scholarly journals Testing the Feldstein Horioka puzzle in Algeria: Maki co-integratioan and hidden causality analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Hicham Ayad ◽  
Mostefa Belmokaddem
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Capital Mobility ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
The Other ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Retention Coefficient ◽  
Domestic Savings ◽  
Asymmetric Causality ◽  
Saving Retention ◽  
Endogenous Structural Breaks

Abstract The aim of this paper is to test the existence of Feldstein Horioka puzzle in the case of Algerian economy for the period 1970-2019 by examining the link between domestic savings and investments, we use in this paper both the co-integration tests under Gregory-Hansen (1996), Hatemi-J (2008) and Maki (2012) tests in the context of structural breaks, and the symmetric and asymmetric causality (hidden causality) proposed by Hacker-Hatemi (2010) and Hatemi (2012) respectively, the results suggest that there is a co-integration relationship between saving and investment with five endogenous structural breaks, and the saving retention coefficient is equal to 0.324 which means the existence of Feldstein-Horioka puzzle in a weaker form and high capital mobility, on the other hand, the results indicate asymmetric causal relationship between savings and investments.

scholarly journals A Review on Energy and Renewable Energy Policies in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7328
Author(s):  
Saeed Solaymani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption

Iran, endowed with abundant renewable and non-renewable energy resources, particularly non-renewable resources, faces challenges such as air pollution, climate change and energy security. As a leading exporter and consumer of fossil fuels, it is also attempting to use renewable energy as part of its energy mix toward energy security and sustainability. Due to its favorable geographic characteristics, Iran has diverse and accessible renewable sources, which provide appropriate substitutes to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Therefore, this study aims to examine trends in energy demand, policies and development of renewable energies and the causal relationship between renewable and non-renewable energies and economic growth using two methodologies. This study first reviews the current state of energy and energy policies and then employs Granger causality analysis to test the relationships between the variables considered. Results showed that renewable energy technologies currently do not have a significant and adequate role in the energy supply of Iran. To encourage the use of renewable energy, especially in electricity production, fuel diversification policies and development program goals were introduced in the late 2000s and early 2010s. Diversifying energy resources is a key pillar of Iran’s new plan. In addition to solar and hydropower, biomass from the municipal waste from large cities and other agricultural products, including fruits, can be used to generate energy and renewable sources. While present policies indicate the incorporation of sustainable energy sources, further efforts are needed to offset the use of fossil fuels. Moreover, the study predicts that with the production capacity of agricultural products in 2018, approximately 4.8 billion liters of bioethanol can be obtained from crop residues and about 526 thousand tons of biodiesel from oilseeds annually. Granger’s causality analysis also shows that there is a unidirectional causal relationship between economic growth to renewable and non-renewable energy use. Labor force and gross fixed capital formation cause renewable energy consumption, and nonrenewable energy consumption causes renewable energy consumption.

scholarly journals Phantom Limbs, Extended Minds and the Decline of Religiosity: A Cognitive and Evolutionary Perspective

Open Theology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carles Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Phantom Limbs

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to advance a hypothesis that might explain the decline of religious belief and practice among the so-called WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich and Democratic) populations. The main point of this paper is to postulate a causal relationship between two variables that appear to be significantly correlated: on one hand, the decline of religious belief and practice that has been observed in those populations during the twentieth century, and especially since the second half of that century; on the other, the remarkable growth of their life span during that period. The factor that the author proposes as an explanation for that correlation is the causal link relating to the experience of the death of significant others and belief in the supernatural in such a way that the more that experience happens to be relevant in a population’s day-to-day life the more that population will be prone to entertain beliefs in the supernatural, and conversely, the less prominent that experience happens to be, the less inclined that population will be to uphold those beliefs.

scholarly journals MUNĀSABAH: UNDERSTANDING, POSTULATE, METHOD OF DISCOVERY, DISTRIBUTION AND APPLICATION IN THE INTERPRETATION OF QUR’AN

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-188
Author(s):  
Sumanto Sumanto
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
The Other

