scholarly journals Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) reaction to climate change in the provenance tests in the north of the Russian plain

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-149
Author(s):  
Elena N. Nakvasina ◽  
Nadezhda A. Prozherina
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Reaction Norm ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Seed Transfer ◽  
Northern Latitude ◽  
The North

Abstract Species with continuous distribution area will be impacted by climate change in different ways. That is related to the population’s geographical position and climate features of the population formation. Short-term response of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was studied with taken into consideration intraspecies features of populations. Provenance tests in the Arkhangelsk (62.60 N, 39.98 E) and Vologda (62.60 N, 39.98E) regions located in the north of the Russian Plain were used. Provenances collection (23 provenances from the northern, middle, and southern taiga subzones and mixed forest zone) from areas with different climate characteristics was considered. Clinal variability and a reaction norm of vegetative and generative response to various levels of temperature change and seed transfer were studied. Average actual height and diameter values for 31-year provenances and calculated values for provenances were compared using ‘latitudinal growth coefficient’ proposed by I.V. Volosevich (1984) for the north of the Russian Plain. Provenance reproductive ability response was assessed using seed-bearing trees’ numbers in provenances of the 1st class of age. Pine growing in the north of the Russian Plain would respond to warming by productivity increasing more significantly than pine growing in the south. Response of pine from the northern and middle taiga subzones on climate warming can be expected on 1.01 m and 1.12 cm to temperature rise by 100°C for height and diameter, and 0.85 m and 0.93 cm for seeds transfer to 1 degree of northern latitude to southward. Probable reaction norm for pine reproduction potential under temperature change by 100°C of the sum of the temperatures above 10ºС and seed transfer by 1 degree of northern latitude can be expected about 6%.

Vegetation structure of tundra and taiga on the map of the natural vegetation of Europe

2007 ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Yurkovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Space Structure ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
The North ◽  
Tundra Vegetation ◽  
Starting Point

I have focused only on some features of structure in the taiga vegetation cover. In conclusion I would like to tell some words about the causes of complicated space structure of the taiga and tundra vegetation cover. The causes of latitudinal differentiation are climatic undoubtedly, but heterogeneity of vegetation cover within the limits of tundra and taiga subzones is accounted for different factors. In tundra abiogenic factors prevail, first of all the permafrost processes. That is the reason why tundra vegetation cover is so sensible to any disturbances and so hard regenerates after various transformations. In taiga the space structure is mostly the result of self-regulation and self- restoration of biota. The abiotic factors, certainly, play significant role, but they recede to the second plan. So we showed that in the north and middle taiga the structure of vegetation cover, during the Holocene up to present time, is determined in many respects by the increasing role of mires. Suffice it to look at the map of distribution of mires in order to estimate their role in vegetation cover of the easteuropean taiga (Yurkovskaya, 1980). So, the increase of mire area on the Russian Plain in m2/year per 1000 ha varies between 200 and 700, the average increas is ca 300—400 m2/year (Elina et all., 2000). The mires favour peniplenization and unite the separate areas of forest communities into the whole by means of forming the buffer paludificated territories (various hydrophilous variants of forest communities). But if mires, at all their stability, after destroying practically don't restore, the forests even after continuous cuttings restore their structure and composition through the series of successional stages unless an ecotope is damaged completely. Hence the space structure of taiga is the result, first of all, self development and self regulation of its vegetation cover. But, as it is known, at present time the process of destruction of natural biota has gone too far that the question arises not only about supporting its state and structure but also about the survival of the mankind itself. In this regard the vegetation map of Europe is the invaluable basis, which gives the starting point for all conservational, ecological and economical measures. But it is important to learn reading and using the map. And this is one of our actual goals.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of managed boreal forests in Finland to climate change, with implications for adaptive management

2007 ◽  
Vol 363 (1501) ◽  
pp. 2339-2349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seppo Kellomäki ◽  
Heli Peltola ◽  
Tuula Nuutinen ◽  
Kari T Korhonen ◽  
Harri Strandman
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Forests ◽  
Climate Change Model

This study investigated the sensitivity of managed boreal forests to climate change, with consequent needs to adapt the management to climate change. Model simulations representing the Finnish territory between 60 and 70° N showed that climate change may substantially change the dynamics of managed boreal forests in northern Europe. This is especially probable at the northern and southern edges of this forest zone. In the north, forest growth may increase, but the special features of northern forests may be diminished. In the south, climate change may create a suboptimal environment for Norway spruce. Dominance of Scots pine may increase on less fertile sites currently occupied by Norway spruce. Birches may compete with Scots pine even in these sites and the dominance of birches may increase. These changes may reduce the total forest growth locally but, over the whole of Finland, total forest growth may increase by 44%, with an increase of 82% in the potential cutting drain. The choice of appropriate species and reduced rotation length may sustain the productivity of forest land under climate change.

scholarly journals A Review of Ocean Dynamics in the North Atlantic: Achievements and Challenges

Climate ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Knut Lehre Seip
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Ocean Dynamics ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Climate Change ◽  
Global Temperature Change ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Over Time

I address 12 issues related to the study of ocean dynamics and its impact on global temperature change, regional and local climate change, and on the North Atlantic ecosystem. I outline the present achievements and challenges that lie ahead. I start with observations and methods to extend the observations of ocean oscillations over time and end with challenges to find connections between ocean dynamics in the North Atlantic and dynamics in other parts of the globe.

