scholarly journals Training Loads and RSA and Aerobic Performance Changes During the Preseason in Youth Soccer Squads

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-248
Author(s):  
Tiago Cetolin ◽  
Anderson Santiago Teixeira ◽  
Almir Schmitt Netto ◽  
Alessandro Haupenthal ◽  
Fábio Yuzo Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Physical Abilities

AbstractThe aims of this study were to compare the internal training load (ITL) in soccer players of two competitive age groups (under-15 [U-15] and under-19 [U-19]) during an 8-week preseason training period and compare the associated changes in physical performance measures. Eighteen U-15 and twelve U-19 players were monitored over an 8-week period during the preseason phase. The ITL was monitored using the session rating of perceived exertion (RPE) method. Before and after the preseason period, physical performance was assessed by best (RSAbest) and mean (RSAmean) times in a repeated sprint ability (RSA) test and peak velocity derived from the Carminatti test (PVT-CAR). Total weekly ITL increased with age (U-15: 13770 ± 874 AU vs. U-19: 33584 ± 2506 AU; p < 0.001). In addition, U-19 players perceived training sessions as heavier than U-15 players (6.1 ± 0.3 vs. 5.3 ± 0.3 AU, respectively; p < 0.001). After the preseason period, very likely to almost certainly positive changes were observed for all performance measures in both age groups. However, the U-15 group had possibly superior gains in RSAbest (+1.40%, 90%CL -0.29 to 3.05, with ES = 0.35) and likely higher effects in RSAmean (+1.89%, 90%CL 0.04 to 3.70, with ES = 0.53) and PVT-CAR (+2.71%, 90%CL 0.35 to 5.01, with ES = 0.37) compared to the U-19 group. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the U-19 group accumulate higher total weekly ITLs than the U-15 group during the preseason phase due to longer and heavier training sessions. However, the U-15 group obtained superior gains in soccer-specific physical abilities while accumulating half the total ITLs during lighter training sessions.

scholarly journals Effects of Bio-Banding upon Physical and Technical Performance during Soccer Competition: A Preliminary Analysis

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Abbott ◽  
Stuart Williams ◽  
Gary Brickley ◽  
Nicholas J Smeeton
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Developmental Needs ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Premier League ◽  
English Premier League ◽  
Adult Stature

Bio-banded competition has been introduced to address the variation in physical maturity within soccer. To date, no research has investigated the effect of bio-banded competition relative to chronological competition. The current study investigated the effect of bio-banding upon physical and technical performance in elite youth soccer athletes. Twenty-five male soccer athletes (11–15 years) from an English Premier League soccer academy participated in bio-banded and chronological competition, with physical and technical performance data collected for each athlete. Athletes were between 85–90% of predicted adult stature, and sub-divided into early, on-time and late developers. For early developers, significantly more short passes, significantly less dribbles and a higher rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were evident during bio-banded competition compared to chronological competition (p < 0.05). Significantly more short passes and dribbles, and significantly fewer long passes were seen for on-time developers during bio-banded competition (p < 0.05). For late developers, significantly more tackles, and significantly fewer long passes were evident during bio-banded competition (p < 0.05). No significant differences in physical performance were identified between competition formats. Results demonstrated that bio-banded competition changed the technical demand placed upon athletes compared to chronological competition, without reducing the physical demands. Bio-banded competition can be prescribed to athletes of differing maturation groups dependent upon their specific developmental needs.

Validity of the Session Rating of Perceived Exertion for Monitoring Exercise Demands in Youth Soccer Players

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Rodríguez-Marroyo ◽  
Carlos Antoñan
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Omni Scale ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Exercise

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine the concurrent and construct validity of the Borg (0–10) and children’s OMNI scales for quantifying the exercise intensity and training load (TL) in youth soccer players.Methods:Twelve children (mean ± SD age 11.4 ± 0.5 y, height 154.3 ± 6.5 cm, body mass 39.5 ± 5.4 kg) took part in this study. Exercise intensity and TL were calculated on the basis of the session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) and heart rate (HR; Edwards method) during 20 technical-tactical training sessions. Players’ sRPEs were obtained from the Borg and OMNI scales.Results:Low correlations between HR-based TL and sRPE TL based on the Borg (r = .17, P = .335) and OMNI (r = .34, P = .007) scales were obtained. Significant (P < .001) relationships in sRPE (r = .76) and TL (r = .79) between RPE scales were found.Conclusion:The current data do not support the relationship between the sRPE and HR methods for quantifying TL in youth soccer players. However, the sRPE method could be considered a better indicator of global internal TL, since sRPE is a measure of both physical and psychological stress. In addition, the authors demonstrated the construct validity for the OMNI scale to control exercise demands.

