scholarly journals How to Improve Effectiveness of Renewable Space Heating Programs by Better Understanding Homeowner—Installer Interactions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4625
Author(s):  
Alisa Freyre ◽  
Stefano Cozza ◽  
Matthias Rüetschi ◽  
Meinrad Bürer ◽  
Marlyne Sahakian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Current State ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Improved Technology

In this paper, we perform a literature review on the current state of knowledge about homeowners in the context of the adoption of renewable heating systems. Despite a considerable number of studies about homeowners, homeowner–installer interactions, and ways to improve the effectiveness of renewable heating programs, based on homeowner knowledge, have not yet been studied in much detail. To address these knowledge gaps, we conduct a qualitative study on single-family house owners who installed heat pumps and took part in a renewable heating program in Geneva, Switzerland. We cover homeowner practices in choosing installers and heating system types, homeowners’ feedback about heat pump installation and use, as well as their experience in participation in the renewable heating program. Based on the literature review and the findings from the interviews, we provide the following recommendations on how to increase the effectiveness of renewable heating programs: (a) support for homeowners should not be limited to financial incentives; (b) partnership programs with installers could help to increase the quality of installation services and enable homeowners to choose qualified installers; and (c) assisting homeowners in pre-qualification and ex-post analysis, in learning how to operate their renewable heating systems and in solving problems during the post-installation period, can contribute to improved technology reputation, which can, in turn, increase technology uptake by other homeowners.

scholarly journals Efficient central heating and modern heat sources

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Monika Pawlita
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Heating Source ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Family House

Background: The methods of heating houses with system components determine the energy-saving systems. Energy-saving solutions allow to maintain comfortable conditions in the house, while minimizing the cost associated with its operation and at the same time helping to protect natural environment. The examples of such solutions include condensing boilers, heat pumps and solar collectors.Material and methods: The object of the analysis in this paper is typical single-family house occupying the area of 150 m². The comparison of analyzed heating system for a single-family house, including modern energy sources, allows the assessment of the most cost-effective method of heating. Results: Choosing rational method of heating for a single-family house is dictated mainly by economic reasons. The efficiency of the heating sources is also very important. In addition, an important factor is a heating period, which depends on the weather conditions in a given year.Conclusions: The costs of fuel/energy are still growing. Fuel selection is determined mainly by fuel calorific value and the price. To select the type of the heating source one must take into account the cost of kWh of heat.

scholarly journals Heat Supply Comparison in a Single-Family House with Radiator and Floor Heating Systems

Buildings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Amir Vadiee ◽  
Ambrose Dodoo ◽  
Elaheh Jalilzadehazhari
Keyword(s):  
Heat Supply ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Family House ◽  
Flooring Material ◽  
Floor Heating

Floor heating and radiators are two of the most common types of hydronic heating systems used for space heating in single-family houses in cold climate regions. Notwithstanding, there are few comparative studies on indoor temperature distribution and system cost evaluations for radiators and floor heating. Furthermore, there are no aligned outcomes in terms of total heat supply for a single-family house with radiators or floor heating. In this study, the effect of building energy efficiency level and construction type, including flooring material, on the supply heating demand and transmission heat losses were studied for both radiator and floor heating systems. For this purpose, a single-family house located in Växjö, Sweden, was modeled as a case study. The heating demand was supplied with a district heating system with a similar supply temperature at 45 °C for both the radiator and floor heating system. A sensitivity analysis was also performed to assess the effect of flooring configurations on the annual supply heating demand for both conventional and passive versions of the case-study building. The results showed that the radiator-integrated building had a lower supply heating demand in comparison with the floor heating-integrated buildings. Based on the sensitivity studies, the flooring material did not have a significant influence on the supply heating demand and on the transmission heat losses in the case of the radiators. The supply heating demand was only reduced up to 3% if the flooring U-value was improved by 60%. The results also showed that refurbishment in a standard conventional building with a radiator heating system based on the passive criteria led to a 58% annual energy savings, while this amount for a building with a floor heating system was approximately 49%.

scholarly journals Environmental-economic analysis of the heating system for a single-family building

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00054
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Jachura
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Family Building

