scholarly journals GHB receptors - a new trend in psychopharmacology?

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-298
Author(s):  
Jakub Siembida ◽  
Kaja Karakuła
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Date Rape ◽  
Alcohol Addiction ◽  
Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽  
Dopaminergic Transmission ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Current State ◽  
Date Rape Drug

Abstract Introduction: Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is commonly known as a recreation drug or the so-called “date rape drug”. It is also used in medicine to treat narcolepsy and alcohol addiction. GHB has an affinity for two types of receptors: GABAB and the relatively recently discovered GHB receptors. GHB receptors were first cloned in 2003 in mice and then in 2007 in humans. So far, evidence has been presented for their impact on dopaminergic transmission, which may imply that they play a role in the pathogenesis of diseases such as schizophrenia. At the same time, it has been demonstrated that benzamide antipsychotic drugs have an affinity for GHB receptors, which is why it is postulated that some of the effects of these drugs may result precisely from this affinity. Aim: The study presents the current state of knowledge about GHB receptors and their potential role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and discusses drugs which show an affinity for this receptor. Material and method: The literature review was based on a search of articles indexed between 1965 and 2018 in Medline, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and Research Gate databases. The following search terms were used: GHB receptor, GHB, sulpiride, and amisulpride. Result and discussion: 1. It is possible that GHB receptors are involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, although more research is needed in this area. 2. Part of the effects of some benzamide antipsychotic drugs (such as amisulpride) may be due to their affinity for GHB receptors.

scholarly journals Synthesis and stability study of a new major metabolite of γ-hydroxybutyric acid

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 641-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Nymann Petersen ◽  
Jesper Langgaard Kristensen ◽  
Christian Tortzen ◽  
Torben Breindahl ◽  
Daniel Sejer Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Date Rape ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Major Metabolite ◽  
Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽  
Detection Window ◽  
Forensic Scientists ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Date Rape Drug ◽  
Hydroxybutanoic Acid

γ-Hydroxybutanoic acid (GHB) is used as a date-rape drug, which renders the victims unconscious and defenceless. Intoxications are very difficult to detect for forensic scientists due to rapid metabolism to endogenous levels of GHB. We recently discovered a new major metabolite, 2, of GHB (1) that could potentially extend the analytical detection window for GHB intoxications. Herein we disclose synthetic procedures based on a Koenigs–Knorr glucuronidation approach that provides GHB glucuronide 2 and a deuterium-labelled analogue d 4-2 of high purity suitable for analytical chemistry. In addition, we have assessed the stability of GHB glucuronide 2 by mimicking the natural pH range for urine, which is of importance in the development of new analytical methods. Using NMR we show that GHB glucuronide 2 is highly stable towards aqueous hydrolysis within the pH range normally observed for urine even at elevated temperature.

Colorimetric paper sensor for visual detection of date-rape drug γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)

2021 ◽  
pp. 130598
Author(s):  
Seong Uk Son ◽  
Soojin Jang ◽  
Byunghoon Kang ◽  
Junseok Kim ◽  
Jaewoo Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Detection ◽  
Date Rape ◽  
Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽  
Date Rape Drug ◽  
Paper Sensor

A Colorimetric Sensor Array for the Detection of the Date-Rape Drug γ-Hydroxybutyric Acid (GHB): A Supramolecular Approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 4489-4495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent A. Baumes ◽  
Mireia Buaki Sogo ◽  
Pedro Montes-Navajas ◽  
Avelino Corma ◽  
Hermenegildo Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Array ◽  
Date Rape ◽  
Colorimetric Sensor ◽  
Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽  
Colorimetric Sensor Array ◽  
Date Rape Drug

scholarly journals Beyond just politics: A systematic literature review of online participation

First Monday ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Lutz ◽  
Christian Pieter Hoffmann ◽  
Miriam Meckel
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Online Participation ◽  
Disciplinary Boundaries ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Research

This paper presents a systematic literature review of the current state–of–research on online participation. The review draws on four databases and is guided by the application of six topical search terms. The analysis strives to differentiate distinct forms of online participation and to identify salient discourses within each research field. We find that research on online participation is highly segregated into specific sub–discourses that reflect disciplinary boundaries. Research on online political participation and civic engagement is identified as the most prominent and extensive research field. Yet research on other forms of participation, such as cultural, business, education and health participation, provides distinct perspectives and valuable insights. We outline both field–specific and common findings and derive propositions for future research. 

