40% more effective at using fertiliser zinc than spring wheat. Durum wheat was about 20% less effective than spring wheat. Relative to current zinc, the effectiveness of incubated zinc declined by about 60% for both spring and durum wheat, and by 50% for canola and albus lupin. The critical zinc concentrations in the youngest tissue, associated with 90% of the relative yield, were (mg zinc/kg): 14 for spring wheat, 20 for durum wheat, 16 for albus lupin and 15 for canola. Corresponding values for dried shoots (mg zinc/kg) were: 32 for spring wheat, 25 for durum wheat, 22 for albus lupin and 23 for canola.

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ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF ROSE WOOD, GUAVA, EUCALYPTUS, SACRED FIG AND JAMAN LEAF LITTER ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT ( Triticum aestivum L.) IN A WHEAT-BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582017350100060 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. IQBAL ◽

H.A. RAUF ◽

A.N. SHAH ◽

B. SHAHZAD ◽

M.A Bukhari

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Leaf Litter ◽

Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Agroforestry System ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Syzygium Cumini ◽

Allelopathic Effects

ABSTRACT Selection of tree species under agroforestry systems is crucial to sustain the productivity of a crop. In present study, allelopathic effects of the leaf litters of 5 trees named Rose wood (Dalbergia sissoo), Guava (Pisidium guajava), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), Sacred fig (Ficus religiosa) and Jaman (Syzygium cumini) species on wheat growth and yield was examined. Leaf litter of each tress species was mixed in soil with two doses @ 100 and 200 g of leaves of each species per pot. Higher shoot length, shoot dry weight, number of spikelets per spike and biological yield were recorded in 200 g sun dried Jaman (Syzygium cumini) leaves. Total number of tillers per plant and number of ears per plant were higher under the application of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves (200 g sun dried) as compared to other treatments. Spike length, grain yield per pot, number of grains per pot and harvest index were maximum in 200 g sun-dried Sacred fig (Ficu sreligiosa) leaves. Majority of the parameters were promoted at lower doses of leaves per pot, however, at higher doses they started inhibiting the growth and grain yield of wheat.

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Effects of crop type on soil microbial properties in the cropland of the Jianghan plain of China

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/283/2018-pse ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (No. 9) ◽

pp. 421-426

Author(s):

Li Jun ◽

Liu Lixin ◽

Zhang Chunlei ◽

Chen Chang ◽

Lu Guangyuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Invertase Activity ◽

Shannon Index ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Jianghan Plain ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Microbial Properties ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Soil Available Phosphorus ◽

Soil Microbial Properties

Soil microbial properties are varied by growing different crops, ultimately reflecting the growth and reproduction of crops. In this study, two types of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. ZS11 and ZY821) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ZM9023) were planted in the Jianghan plain of China. Rhizosphere soil samples were collected three months after sowing. Soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities and microbial diversity were determined. The results showed that soil available phosphorus significantly increased from 25.57 mg/kg (ZM9023) to 33.20 mg/kg (ZS11) and 35.72 mg/kg (ZY821), respectively. Invertase activity of ZS821 (0.86 mg glucose/g) was significantly lower than in ZS11 (1.04 mg glucose/g). Acid phosphatase activity under planting rapes was significantly higher than that under wheat. Urease activities significantly increased from 40.88 mg NH4+-N/g soil/24 h (NFP) to 49.04 mg NH4+-N/g soil/24 h (FNP) and 51.28 mg NH4+-N/g soil/24 h (ZM9023), 51.60 mg NH4+-N/g soil/24 h (ZY821) and 52.28 mg NH4+-N/g soil/24 h (ZS11), respectively. The ACE (abundance based coverage estimator) and Chao1 indexes of bacteria of ZS11 were lower than ZY821, which were similar to ZM9023. Fertilization increased soil bacterial ACE and Chao1 indexes. However, ACE and Chao1, Shannon and Simpson indexes of soil fungi for ZS11 were significantly higher than in ZY821, which were similar to ZM9023 (except for the Shannon index).