Mannā’ al-Qaṭṭān in his book, Mabāḥiṡ fī ‘Ulūm al-Qur`ān, explains munasabah which muqarabah is also musyakalah (likeness). It means between verses with other verses have relationships and likenesses, so they are interrelated and mutual need, closely related to the science of causality which is a causal relationship that cannot stand alone without the help of the meaning of the verse before or after. Majority of Islamic scholar have agreed that the sequence of verses in a single surah is a sequence of tauqīfī, the order that has been determined by the Prophet Muhammad as the recipient of revelation. However, they disagree about the sequence of the surah in the muṣḥaf, whether it is tauqīfī or taufīqī̄ (sorting by the ijtihād of the compilers of the muṣḥaf). Developing the supposition that the Qur’anic themes lose relevance between one part and the other. Knowing or connecting between parts of the Qur’an, either between sentences or between verses and surah, thereby deepening the knowledge and the introduction of the Qur’an and reinforcing belief in revelation and miracles.

scholarly journals Testing for Causality between Oil Prices and Money Supply in Saudi Arabia (Note 1)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. p58
Author(s):  
Moayad Al Rasasi, PhD ◽  
John H. Qualls, PhD ◽  
Sultan Almutairi
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Price Shocks ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Causality Relationship ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fiscal And Monetary Policy

The impact of oil price shocks on a country’s economy has been well studied in the economic literature. However, until now, articles analyzing the impact of these shocks on the Saudi Arabian economy have been relatively sparse. This paper attempts to shed some light on this important topic by examining the causal relationship between oil prices and an important monetary variable, the M3 (broad-based) money supply. Monthly data going back to 1982 were used in this study, which employs unit root tests and Granger causality analysis to test whether there is a causal relationship or not. No discernable causality relationship was found; this lack of such link leads the authors to conclude that this may be due to the prudent and stable fiscal and monetary policy on the part of the Kingdom’s government and its central bank, the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority (SAMA).

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF PROJECT 5-100 ON THE UNIVERSITY’S PUBLICATION ACTIVITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-45
Author(s):  
D. Yu. Rudenko ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Publication Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Academic Excellence ◽  
University Employees ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
The University ◽  
The Web

The aim of the study is to estimate the effect of the Russian academic excellence project (Project 5-100) on the publication activity of the University of Tyumen, measured by the number of articles published in journals indexed in the Web of Science database. The hypothesis of the research is that there is a positive causal relationship between the number of published articles and the University’s participation in Project 5-100. This impact was estimated empirically for the University of Tyumen while the other university participants (31 universities) were taken as a control group. Counterfactual scenarios are used to find the number of articles that the university employees would have published in the absence of Project 5-100. Thus, it is shown that, despite the failure to meet the goal of entering the top 200 of world universities in the ranking for ecology and agricultural biology, the University of Tyumen benefited from its participation in Project 5-100: its number of publications, especially in journals of the first and second quartile, has been growing faster than in the control group of universities.

Contemporary Neuroscience’s Epiphenomenal Challenge to Responsibility

2019 ◽  
pp. 186-215
Author(s):  
Michael S. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Demonstration ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Brain

This paper examines a particular challenge to responsible agency thought to be mounted by contemporary neuroscience. The challenge stems from the alleged experimental demonstration that human choices, and the actions they putatively cause, are mere epiphenomena of one another, co-effects of common causes in the brain of the acting subject. Denied by this challenge is that choices cause the actions that are their objects, seemingly an indispensable requirement for there to be responsible agency. The force of this challenge is blunted by a showing that in certain cases we can control (and thus be responsible) for more than we cause—that (more specifically) we sometimes are in control of a harm that is one horn of an epiphenomenal fork by knowing of the fork’s existence and by being in control of the other horn of that fork, even while recognizing that of course there can be no causal relationship across the horns of such forks.

Global Trends in Domestic savings and Longevity- Implications for India

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Thilak Venkatesan ◽  
Venkataraman R
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Demographic Dividend ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Domestic Savings ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
The Relationship

Demographic dividend and the lowest median age among the earning population propels consumption and growth in India. Among the emerging economies, China had the leverage for growth through exports until 2008. India benefited by demographic dividend and this translates to providing income and thereby increases savings. On the other hand, the developed countries are experiencing problems of an aging economy, a deflationary scenario, and a pension burden. India, with its major workforce in the unorganized and private sector, needs to recognize the need for forward-looking policies that stimulate savings for a better lifestyle post-retirement. The study was focussed on the relationship between longevity (life expectancy), and domestic savings. The research observed divergence between the developed nations and India. A more futuristic policy action is suggested to motivate savings as the increase in population and higher levels of economic growth can be achieved with more domestic savings.

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