scholarly journals Body Physique, Body Composition, Physical Performance, Technical and Tactical Skills, Psychological Development, and Club Characteristics of Young Male Portuguese Soccer Players: The INEX Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3560
Author(s):  
Maryam Abarghoueinejad ◽  
Daniel Barreira ◽  
Cláudia Dias ◽  
Eduardo Guimarães ◽  
Adam D. G. Baxter-Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Biological Maturation ◽  
Age Related

Youth soccer performance is multifaceted, includes physical growth, biological maturation, and physical fitness, and is linked to the sporting environment to which the players are exposed. We aim to describe age-related associations in body physique, body composition, physical performance technical and tactical skills, psychological and club characteristics of male soccer players aged 12 to 14 years. A total of 157 male soccer players clustered into three age-cohorts (12, 13 and 14 years) were recruited from six soccer clubs. Anthropometric, body composition and body physique, biological maturation, physical performance, skill/game proficiency data, psychological characteristics, and clubs’ characteristics were collected. Group means were compared using analysis of variance and covariance. Fourteen years old players were significantly taller, heavier, leaner, faster, stronger, and technically more skilled than their younger peers (p < 0.05). Differences in physical performance and technical skills (p < 0.05) were found between age groups when adjusting for confounders of soccer training and biological maturation. No significant differences (p > 0.05) between age groups were found in psychological domains. Our findings suggest that age, biological maturation, and training volume are key factors influencing young soccer players’ performance and development. Further, clubs’ conditions provide players with ample resources for their success in training and competition.

scholarly journals An Approach to the Fatigue in Young Soccer Players Resulting from Sided Games

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Daniel Castillo ◽  
Javier Yanci ◽  
Silvia Sánchez-Díaz ◽  
Javier Raya-González
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Training Context ◽  
Internal Load ◽  
Bout Duration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Age Category

It is crucial to understand the fatigue associated with sided games (SGs) of soccer in the training context, in order to establish the appropriate intervals between training sessions. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different SGs on internal load, measured by the session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE), and on sprint performance. Ten outfield players (age: 14.5 ± 0.5 years, height: 169 ± 6 cm, body mass: 59.7 ± 6.4 kg) belonging to U15 age category participated in this study. The participants played four SG formats with modifications in the pitch size and in the bout duration, but with the same total duration for the SGs (SG1, SG2, SG3, and SG4). All the players performed a 10 and a 30 m sprint test before and after the SGs. The internal load was measured by the sRPE. The results showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the sRPE registered by the soccer players for the different SGs, but worse sprint performances over the 10 m (p < 0.05; ES: 0.74–1.38, large) and 30 m (p < 0.05; ES: 0.70–2.10, moderate to large) distances after completion of the SGs, except the 10 m sprint after SG2 and SG3 (p > 0.05; ES: 0.43–0.55, moderate). In addition, no correlation (p > 0.05) was reported between the sprint performances for the 10 and 30 m distances and the sRPE registered during the SGs. These results could be useful for technical staff wishing to design the playing area and bout duration of their training tasks effectively.

scholarly journals Age and Maturity Effects on Morphological and Physical Performance Measures of Adolescent Judo Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-151
Author(s):  
Bruno Barbosa Giudicelli ◽  
Leonardo Gomes de Oliveira Luz ◽  
Douglas Henrique Bezerra Santos ◽  
Hugo Sarmento ◽  
Alain Guy Marie Massart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Judo Athletes ◽  
Effect Of Age

Abstract Studies assessing age and maturation effects on morphological and physical performance measures of young judokas are scarce. This study aimed to assess the independent and combined effects of chronological age and biological maturation on anthropometry and physical performance of 67 judokas aged 11-14. Participants’ anthropometric profiles were assessed, and physical performance tests were completed. Multivariate analyses of variance revealed an independent effect of age (anthropometry: F = 1.871; p < 0.05; Pillai’s trace = 0.545; η2 p = 0.272; physical performance: F = 2.876; p < 0.01; Pillai’s trace = 0.509; η2 p = 0.254) and maturity (anthropometry: F = 10.085; p < 0.01; Pillai’s trace = 0.669; η2 p = 0.669; physical performance: F = 11.700; p < 0.01; Pillai’s trace = 0.581; η2 p = 0.581). There was no significant combined effect of age and maturity. The maturation effect remained significant when controlled for age (anthropometry: F = 4.097; p < 0.01; Pillai’s trace = 0.481; η2 p = 0.481; physical performance: F = 3.859; p < 0.01; Pillai’s trace = 0.0.318; η2 p = 0.318). Inadolescent judokas, the maturation effect on growth and physical performance seems to be more relevant than the age effect, leading to the need to control this effect in training routines and competitive events. As in studies with youth soccer players and other youth athletes, bio-banding can be a strategy for controlling maturation in combat sports.