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Inhibitory Effects of Brassicaceae Cover Crop on Ambrosia artemisiifolia Germination and Early Growth

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040794 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 794

Author(s):

Maja Šćepanović ◽

Marija Sarić-Krsmanović ◽

Valentina Šoštarčić ◽

Ema Brijačak ◽

Josip Lakić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Syringic Acid ◽

Early Growth ◽

Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Weed Growth ◽

Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽

Allelopathic Effects ◽

Vanilic Acid

Several cover crops (CCs) exert allelopathic effects that suppress weed growth. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of aqueous extracts containing different concentrations [0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% (w/v)] of Brassicaceae CCs (Sinapis alba, Raphanus sativus, Camellina sativa) and of the CCs Fagopyrum esculentum and Guizotia abyssinica on germination and early growth of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. The allelopathic effects were species and concentration-dependent. C. sativa, for example, caused the greatest potential to inhibit germination, shoot, radicle length and fresh seedling weight, whereas S. alba and R. sativus inhibited germination and early growth of A. artemisiifolia only at concentrations ≥7.5%. In contrast, no inhibition was observed when aqueous extracts of F. escultneum and G. abyssinica were added at any of tested concentration. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry detected 15 phenolic compounds in Brassicaceae CCs with the highest content (µg/g) of vanillin (48.8), chlorogenic acid (1057), vanilic acid (79), caffeic acid (102.5) and syringic acid (27.3) in C. sativa. Our results suggest that C. sativa is the most allelopathic CCs and that the fruits of C. sativa are the plant organs richest in allelochemicals.

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Site-specific wild oat (Avena fatua L.) management

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps2012-007 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 92 (5) ◽

pp. 923-931 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

H. J. Beckie ◽

S. Shirriff

Keyword(s):

Specific Treatment ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Avena Fatua ◽

Slope Position ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Site Specific ◽

Lower Slope ◽

Upper Slope

Beckie, H. J. and Shirriff, S. 2012. Site-specific wild oat ( Avena fatua L.) management. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 923–931. Variation in soil properties, such as soil moisture, across a hummocky landscape may influence wild oat emergence and growth. To evaluate wild oat emergence, growth, and management according to landscape position, a study was conducted from 2006 to 2010 in a hummocky field in the semiarid Moist Mixed Grassland ecoregion of Saskatchewan. The hypothesis tested was that wild oat emergence and growth would be greater in lower than upper slope positions under normal or dry early growing season conditions. Three herbicide treatments were imposed on the same plots each year of a 2-yr canola (Brassica napus L.) – wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) sequence: (1) nontreated (weedy) control; (2) herbicide application to upper and lower slope positions (i.e., full or blanket application); and (3) herbicide application to lower slope position only. Slope position affected crop and weed densities before in-crop herbicide application in years with dry spring growing conditions. Site-specific wild oat herbicide application in hummocky fields in semiarid regions may be justified based on results of wild oat control averaged across slope position. In year 2 of the crop sequence (wheat), overall (i.e., lower and upper slope) wild oat control based on density, biomass, and dockage (i.e., seed return) was similar between site-specific and full herbicide treatment in 2 of 3 yr. Because economic thresholds have not been widely adopted by growers in managing wild oat, site-specific treatment in years when conditions warrant may be an appropriate compromise between no application and blanket herbicide application.

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ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF Cyperus rotundus L. EXTRACTS ON GERMINATION AND COWPEA SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v6i3.4708 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 261

Author(s):

João Alves Ferreira Pereira ◽

Tatiana Maria da Silva ◽

Andreza Raquel Barbosa de Farias ◽

Alexandre Bosco de Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Early Growth ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Root Weight ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Germination Speed ◽