This paper discusses the use of modern and effective heating systems, using fossil fuels and renewable energy sources on the example of a comparative analysis of a gas boiler and heat pump for a single-family building. The aim of the work was to conduct a comparative analysis of heating systems in terms of energy, economy and ecology. The concepts of heating systems based on a gas boiler and a heat pump are proposed. An economic analysis based on the LCC and ecological method was carried out, related to the equivalent emission, in order to compare the degree of environmental nuisance of the proposed heat sources. For the building in question, a more advantageous solution was the use of a system based on a condensing gas boiler. The economic analysis shows that in the assumed life cycle (20 years), the total cost for a heating system based on a gas boiler is lower than in the case of a heat pump by 11%. Also, the initial costs in this variant are lower by nearly half compared to the heat pump system. Environmental analyzes have shown lower annual emissions of pollutants and a 6-fold lower equivalent emission for a gas-fired heating system.

scholarly journals Experimental Verification of CFD Simulation When Evaluating the Operative Temperature and Mean Radiation Temperature for Radiator Heating and Floor Heating

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1041
Author(s):  
Pavol Mičko ◽  
Andrej Kapjor ◽  
Michal Holubčík ◽  
Dávid Hečko
Keyword(s):  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Radiation Temperature ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Thermal Discomfort ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Suitable Environment

The assessment of heating systems is not only interested in the efficiency of the heating system itself, but also in the quality of the environment that the heating system creates. The quality of the environment and the heat-humidity microclimate is closely related to thermal comfort. A suitable environment has a positive effect, for example, on the efficiency of work at the workplace. The range of temperatures, humidity and operating temperatures in workplaces is often also legally prescribed in such a way that there is no thermal discomfort for users in the heated space. In terms of savings, it is therefore best to use heating systems that can create a comfortable environment with the lowest possible energy costs. During their development, variations are possible with temperature gradients, the size of the heat exchange area, or the ratio of the radiant and convective components of heat transfer. When developing such systems, it is appropriate to consider CFD simulations. The comparison of the results of CFD simulation and experimental measurement is also in the following article, where the comparison of the operating temperature and the mean radiation temperature of two different heating systems in the model office is monitored.

scholarly journals Comparison of 4th and 5th generation district heating systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 09004
Author(s):  
Oddgeir Gudmundsson ◽  
Anders Dyrelund ◽  
Jan Eric Thorsen
Keyword(s):  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
District Energy ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
Operating Temperatures ◽  
New Research ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Heat

In a pursuit to increase the efficiency of district heating system there has been a continuous focus to reduce the system operating temperatures. This has led to the current state of the art district heating systems, commonly referred to as the 4th generation district heating, also known as low temperature district heating (LTDH). The success of the LTDH has fuelled a lot of research interest in district energy systems, one of the new research topics has been focusing on reducing the operating temperatures down to the ambient temperature (ATDH), commonly referred as 5th generation district heating. In these systems the supply temperature is insufficient for fulfilling the heating demands of the connected buildings, which then requires end-user located heat pumps to raise the supply temperature to the level required by the buildings. As of today, number of ATDH systems have been realized as part of various research projects. The question however remains if ATDH brings additional benefits compared to LTDH. This paper compares the levelized cost of heat from these two systems types for two countries with different climate zones. The results of the analysis indicate that LTDH is the favourable solution in both countries.

scholarly journals System efficiency of PVT-collector driven heat pumps

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 00026
Author(s):  
Franz Hengel ◽  
Christian Heschl ◽  
Franz Inschlag ◽  
Peter Klanatsky
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Temperature Level ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Active Cooling ◽  
Ground Heat Exchangers ◽  
Improved Performance

Standard heat pump (HP) systems with horizontal ground heat exchangers (HGHE) are commonly designed based on arbitrary knowledge gained over time and the use of the rule of thumb. Where an undersizing of the HGHE occurs, the HP efficiencies are lowered. Undersizing could result as a consequence of underestimating the soils thermal conductivity. Therefore, this paper considers the combined photovoltaic and solar thermal (PVT) collectors as an extension to standard HP heating systems with a HGHE in single-family houses with the possibility of improving the COP of the HP at a later stage and effortlessly. With the implemented hydronic scheme, the PVT-collector is also used to regenerate the soil around the ground to increase the temperature level of the heat source resulting in improved performance. However, the efficiency potential of the PV-Cells due to active cooling of the modules is analyzed. The results show an increase of the seasonal performance factor (SPF) of 4.1 % and higher electric energy output of 4.4% due to active cooling of the PV-Cells while energy consumption of the regeneration pump is covered.

scholarly journals Application of Regression and ANN Models for Heat Pumps with Field Measurements

