scholarly journals Potential Health Risk to Humans Related to Accumulation of Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone in the Wheat Grown on Rodenticide Contaminated Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
R. Hromada ◽  
I. Miňo ◽  
Ľ. Korytár ◽  
E. Holotová ◽  
M. Ondrašovič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Model Experiment ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Potential Health Risk

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine in a model experiment the potential residues of bromadiolone and brodifacoum in the wheat grown on soil treated with these rodenticides and to compare them with the respective acceptable daily intake (ADI) in order to obtain information lacking in the scientific literature. The study focused on the level of residues of chronic rodenticides Broder G, with the active ingredient brodifacoum, and DERATION G, with the active ingredient bromadiolone, in wheat (Triticum spp.). The preparations were used in the form of granular bait. In the wheat grown on the soil treated with 100 g.m−2 of the preparation BRODER G, the brodifacoum residues ranged from 0.012 to 0.0218 mg.kg−1, while the treatment of soil with 500 g.m−2 resulted in residues ranging between 0.0344 and 0.0436 mg.kg−1. When using the preparation DE-RATION G, bromadiolone residues ranged between 0.012 and 0.018 mg.kg−1 after the treatment of soil with 100 g.m−2 and between 0.030 and 0.0428 mg.kg−1 after the treatment with 500 g.m−2. We observed that the acceptable daily intake was exceeded significantly in all of the cases and the residual levels depended on the rodenticide dose. In the case of brodifacoum, the ADI was exceeded more than 700-fold at a dose of 100 g.m−2 and more than 1400-fold at a dose of 500 g.m−2 of soil. With bromadio-lone, the ADI was exceeded 150-fold at a dose of 100 g.m−2 and more than 350-fold at a dose of 500 g.m−2. This indicates the risk to consumers from such crops.

Heavy metal contaminated soil, water, and vegetables in northeastern Iran: potential health risk factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Kazemi Moghaddam ◽  
Parvaneh Latifi ◽  
Reza Darrudi ◽  
Sahar Ghaleh Askari ◽  
Ali Akbar Mohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Health Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Potential Health Risk

Heavy metal residue in some vegetables and potential health risk assessment among consumers within Katsina North Western Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
L.U Usman ◽  
R. Yerima
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Potential Health Risk ◽  
Vegetable Samples

Ingestion of vegetables containing heavy metal is one of the main ways in which these elements enter the human body. Once entered, heavy metals are deposited in bone and fat tissues, overlapping noble minerals. Slowly released into the body, heavy metals can cause an array of diseases. This study aimed to assess the heavy metals residues in some vegetables and potential health risk among consumers within Katsina Metropolis. Six different vegetable samples comprising of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), cabbage (Brassica oleracea), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), spinach (Spinacia oleracea), red pepper (Piper nigrum) and tomato (Lycopersicum esculentus) were randomly collected from two main irrigation farmland located in Katsina Metropolis (Kofar sauri and Kofar marusa). Their level of toxic metals namely (Copper, Zinc, Cadmium, Chromium and Lead) were assessed using standard materials and methods. Results obtained were used to estimate the health risk of these heavy metals via consumption of the vegetable samples. The results from the study showed that the mean heavy metal concentration ranged between 1.10±0.00 mg/kg to 4.45±0.16 mg/kg, 1.78±0.07 mg/kg to 4.9±0.11 mg/kg, 0.02±0.00 mg/kg to 1.28±0.02 mg/kg, 1.51±0.02 mg/kg to 4.34±0.02 mg/kg and 1.05±0.01 mg/kg to 2.86±0.02 mg/kg for Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, and Pb respectively. The concentration of Cu and Zn were found to be below permissible limit while Cd, Cr and Pb concentration exceeded the permissible limit recommended by WHO/FAO. Health risks associated with the intake of these metals were evaluated in terms of estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI). EDI value of Cu and Zn were found to be below the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI). The HQ of all the metals were >1, suggesting health hazards risk for the population. Moreover, HQ of Cd and Pb were greatly higher through consumption of cucumber, cabbage, lettuce and red pepper indicating significant health risks. HI was found to be higher >1 (3.32 mg/kg and 3.91 mg/kg) in adult and children respectively for consumption of spinach; however, it was much higher >1 (10.49 mg/kg and 12.4 mg/kg) in adult and children respectively for consumption of cabbage, suggesting more adverse health effects from cabbage consumption than spinach. The findings of this study shows the health risks associated with the consumption of heavy metals through the intake of some the selected vegetables within Katsina Metropolis, therefore, there is need for biomonitoring of these heavy metals in the vegetable because these are some of the main sources of food for humans in many parts of the world. Keywords: Heavy metal, Estimated Daily Intake, Hazard Quotient, Hazard Index, Consumption

scholarly journals Nitrogen dioxide hourly distribution and health risk assessment for winter season in low town of Mohammedia city, Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachida El Morabet ◽  
Roohul Abad Khan ◽  
Soufiane Bouhafa ◽  
Larbi Barhazi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Potential Health Risk