Allelopathic Effects

POTENCIAL ALELOPÁTICO DE EXTRATOS DE Cyperus rotundus L. NA GERMINAÇÃO E ESTABELECIMENTO DE PLÂNTULAS DE FEIJÃO-CAUPI Este trabalho investigou os efeitos alelopáticos de extratos de Cyperus rotundus L. na germinação de sementes e crescimento inicial das plântulas de Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. Extratos alcoólicos nas concentrações 0; 1,5%; 3,0%; 4,5%; 6,0%; 7,5% e 9,0%, obtidos a partir da trituração de folhas de C. rotundus L. foram utilizados para umedecimento das folhas de papel toalha “germitest”. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância pelo F e as médias comparadas pelos testes de Tukey e Kruscal-Wallis, ambos a 5% de probabilidade. A primeira contagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento de raiz, comprimento da parte aérea e massa seca da raiz do feijão-caupi foram analisados de forma paramétrica, sendo constatado que apenas houve significância na variável primeira contagem e uma redução na germinação em relação ao tratamento controle em torno de 10%. Nas condições em que essa pesquisa foi realizada, os extratos alcoólicos de C. rotundus L. não afetam a germinação de sementes e crescimento inicial das plântulas de feijão-caupi.Palavras-chave: tiririca, alelopatia, interferência, plantas daninhas. ABSTRACT:This study aimed to investigate the allelopathic effects of Cyperus rotundus L. extracts on seed germination and early development of seedlings of Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. Alcoholic extracts at concentrations of 0, 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, 6.0%, 7.5%, and 9.0% were obtained by crushing C. rotundus L. leaves used to moisten the “germitest” paper sheets. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and also both Tukey and Kruscal-Wallis tests were carried out at 5% for the data means. The first germination count, germination speed index, root length, shoot length, and dry root weight of cowpea were parametrically analyzed. The only variable with significance was first germination count. The germination reducted in relation to the control treatment around 10%. Thus, in the conditions used in this research, alcoholic extracts of C. rotundus L. did not affect either seed germination or early growth of cowpea seedlings.Keywords: nut grass, allelopathy, interference, weeds. DOI:

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Nematocidial activity of aqueous solutions of plants of the families Cupressaceae, Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Cannabaceae and Apiaceae

Biosystems Diversity ◽

10.15421/011931 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 227-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

O. O. Boyko ◽

V. V. Brygadyrenko

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Root Zone ◽

Taraxacum Officinale ◽

Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Foeniculum Vulgare ◽

Conium Maculatum ◽

Nematode Larvae

In natural ecosystems of animals, introduction of larvae of parasitic nematodes into the litter layer from excrement facilitates their migration and search of new host vertebrate animals. In such conditions they are constantly affected by biologically active substances of the abundant species of plants which grow in pastures. Currently, the influence of substances present in the above-ground part of plants on the vitality of larvae of helminths in the environment remains unstudied. In this article, we present the results of our research on the nematocidial activity in vitro in the aqueous solutions of 21 species of plants distributed in the territory of Steppe Ukraine: Sanguisorba officinalis L., Rosa canina L., Crataegus sanguinea Pall., Crataegus pentagyna Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd., Armeniaca vulgaris Lam., Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg., Iva xanthiifolia Nutt., Artemisia campestris L., Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Cannabis sativa L., Humulus lupulus L., Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall., Vicia cracca L., Lotus ucrainicus Klok., Onobrychis arenaria (Kit.) DC., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Eryngium planum L., Conium maculatum L., Juniperus communis L., Thuja occidentalis L. The level of vitality of nematode larvae of the Strongylida (Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803)) and Rhabditida (Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856)) orders varied depending on the species of plant, and also five experimental concentrations in aqueous solutions tested in seven replications. The most notable nematocidial effect was exerted by Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. – we observed death of larvae of third stage development L3 H. contortus and larvae of first-third stages L1–3 S. papillosus at 24 h exposure to 3% aqueous solution. Three percent aqueous solutions of S. officinalis and A. artemisiifolia displayed nematocidial properties only against S. papillosus: death of L1–3 S. papillosus was observed. Aqueous solutions of R. canina, A. vulgaris, A. minus, H. lupulus, V. cracca, L. ucrainicus, O. arenaria, E. planum, C. maculatum, J. communis, Th. occidentalis had lethal effect only on non-invasive larvae (larvae of the first and second stage L1–2) of S. papillosus. They displayed no nematocidial properties towards invasive larvae of H. contortus and S. papillosus. At exposure to aqueous solutions of the rest of the studied species of plants, over 50% of L3 H. contortus and L1–3 S. papillosus larvae remained alive. The determined patterns allow us to state that while living in the litter and soil in the root zone of plants nematode larvae undergoa negative influence caused by some plant species.

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