scholarly journals MUNĀSABAH: UNDERSTANDING, POSTULATE, METHOD OF DISCOVERY, DISTRIBUTION AND APPLICATION IN THE INTERPRETATION OF QUR’AN

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-188
Author(s):  
Sumanto Sumanto
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
The Other

Mannā’ al-Qaṭṭān in his book, Mabāḥiṡ fī ‘Ulūm al-Qur`ān, explains munasabah which muqarabah is also musyakalah (likeness). It means between verses with other verses have relationships and likenesses, so they are interrelated and mutual need, closely related to the science of causality which is a causal relationship that cannot stand alone without the help of the meaning of the verse before or after. Majority of Islamic scholar have agreed that the sequence of verses in a single surah is a sequence of tauqīfī, the order that has been determined by the Prophet Muhammad as the recipient of revelation. However, they disagree about the sequence of the surah in the muṣḥaf, whether it is tauqīfī or taufīqī̄ (sorting by the ijtihād of the compilers of the muṣḥaf). Developing the supposition that the Qur’anic themes lose relevance between one part and the other. Knowing or connecting between parts of the Qur’an, either between sentences or between verses and surah, thereby deepening the knowledge and the introduction of the Qur’an and reinforcing belief in revelation and miracles.

scholarly journals Phantom Limbs, Extended Minds and the Decline of Religiosity: A Cognitive and Evolutionary Perspective

Open Theology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carles Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Phantom Limbs

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to advance a hypothesis that might explain the decline of religious belief and practice among the so-called WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich and Democratic) populations. The main point of this paper is to postulate a causal relationship between two variables that appear to be significantly correlated: on one hand, the decline of religious belief and practice that has been observed in those populations during the twentieth century, and especially since the second half of that century; on the other, the remarkable growth of their life span during that period. The factor that the author proposes as an explanation for that correlation is the causal link relating to the experience of the death of significant others and belief in the supernatural in such a way that the more that experience happens to be relevant in a population’s day-to-day life the more that population will be prone to entertain beliefs in the supernatural, and conversely, the less prominent that experience happens to be, the less inclined that population will be to uphold those beliefs.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF PROJECT 5-100 ON THE UNIVERSITY’S PUBLICATION ACTIVITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-45
Author(s):  
D. Yu. Rudenko ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Publication Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Academic Excellence ◽  
University Employees ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
The University ◽  
The Web

The aim of the study is to estimate the effect of the Russian academic excellence project (Project 5-100) on the publication activity of the University of Tyumen, measured by the number of articles published in journals indexed in the Web of Science database. The hypothesis of the research is that there is a positive causal relationship between the number of published articles and the University’s participation in Project 5-100. This impact was estimated empirically for the University of Tyumen while the other university participants (31 universities) were taken as a control group. Counterfactual scenarios are used to find the number of articles that the university employees would have published in the absence of Project 5-100. Thus, it is shown that, despite the failure to meet the goal of entering the top 200 of world universities in the ranking for ecology and agricultural biology, the University of Tyumen benefited from its participation in Project 5-100: its number of publications, especially in journals of the first and second quartile, has been growing faster than in the control group of universities.

Contemporary Neuroscience’s Epiphenomenal Challenge to Responsibility

2019 ◽  
pp. 186-215
Author(s):  
Michael S. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Demonstration ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Brain

This paper examines a particular challenge to responsible agency thought to be mounted by contemporary neuroscience. The challenge stems from the alleged experimental demonstration that human choices, and the actions they putatively cause, are mere epiphenomena of one another, co-effects of common causes in the brain of the acting subject. Denied by this challenge is that choices cause the actions that are their objects, seemingly an indispensable requirement for there to be responsible agency. The force of this challenge is blunted by a showing that in certain cases we can control (and thus be responsible) for more than we cause—that (more specifically) we sometimes are in control of a harm that is one horn of an epiphenomenal fork by knowing of the fork’s existence and by being in control of the other horn of that fork, even while recognizing that of course there can be no causal relationship across the horns of such forks.

scholarly journals On the Potential of Time Delay Neural Networks to Detect Indirect Coupling between Time Series

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 584
Author(s):  
Riccardo Rossi ◽  
Andrea Murari ◽  
Pasquale Gaudio
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Gaussian Noise ◽  
The Other ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Indirect Coupling ◽  
Active Research