scholarly journals Effect of melatonin ingestion on physical performance, metabolic responses, and recovery after an intermittent training session

2018 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Farjallah ◽  
O Hammouda ◽  
M Zouch ◽  
K Ghattassi ◽  
A Graja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Optimal Recovery ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Intermittent Training ◽  
Before And After

Objectives Fatigue is a limiting factor for sport performance. For this reason, optimal recovery after training is just as critical as the training program itself, if not more. Indeed, there is a need for strategies that can facilitate recovery after training, and one such strategy is the ingestion of supplements like melatonin (MEL). This study aimed to evaluate if MEL intake could improve recovery of athletes after an intermittent training session (ITS). Methods Fifteen elite female athletes (17.4 ± 0.4 years, 76.4 ± 5.6 kg, 1.76 ± 0.04 m; mean ± standard deviation) participated in two testing campaigns. During each period, they performed a battery of physical and cognitive tests before and after an ITS, as well as after ingesting MEL (6 mg tablet) or placebo in a randomized design. The ITS comprised the modified agility T-test, squat jump, counter movement jump, maximum standing ball-throw velocity test, maximum jump ball-throw velocity test, and 20-m sprint. Oral temperature (OT) and vigilance were evaluated before and after the ITS. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE), blood lactate [La], and glucose [Gl] were recorded after each ITS. Results Short-term performance, recovery of physical performance, and OT were not affected by MEL ingestion after the ITS. Moreover, MEL did not affect cognitive performance or RPE scores after the ITS. However, [La] and [Gl] (p < 0.05 for both) were decreased after MEL ingestion. Conclusion MEL has no effect on the recovery of physical performance but may affect glucose utilization and lactate metabolism during the team-handball training session.

scholarly journals Monitoring Salivary Immunoglobulin A Responses to Official and Simulated Matches In Elite Young Soccer Players

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila G. Freitas ◽  
Marcelo S. Aoki ◽  
Ademir F. S. Arruda ◽  
Clóvis Franciscon ◽  
Alexandre Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Function Parameter ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Immunity Function ◽  
Salivary Immunoglobulin A

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to examine SIgA responses (concentration [SIgAabs] and a secretion rate [SIgArate]) to official and simulated competitive matches in young soccer players. The sample was composed of 26 male soccer players (age 15.6 ± 1.1 yrs, stature 177.0 ± 6.1 cm, body mass 70.5 ± 5.7 kg). Four soccer matches (two simulated matches [SM] and two official matches [OM]) were conducted. The matches consisted of two halves of 35 min with a 10 min rest interval. Each assessed player participated in only one SM and one OM. All matches were performed in the same week, during the competitive season, and at the same time of the day (9:00 am), separated by 48 h. Saliva samples were collected before and after every match. The session rating of perceived exertion was reported 30 min after each match in order to determine the internal training load (ITL). A significant decrease in SIgAabs and SIgArate after OM was observed when compared to the pre-match value. In addition, the SIgArate was higher at pre-OM when compared to pre-SM. A higher ITL for OM was observed compared to SM. The current findings indicate that OM may lead to a decrease in the main mucosal immunity function parameter of young soccer players that could increase the risk of URTI. Coaches should be aware of it in order to plan appropriate training loads and recovery procedures to avoid or minimize the likelihood of upper respiratory tract infection occurrences.

scholarly journals Agility, acceleration, speed and maximum speed relationship with age factor in soccer playersFutbolcularda yaşa bağlı çeviklik, ivmelenme, sürat ve maksimum sürat ilişkisi

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 5660
Author(s):  
Ozan Sever ◽  
Erkal Arslanoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Factor ◽  
Maximal Speed ◽  
Physical Abilities