Productivity and wood quality of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in postagrogenic forests

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.В. Голубева ◽  
Е.Н. Наквасина ◽  
Н.С. Минин
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Agricultural Use

Рассмотрено состояние насаждений на постагрогенных залежах Каргопольского района Архангельской области, где из сельскохозяйственного оборота выбыло около 200 тыс. га плодородных земель. Почвы района отличаются от фоновых подзолистых почв подзоны средней тайги и характеризуются как дерново-подзолистые остаточно-карбонатные, хорошо дренированные с высоким содержанием гумуса, подвижного фосфора и калия, закрепленных агрохимическими приемами во время активного сельскохозяйственного пользования – пахоты. На постагрогенных залежах Каргопольского района формируются древесные насаждения разных пород, как хозяйственно-ценных (ель, сосна), так и мягколиственных (ольха, осина, береза). Процессы лесовозобновления, протекающие в таких условиях, существенно отличаются от аналогичных, происходящих на нативных землях. Изучены постагрогенные насаждения сосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.), сформированные на залежах, выведенные из активного сельскохозяйственного пользования (пахоты) более 40 лет назад. В этих условиях произрастают чистые однопородные одновозрастные сосняки I–III классов бонитета, с разреженными древостоями, низкополнотные, но по запасу превышающие нативные насаждения на 20…68%. Высокая интенсивность роста сосны может привести к изменениям показателей макроструктуры древесины и, как следствие, к изменению плотности древесины. Установлено, что у сосны на залежах в молодом возрасте (I–II классы возраста) ширина годичных колец почти в 2 раза больше, по сравнению с контрольным вариантом (сосняк на зональных подзолистых почвах), однако к 45–65 годам различия сглаживаются. Базисная плотность древесины на 10% ниже стандартных показателей, но в III–IV классах возраста выравнивается и приближается к нормативной. Выведенные из сельскохозяйственного пользования земли, и прежде всего пашни, обладают высоким потенциалом для лесовыращивания, на них можно вырастить высокопродуктивные сосновые насаждения с качеством древесины, близким к нормативным. The article discusses the state of the plantings on postagrogenic deposits of Kargopol District of the Arkhangelsk region in which about 200 th. ha of fertile land were excluded from agricultural use. Soils differ from the background podzolic soils of the middle taiga subzone, and they are characterized as sod-podzolic residual-calcareous, well-drained rich in humus, mobile phosphorus and potassium fixed by agrochemical techniques during an active agricultural use – plowing. In the Kargopol District postagrogenic deposits are formed of different breeds tree plantations as economically valuable (spruce, pine) and softwood (alder, aspen, birch). Reforestation processes occurring in such conditions are significantly different from those occurring on native lands. Postagrogenic plantations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), formed on the deposits derived from active agricultural use (plowing) over 40 years ago were studied. Under these circumstances, even-aged pine pure stand I–III quality category, with sparse stands of trees, low-density, but reserves exceed native plantings on 20...68% grow. The high growth rate of pine may lead to a change in macrostructure wood and, as a consequence, a change in the density of the wood. It was found that the width of tree rings of pine trees on fallow lands at a young age (I–II age classes), is almost 2 times more in comparison with the control variant (pine zone on podzolic soils), but in 45–65 years the differences are smoothed out. Basic wood density is 10% below than the standard indicators, but in III–IV age class it is leveled and becomes standard. Exclusion from the use of agricultural land, especially arable land, has a high potential for forest growing, they can grow high-yielding crops with quality pine wood, close to the standard.

scholarly journals Adaptive Potential of Northernmost Tree Populations to Climate Change, with Emphasis on Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 526-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Savolainen ◽  
S. T. Kujala ◽  
C. Sokol ◽  
T. Pyhajarvi ◽  
K. Avia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Adaptive Potential

scholarly journals Provenance experiment with spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Picea obovata (Ledeb.)) in the North of Russia (Arkhangelsk region)

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena N. Nakvasina ◽  
Alexey G. Volkov ◽  
Nadezhda A. Prozherina
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Average Height ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Picea Obovata ◽  
Arkhangelsk Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Climatic Characteristics