Determining the coupling between systems remains a topic of active research in the field of complex science. Identifying the proper causal influences in time series can already be very challenging in the trivariate case, particularly when the interactions are non-linear. In this paper, the coupling between three Lorenz systems is investigated with the help of specifically designed artificial neural networks, called time delay neural networks (TDNNs). TDNNs can learn from their previous inputs and are therefore well suited to extract the causal relationship between time series. The performances of the TDNNs tested have always been very positive, showing an excellent capability to identify the correct causal relationships in absence of significant noise. The first tests on the time localization of the mutual influences and the effects of Gaussian noise have also provided very encouraging results. Even if further assessments are necessary, the networks of the proposed architecture have the potential to be a good complement to the other techniques available in the market for the investigation of mutual influences between time series.

scholarly journals Testing the Feldstein Horioka puzzle in Algeria: Maki co-integratioan and hidden causality analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Hicham Ayad ◽  
Mostefa Belmokaddem
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Capital Mobility ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
The Other ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Retention Coefficient ◽  
Domestic Savings ◽  
Asymmetric Causality ◽  
Saving Retention ◽  
Endogenous Structural Breaks

Abstract The aim of this paper is to test the existence of Feldstein Horioka puzzle in the case of Algerian economy for the period 1970-2019 by examining the link between domestic savings and investments, we use in this paper both the co-integration tests under Gregory-Hansen (1996), Hatemi-J (2008) and Maki (2012) tests in the context of structural breaks, and the symmetric and asymmetric causality (hidden causality) proposed by Hacker-Hatemi (2010) and Hatemi (2012) respectively, the results suggest that there is a co-integration relationship between saving and investment with five endogenous structural breaks, and the saving retention coefficient is equal to 0.324 which means the existence of Feldstein-Horioka puzzle in a weaker form and high capital mobility, on the other hand, the results indicate asymmetric causal relationship between savings and investments.

Pengaruh Beban Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pramugraha: Studi Kasus Di Marbella Suites Bandung

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
ER Ummi Kalsum
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Severe Condition ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Is Research ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Productive Time

This research is associative research with a causal relationship based on the explanation level, that is how this research is explained. Associative research is research in which the aim is to find a relationship or influence between two or more variables that serve to explain, predict and control certain symptoms. While the causal relationship is the cause-effect relationship, where X Influences Y. This research when viewed from the goal is applied research or applied research, which is "research that aims to obtain discoveries related to the application of certain theories" This research is practical by testing theory in the face of real problems in certain situations. The results of this study note that the workload of pramugraha in Marbella Suites Bandung needs to be re-examined so that the workload delegated to pramugraha more optimal. The individual workload of the pramugraha who is still in severe condition indicates an imbalance in the workload. Of the 15 questions based on 10 workload indicators, there are 13 aspects that are still in the weight category, while the other 3 are in enough category. The heaviest dimension according to the pramugraha response is the state of the room followed by productive time, productivity level, and type of work. However, the dimension of productive time has a greater effect on performance compared to other workload dimensions. The dimensions of work, the state of the room, and the level of productivity follow in a row in affecting the performance of pramugraha at Marbella Suites Bandung. Performance pramugraha Marbella Suites Bandung is in the bad category which means that the performance of pramttgraha should be optimized for pramugraha productivity can be better. There are 5 out of 10 indispensable indicators of communication skills, how the work is done, the discipline, the outcomes of work, and how the work is done. The other, five indicators are sufficiently categorized, namely loyalty, reliability, leadership, service to guests, and multicultural governance. The most severe dimensions based on pramugraha responses are objective results followed by behavior and personality. Delivered workloads contribute significantly to the performance of pramugraha at Marbella Suites Bandung. The performance of pramugraha will adjust to the workload carried by the steward. Workload affects performance by 59%. Based on table 4:40 about the correlation between workload with pramugraha performance in Marbella Suites Bandung, the effect of workload load on performance is 0.767 which means that there is a strong influence between two variables positively and significantly. So it can be concluded that the influence of workload on pramugraha performance in Marbella Suites Bandung is 59% and 41% other influenced by other factors outside the workload. This shows a strong correlation between workload and pramugraha performance in Marbella Suites Bandung.

Nederlandse en Vlaamse politieke partijen in de krant en in de peilingen: een wederkerige relatie

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rens Vliegenthart ◽  
Peter Van Aelst
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
The Media ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opinion Polls

Dutch and Flemish parties in the media and in the polls: assessing a mutual causal relationship Dutch and Flemish parties in the media and in the polls: assessing a mutual causal relationship We address the question to what extent media visibility of political parties and standing in opinion polls influence each other. We look at various political parties in the Netherlands and Flanders during the past two decades. We hypothesize a positive influence from the one on the other, and pose the question to what extent this differs for parties with different characteristics. We conduct a computer-assisted content analysis of newspaper coverage and collect existing public opinion polls. We use a pooled time series analysis and tests of Granger causality. Results show that often a positive causal relationship between media coverage and opinion polls exists. Sometimes, however, the relationship is absent, or even contrary to expectations. Especially in the last years, Dutch parties at the extremes of the political spectrum profit from media visibility. In Flanders, the relationship only runs from polls to visibility, and not the other way around.