The aim of study was to investigate age-related agility, acceleration, speed and maximum speed relationships in soccer players. Study consisted of 125 young football players aged between 14 and 18 from Karabükspor youth and reserve team who were measured for 30m speed,10m acceleration, 20m maximum speed, and T-Agility tests. The test values of players decreased with age as expected. All performance tests correlated significantly but coefficients of determination (r2) between agility test and all other tests were low. Acceleration and other tests except 30m speed also were low. There were no differences in age groups in terms of correlation between tests. Because of low coefficients of determination, it could be said that maximal speed, acceleration, agility were correlated by chance and were different components of physical performance so different training sessions should be planned for each physical abilities. ÖzetÇalışmada futbolcuların sürat, çeviklik, ivmelenme ve maksimum sürat becerilerinin yaşa bağlı değişimi ve birbirleri ile ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. Karabükspor altyapısı, A2 takımında 14-18 yaş aralığındaki 125 sporcu katılmıştır. Sporcuların 10m ivmelenme, 30m sürat ve T-Çeviklik ve 20 m maksimum sürat ölçümleri yapılmıştır. İstatistiksel analiz SPSS 19 programında yapılıp, 0,05 anlamlılık değeri olarak kabul edilmiştir. Sporcuların, çeviklik, ivmelenme, sürat ve maksimum sürat ölçüm süreleri yaş ile birlikte düşüş göstermektedir. En belirgin düşüş çeviklik testinde ortaya çıkmıştır. Tüm ölçümler arasında pozitif doğrusal ilişki vardır. Bu ilişki yaş faktörü ile incelendiğinde anlamlılık devam etmiştir. Fakat açıklayıcılık katsayılarına(r2) bakıldığında çeviklik ile diğer tüm ölçümler, ivmelenme ile 30 metre sürat süresi hariç tüm ölçümlerde düşük ilişki söz konusudur. Yaşa bağlı değişimde çevikliğin, doğrusal koşulara göre daha belirgin geliştiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Açıklayıcılık katsayısının düşük bulunması futbolcuların çeviklik, ivmelenme, sürat becerilerinin birbirleri ile güçlü ilişkisinin olmadığını göstermektedir. Bu fiziksel becerilerin birbirlerinden ayrı özellikler olduğu, antrenman planlamalarının bu beceriler ayrı ele alınarak yapılmasının faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.

scholarly journals Variation in the Correlation Between Heart Rate and Session Rating of Perceived Exertion-Based Estimations of Internal Training Load in Youth Soccer Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Durva Vahia ◽  
Adam Kelly ◽  
Harry Knapman ◽  
Craig A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
External Load ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Validity Analysis ◽  
Consistent Method

Purpose: When exposed to the same external load, players receive different internal loads, resulting in varied adaptations in fitness. In adult soccer, internal training load is measured using heart rate (HR) and session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) scales, but these have been underutilized in youth soccer. This study investigated the in-season variation in correlation between HR and sRPE estimations of training load for adolescent soccer players. Method: Fifteen male professional adolescent players were monitored for 7 months. Within-participant correlations and Bland–Altman agreement plots for HR and sRPE were calculated for each month to analyze variation over the season and for individual players to analyze the validity of the scale. Results: The monthly correlations ranged from r = .60 to r = .73 (P < .05) and the overall correlation was r = .64 (95% confidence interval, .60–.68; P < .001). Bland–Altman plots showed an agreement of methods. Conclusion: Results showed consistently large correlations for all months. sRPE is a consistent method of measure of internal training load for the entire season for youth soccer players. Validity analysis found no bias in sRPE measurements when compared with HR for all players in the study.

scholarly journals The Effect of Mental Fatigue on Cognitive and Aerobic Performance in Adolescent Active Endurance Athletes: Insights from a Randomized Counterbalanced, Cross-Over Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maamer Slimani ◽  
Hela Znazen ◽  
Nicola Bragazzi ◽  
Mohamed Zguira ◽  
David Tod
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Before And After

The aim of this randomized counterbalanced, 2 × 2 cross-over study was to investigate the effects of mental fatigue on cognitive and aerobic performance in adolescent active endurance athletes. Ten active male endurance athletes (age = 16 ± 1.05 years, height = 1.62 ± 0.04 m, body mass = 55.5 ± 4.2 kg) were familiarized to all experimental procedures on day 1. On days 2 and 3, participants provided a rating of mental fatigue before and after completing a 30 min Stroop test that measures selective attention capacity and skills and their processing speed ability (mentally fatigued condition), or a 30 min control condition in a randomized counterbalanced order. They then performed d2 test and a 20 m multistage fitness test (MSFT), which was used to measure selective and sustained attention and visual scanning speed (i.e., concentration performance (CP) and total number of errors (E)) and aerobic fitness (i.e., maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and velocity at which VO2max occurs (vVO2max)), respectively. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was assessed after a MSFT. Subjective ratings of mental fatigue were higher after the Stroop task (p < 0.001). CP (p = 0.0.1), E (p < 0.001), vVO2max (p = 0.020), and estimated VO2max (p = 0.021) values were negatively affected by mental fatigue. RPE were significantly higher in the mentally fatigued than in the control conditions (p = 0.02) post-MSFT. Mental fatigue impairs aerobic and cognitive performance in active male endurance athletes.

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