Abstract This research presents the variability in the survival and growth for 27 provenances of spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Picea obovata (Ledeb.)). All the tests were carried out in Russia, Arkhangelsk region, 62º 54’ N, 40º 24’ E, in the northernmost site of the State Geographic Network, established in 1977. For the research on the spruce provenances, standard methods for studying the geographic variation of the main forest-forming species were used. Growth rates of provenances were correlated with their geographical coordinates and climatic characteristics. Data was expressed in standard deviation units to select the best in growth provenances. Despite the significant differences in the location of the original stands (up to 12º N and 37º E), variability in survival, height and diameter is low (coefficient of variation is 12.2–19. 0%). Obtained data indicated that provenances’ growth is correlated on longitude of the location rather than on the latitude. Diameter and average height of provenances significantly depend on annual rainfall. The height of provenance is mostly dependent on the location of the initial habitats and their climatic characteristics. It is also related to the length of the growing season and the air temperature (annual average and in January). Groups of the provenances of the best and the worst growth were distinguished. The group of the best ones on the integral indicator (volume stand) includes provenances of the western origin represented by P. abies and its immediate hybrids – Karelia (3), Vologda (24), Leningrad (5), Pskov (7) and Moscow (29) Regions – and provenances of the eastern one represented by P. obovata – Komi (26) and Perm (38) Region. High plasticity of spruce (P. abies (L.) Karst. × P. obovata (Ledeb.)), growing within the Russian Plain, in sufficiently favourable conditions of middle taiga subzone (Arkhangelsk Region, Russia) was proved.

scholarly journals Afforestation of abandoned peat extraction sites with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) as a solution of climate change mitigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelina Skrastina ◽  
◽  
Inga Straupe ◽  
Andis Lazdins ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Peat Extraction ◽  
Ghg Reduction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Change Mitigation

On a global scale, ambitious climate change mitigation targets are set. By 2050, the European Union is expected to be climate neutral which means that the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions will not exceed removals. This initiative is also supported by Latvia. For businesses and carbon intensive industries transition to climate neutral economy will be provided by Just Transition Fund. The direction of the peat sector towards climate neutrality will promote research and innovation as well as restoration of peat extraction sites. These are also the objectives of implementing the Just Transition Fund for investments in Latvia. Studies on management of peat soils to improve the calculation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have been carried out in Latvia within LIFE REstore project. The aim of the study is to assess the impact of afforestation of abandoned peat extraction sites with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) on GHG emissions compared to retaining of the existing situation (abandoned peatlands with poorly developed vegetation). Afforestation of degraded peatlands can contribute to significant GHG reduction in wetlands – up to 20% of the net GHG emissions due to wetlands management. The most of the GHG mitigation potential is ensured by accumulation of CO2 in living biomass.

scholarly journals Decadal water balance of a temperate Scots pine forest (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L.) based on measurements and modelling

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 10519-10555 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gielen ◽  
J. Neirynck ◽  
H. Verbeeck ◽  
D. A. Sampson ◽  
F. Vermeiren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios

Abstract. Multi-year, multi-technique studies often yield key insights into methodological limitations but also process-level interactions that would otherwise go un-noticed if analysed at one point in time or in isolation. We examined the components of forest water balance for an 80-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stand in the Campine region of Belgium over a ten year period using five very different approaches; our methods ranged from data intensive measurements to process model simulations. Specifically, we used the conservative ion method (CI), the Eddy Covariance technique (EC), an empirical model (WATBAL), and two process models that vary greatly in their temporal and spatial scaling, the ORCHIDEE global land-surface model and SECRETS a stand- to ecosystem-scale biogeochemical process model. Herein we used the EC technique as a standard for the evapotranspiration (ET) estimates. We also examined ET and drainage in ORCHIDEE as influenced by climate change scenarios from the Hadley model. Results demonstrated that the two process models corresponded well to the seasonal patterns and yearly totals of ET from the EC approach. However, both WATBAL and CI approaches overestimated ET when compared to the EC estimates. Overestimation of ET by WATBAL increased as ET increased. We found positive relationships between ET and the process drivers to ET (i.e., vapour pressure deficit [VPD], mean air temperature [Tair], and global radiation [Rg]) for SECRETS, ORCHIDEE, and the EC estimates, though few were significant. Estimates of ET from WATBAL and the CI approach were uncoupled from VPD, Tair, and Rg. Independent of the method examined, ET exhibited low interannual variability. Consequently, drainage fluxes were highly correlated with annual precipitation for all five approaches examined. Estimates of ET increased in climate change scenarios for ORCHIDEE while drainage decreased.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document