Role of ferritin in nutritional edema

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 829-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Srikantia ◽  
C. Gopalan
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nutritional Rehabilitation ◽  
Subsequent Formation ◽  
Water Load ◽  
The One ◽  
Response To Water

The sequence of changes that occur in induced protein malnutrition has been studied in nine monkeys, three of which received an aureomycin supplement of 25 mg/kg per day from the first day of the experimental period. Serial estimations of serum protein and albumin levels, response to water load, thiocyanate space and the presence of active ferritin in circulation were determined in all nine monkeys. All the monkeys developed edema between the 13th and 16th week of the experiment, except two of the three aureomycin-supplemented animals. While no correlation was observed between serum albumin levels or impairment of response to water load on the one hand and edema on the other, there was a striking relationship between the appearance of active ferritin in circulation and the subsequent formation of edema. The increase in thiocyanate space was invariably preceded by the presence of ferritin in the blood. During nutritional rehabilitation, ferritin disappeared from circulation before the thiocyanate space returned to normal levels. It is significant that aureomycin, which prevented the appearance of ferritin in the blood, also prevented the development of edema. The results of the investigation strongly suggest a causal relationship between ferritin and nutritional edema. Submitted on August 13, 1958

scholarly journals Causal Relationship between Celiac Stenosis and Pancreaticoduodenal Artery Aneurysm: Interpretation by Simulation Using an Electric Circuit

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hye Jeong Yoon ◽  
Jeong Sik Choi ◽  
Woo Young Shin ◽  
Keon-Young Lee ◽  
Seung-Ik Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Electric Circuit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Pancreaticoduodenal Artery ◽  
Hybrid Techniques ◽  
Flow Through

Pancreaticoduodenal artery (PDA) aneurysm and celiac artery (CA) stenosis are rare diseases in themselves. Interestingly, however, there are more cases documented in the literature in which these two disease entities occurred together than could be coincidental, and CA stenosis has been suggested as the provocative condition in developing PDA aneurysm. This study is aimed at examining the causal relationship between CA stenosis and PDA aneurysm by simulating the splanchnic circulation with an electric circuit. A patient with multiple PDA aneurysms and collaterals with CA stenosis was treated in our institution using hybrid techniques. The patient’s pre- and postoperative status was simulated using an electric circuit, and the two possible scenarios were tested for compatibility: the stenosis-first scenario vs. the aneurysm-first scenario. The simulation was performed in two ways: using Simulink® software (MATLAB® Release 2018b) and actual circuit construction on a breadboard. The stenosis-first scenario showed that as the CA stenosis progresses, the blood flow through PDA increases, favoring the development of an aneurysm and/or collaterals if the artery was already compromised by a weakening condition. On the other hand, the aneurysm-first scenario also showed that if the aneurysm or collaterals developed first, the aneurysm will steal the blood flow through the CA, causing it to collapse if the artery was already compromised by increased wall tension. Contrary to the common belief, this study showed that in patients suffering from concurrent CA stenosis and PDA aneurysm, either condition could develop first and predispose the development of the other. The simulation of splanchnic blood flow with an electric circuit provides a useful tool for analyzing rare vascular diseases that are difficult to provoke in clinical and animal studies.

scholarly journals Testing the causality between Bitcoin price and the gold price in the global market prime by Granger's test

Ekonomika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Sanja Dončić
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Granger Causality Test ◽  
World Market ◽  
Global Market ◽  
The Other ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
The World ◽  
Survey Results

The paper examines the existence of a causal relationship in Grangers' sense between the movement of Bitcoin prices and the price of gold at the global financial market, in order to answer the question whether it is possible to predict the movement of the Bitcoin price based on the movement of the price of gold in the world market, but also vice versa. The survey was conducted from January 1, 2019 to December 1, 2019. In the research was used the Granger causality test (1969). The research results show that historical data on the movement of gold prices in the world market cannot be used to predict the change in value and price movements of Bitcoin. On the other hand, the survey results indicate the possibility of a reliable application of the use of historical data on the movement of value and price of Bitcoin.

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