PurposeAir quality and its assessment in urban areas has become a necessity. This is attributed to the increasing air pollution in urban landscape from anthropogenic activities necessary for economic growth and development. This study investigates air quality and potential health risk posed from nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to the residents of low town of Mohammedia city, Morocco.Design/methodology/approachThe NO2 concentration was measured on an hourly basis for the winter season of the year 2014, 2015 and 2016. The air quality was assessed in terms of Air Quality Index (AQI). Noncarcinogenic risk assessment was done to evaluate possible health risk to the inhabitant of low town from NO2 exposure.FindingsThe maximum concentration reached 85–96 µg/m3 (at 6 p.m., 2014), 96–104 µg/m3 (7–9 p.m., 2015) and 102–117 (8–11 p.m., 2016). The AQI during maximum NO2 levels (peak hours) ranged between 0–50 µg/m3 (good) to 51–100 µg/m3 (unhealthy for sensitive group). The risk quotient (RQ) was calculated for average daily intake and average hourly intake of NO2. RQ was found to be less than 1 (no potential health risk, lifetime and hourly) for all three years. However, increase in RQ value from 0.84 (2014) to 0.98 (2016) indicates increase in potential health risk. Hence, policy and measures should be adopted to reduce the potential health risk.Originality/valueThis study is very first of its kind for the area and hence can serve as reference study for future works. Further studies are required to assess air pollution in other seasons (summer, spring, autumn), impact of climatic condition and parameters on air quality. Also, for direct impact assessment number of cases attributed to air pollution needs to be investigated.

scholarly journals Human health risk assessment of potential toxic elements in paddy soil and rice (Oryza sativa) from Ugbawka fields, Enugu, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1050-1060
Author(s):  
Chidinma C. Ezeofor ◽  
Janefrances N. Ihedioha ◽  
Oguejiofo T.Ujam ◽  
Nwachukwu R. Ekere ◽  
Charles O. Nwuche
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Potential Toxic Elements ◽  
Potential Health Risk ◽  
Rice Grains

AbstractThe potential toxic elements (Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Fe, Cr, Cd, Mn and Hg) were accumulated from rice grains and soil from an Ugbawka farm, Enugu State, Nigeria, which were determined to evaluate the potential health risk to rice consumers. The mean levels of metals found in soil (mg/kg) were as follows: Ni (0.57±0.24), Pb (2.44±0.17), Zn (3.35±2.05), Cu (0.71±0.33), Mn (37.72±10.97), Fe (13 856.6±31.43), Cr (2.51±0.98), Cd (0.51±1.36), and Hg (0.02±0.38); however metals found in rice grains (mg/ kg) were: Ni (0.81±0.72), Pb (0.94±0.70), Zn (8.22±2.97), Cu (0.59±0.42), Mn (13.30±4.56), Fe (13.28±0.73), Cr (15.00±10.00), Cd (0.36±0.07), and Hg (0.002±0.23). A small percentage (2.5%) of the soil samples were above the Chinese Maximum Allowable Concentration for cadmium in soil while cadmium and lead levels in the rice grains were above WHO permissible limit. Pearson’s correlations showed significant correlations amongst some metal pairs in soil and grains showing similarity in origin. The estimated daily intake of Pb was higher than the safety levels given by JECFA. Hazard Quotient for Pb and Total Hazard Index of all the metals were above one. This indicates possible potential health risk and adverse effect resulting from consumption of rice from Ugbawka farm.

Occurrences of Giardia cysts in beach water

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. W. Ho ◽  
T.-Y Tam
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
Potential Health Risk ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beach Water ◽  
Giardia Cysts

A total of 64 beach water samples with various bacteriological quality (Grades 1 to 4) were analysed for their bacteriological and parasitological contents (E coli and Giardia cysts respectively). Results indicated that Giardia cysts were detected in less than 10% of the Grade 1 beach water samples with E coli concentrations of <24/100mL. For Grades 2, 3 & 4 beach water samples, Giardia cysts were found, respectively, in 85, 50 and 64% of the samples. Except for one beach water sample which had an unusually high concentration of Giardia cysts (23 cysts/L), they were generally present at moderate concentrations (<10 cysts/L) in all other beach water samples. Despite moderate levels of Giardia cysts present in beach water of different grades, the potential health risk faced by swimmers bathing in local beach water needs to be carefully assessed as Giardia is known to have a low infectious dose.

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