scholarly journals Inside Cover: A Colorimetric Sensor Array for the Detection of the Date-Rape Drug γ-Hydroxybutyric Acid (GHB): A Supramolecular Approach (Chem. Eur. J. 15/2010)

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 4408-4408
Author(s):  
Laurent A. Baumes ◽  
Mireia Buaki Sogo ◽  
Pedro Montes-Navajas ◽  
Avelino Corma ◽  
Hermenegildo Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Array ◽  
Date Rape ◽  
Colorimetric Sensor ◽  
Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽  
Colorimetric Sensor Array ◽  
Date Rape Drug

scholarly journals The Hyperloop System and Stakeholders: A Review and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8430
Author(s):  
Lambros Mitropoulos ◽  
Annie Kortsari ◽  
Alexandros Koliatos ◽  
Georgia Ayfantopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Online Search ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Transport Mode ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Current State ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Holistic Assessment ◽  
The Eu

The hyperloop is an innovative land transport mode for passengers and freight that travels at ultra-high speeds. Lately, different stakeholders have been engaged in the research and development of hyperloop components. The novelty of the hyperloop necessitates certain directions to be followed toward the development and testing of its technological components as well the formation of regulations and planning processes. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive literature review of hyperloop publications to record the current state of progress of hyperloop components, including the pod, the infrastructure, and the communication system, and identify involved EU stakeholders. Blending this information results in future directions. An online search of English-based publications was performed to finally consider 107 studies on the hyperloop and identify 81 stakeholders in the EU. The analysis shows that the hyperloop-related activities are almost equally distributed between Europe (39%) and Asia (38%), and the majority of EU stakeholders are located in Spain (26%) and Germany (20%), work on the traction of the pod (37%) and the tube (28%), and study impacts including safety (35%), energy (33%), and cost (30%). Existing tube systems and testing facilities for the hyperloop lack full-scale tracks, which creates a hurdle for the testing and development of the hyperloop system. The presented analysis and findings provide a holistic assessment of the hyperloop system and its stakeholders and suggest future directions to develop a successful transport system.

Azo Dye-based Optical Probe for the Detection toward Mimic Molecule of Date Rape Drug

2021 ◽  
pp. 106237
Author(s):  
Jiwon Ryu ◽  
Ramalingam Manivannan ◽  
Young-A Son
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dye ◽  
Date Rape ◽  
Optical Probe ◽  
Date Rape Drug

scholarly journals How to Improve Effectiveness of Renewable Space Heating Programs by Better Understanding Homeowner—Installer Interactions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4625
Author(s):  
Alisa Freyre ◽  
Stefano Cozza ◽  
Matthias Rüetschi ◽  
Meinrad Bürer ◽  
Marlyne Sahakian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Current State ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Improved Technology

In this paper, we perform a literature review on the current state of knowledge about homeowners in the context of the adoption of renewable heating systems. Despite a considerable number of studies about homeowners, homeowner–installer interactions, and ways to improve the effectiveness of renewable heating programs, based on homeowner knowledge, have not yet been studied in much detail. To address these knowledge gaps, we conduct a qualitative study on single-family house owners who installed heat pumps and took part in a renewable heating program in Geneva, Switzerland. We cover homeowner practices in choosing installers and heating system types, homeowners’ feedback about heat pump installation and use, as well as their experience in participation in the renewable heating program. Based on the literature review and the findings from the interviews, we provide the following recommendations on how to increase the effectiveness of renewable heating programs: (a) support for homeowners should not be limited to financial incentives; (b) partnership programs with installers could help to increase the quality of installation services and enable homeowners to choose qualified installers; and (c) assisting homeowners in pre-qualification and ex-post analysis, in learning how to operate their renewable heating systems and in solving problems during the post-installation period, can contribute to improved technology reputation, which can, in turn, increase technology uptake by other homeowners.

Comparison of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and the “date rape” drug GHB: behavioral toxicology in the mouse model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella Arfè ◽  
Sabrine Bilel ◽  
Micaela Tirri ◽  
Paolo Frisoni ◽  
Giovanni Serpelloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Date Rape ◽  
Behavioral Toxicology ◽  
Date Rape Drug
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