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1750
Author(s):  
Anjan Rao Puttige ◽  
Staffan Andersson ◽  
Ronny Östin ◽  
Thomas Olofsson
Keyword(s):  
Field Measurements ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Ann Models ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Relative Root

Developing accurate models is necessary to optimize the operation of heating systems. A large number of field measurements from monitored heat pumps have made it possible to evaluate different heat pump models and improve their accuracy. This study used measured data from a heating system consisting of three heat pumps to compare five regression and two artificial neural network (ANN) models. The models’ performance was compared to determine which model was suitable during the design and operation stage by calibrating them using data provided by the manufacturer and the measured data. A method to refine the ANN model was also presented. The results indicate that simple regression models are more suitable when only manufacturers’ data are available, while ANN models are more suited to utilize a large amount of measured data. The method to refine the ANN model is effective at increasing the accuracy of the model. The refined models have a relative root mean square error (RMSE) of less than 5%.

scholarly journals Analysis of energy generation by air-water heat pumps for individual building heating systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 04006
Author(s):  
Sergey Kuzmin
Keyword(s):  
Heating System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Mild Winter ◽  
Characteristic Points ◽  
Climatic Characteristics ◽  
Energy Components

The work provides a method of determining the number of energy components of the heating system of residential individual buildings with air-to-water heat pumps in the conditions of changing potential of heat-containing environment for different climatic areas. On the basis of the analytical and empirical dependencies obtained, reflecting the connection between the energy indicators of the heating-heat pump system, the heating system and heat pumps were analyzed during the heating period. Graphic dependences on energy consumption and thermal energy production on climatic characteristics - temperature and duration of its standing for the characteristic points of the country’s climatic zones - “moderate-cold,” “moderate” and “warm with mild winter” are given. Conclusions have been drawn about the possibility and prospects of using heat pumps as heat generators in heating systems.

scholarly journals Demand-oriented Hydronic Heating System and the Active One-pipe System Design Tool

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 01091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zlevor Ondřej ◽  
Dostál Jiří
Keyword(s):  
Heating System ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Pipe System ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Current State ◽  
Historical Outline ◽  
Air Handling Units ◽  
The One

This article is focused on hydronic heating systems that use pumps as the control actuators instead of valves. Those systems are called “demand-oriented”, while the systems being controlled by valves are called “supply-oriented”. Reader gets an overview of various versions of both demand- and supply-oriented systems using both one- and two-pipe topologies, supported by a brief historical outline, current state of the art and basic advantages and disadvantages of the introduced hydronic systems. The special interest is given to the one-pipe demand-oriented systems, which offer several benefits in comparison with nowadays widespread systems (mainly supply-oriented two-pipe), however, the computation complexity of design of such systems inhibits their more frequent utilization. This paper also introduces a computation and optimization tool to help with the design of one-pipe demand oriented hydronic heating systems, which eases the designer to size the AHU (Air Handling Units) and to set the mass flows of fluid in the system branches.

scholarly journals Heating systems through the lens of the boiler: Detailed case studies to inform current and future heating system design

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-342
Author(s):  
George Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
The Future

Boilers in hydronic heating systems are the norm in the UK. Through case study analysis, covering four houses with gas central heating systems for over one year and utilising novel monitoring of the on-board diagnostic data of the boilers, performance issues were identified in this mature technology. ON/OFF cycling behaviour and oversizing were prevalent with boilers consistently unable to modulate low enough to match the building space heating demand. Cycling behaviour resulted, known to be detrimental to efficiency, with the majority of boiler operations lasting less than 10 min. Targeted case study analysis of incumbent technologies, such as boilers, utilising the latest in data collection techniques and connected appliances provides a cost effective insight to broader issues. Implications for domestic energy demand range from incremental improvements in boiler system efficiency by addressing cycling to the updating of building energy assessment models (e.g. Standard Assessment Procedure) to reflect and reward the benefits of good installation practices. An improved understanding of boiler operation may support improved product design and installation practices and are beneficial to the next generation of domestic heat, such as heat pumps. By undertaking continued in situ analysis of the incumbent technology, a more thorough foundation for the future can be ascertained. Fundamental issues of oversizing and detrimental cycling behaviour are persisting in the industry. Practical steps can be taken immediately to avoid oversizing of boilers. Building an awareness of performance penalties associated with poorly planned heating installations will have added benefit for more dynamically sensitive technologies in the future, such as heat pumps.

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