scholarly journals Antagonism at combined effects of chemical fertilizers and carbamate insecticides on the rice-field N2-fixing cyanobacterium Cylindrospermum sp. in vitro

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabindra N. Padhy ◽  
Nabakishore Nayak ◽  
Shakti Rath
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Carbamate Insecticides ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Progressive Growth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Reduced Toxicity ◽  
Ppm Level

Abstract Effects of chemical fertilizers (urea, super phosphate and potash) on toxicities of two carbamate insecticides, carbaryl and carbofuran, individually to the N2-fixing cyanobacterium, Cylindrospermum sp. were studied in vitro at partially lethal levels (below highest permissive concentrations) of each insecticide. The average number of vegetative cells between two polar heterocysts was 16.3 in control cultures, while the mean value of filament length increased in the presence of chemical fertilizers, individually. Urea at the 10 ppm level was growth stimulatory and at the 50 ppm level it was growth inhibitory in control cultures, while at 100 ppm it was antagonistic, i.e. toxicity-enhancing along with carbaryl, individually to the cyanobacterium, antagonism was recorded. Urea at 50 ppm had toxicity reducing effect with carbaryl or carbofuran. At 100 and 250 ppm carbofuran levels, 50 ppm urea only had a progressive growth enhancing effect, which was marked well at 250 ppm carbofuran level, a situation of synergism. Super phosphate at the 10 ppm level only was growth promoting in control cultures, but it was antagonistic at its higher levels (50 and 100 ppm) along with both insecticides, individually. Potash (100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm) reduced toxicity due to carbaryl 20 and carbofuran 250 ppm levels, but potash was antagonistic at the other insecticide levels. The data clearly showed that the chemical fertilizers used were antagonistic with both the insecticides during toxicity to Cylindrospermum sp.

scholarly journals Shear bond strength evaluation of bonded molar tubes on fluorotic molars

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika L. Silva-Benítez ◽  
Veronica Zavala-Alonso ◽  
Gabriel A. Martinez-Castanon ◽  
Juan P. Loyola-Rodriguez ◽  
Nuria Patiño-Marin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Fixed Appliance ◽  
Adhesive Remnant Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Electronic Microscope

Abstract Objective: To study the shear bond strength (SBS), sites of failure, and micromorphology of bonded molar tubes used on teeth affected by dental fluorosis. Materials and Methods: This in vitro study included 140 first molars classified according to Dean's index for dental fluorosis. Samples were divided into seven groups: (1) healthy teeth etched for 15 seconds, (2) teeth with moderate fluorosis (MOF) etched for 15 seconds, (3) teeth with MOF etched for 150 seconds, (4) teeth with MOF microabrasion etched for 15 seconds, (5) teeth with severe fluorosis (SEF) etched for 15 seconds, (6) teeth with SEF etched for 150 seconds, and (7) teeth with SEF microabrasion etched for 15 seconds. All samples were incubated and were then submitted to the SBS test and evaluated with the modified adhesive remnant index (ARI) and analyzed by using a scanning electronic microscope. Results: The SBS mean value for healthy enamel was 20 ± 10.2 MPa. For the group with MOF, the etched 150-second mean value was the highest (19 ± 7.6 MPa); for the group with SEF treated with microabrasion and etched for 15 seconds, the mean value was (13 ± 4.1 MPa). Significant differences (P ≤ .05) were found in the ARI between healthy and fluorosed groups. Conclusions: Fluorotic enamel affects the adhesion of bonded molar tubes. The use of overetching in cases of MOF and the combination of microabrasion and etching in SEF provides a suitable adhesion for fixed appliance therapy.

scholarly journals Dental implant location via surface scanner: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Zhou ◽  
Hui Zhou ◽  
Shu-yi Li ◽  
Yuan-ming Geng
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implant ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Angular Deviation ◽  
Surface Scanning ◽  
Anatomic Structure ◽  
Vertical Deviation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Purpose Implant location is performed after placement to verify that the safety of neighboring anatomic structure and the realizability of prosthetic plan. Routine postoperative location is based on radiological scanning and raises the concerns on radiation exposure and inconveniency in practice. In the present study a location method based on surface scanning was introduced and the accuracy of this method was assessed in vitro. Material and methods A total of 40 implants were placed in 10 resin mandible models. The models were scanned with intraoral scanner (IS group) and extraoral scanner (ES group). The implant position was located with fusing the images of surface scanning and cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) after implant placement. Deviations were measured between positions located by surface scanner and postoperative CBCT with the parameters: central deviation at apex (cda), central deviation at hex (cdh), horizontal deviation at apex (hda), horizontal deviation at hex (hdh), vertical deviation at apex (vda), vertical deviation at hex (vdh) and angular deviation (ad). Results In IS group, the mean value of cda, cdh, hda, hdh, vda, vdh and ad was 0.27 mm, 0.23 mm, 0.12 mm, 0.10 mm, 0.21 mm, 0.19 mm and 0.72°, respectively. In ES group, the mean value of cda, cdh, hda, hdh, vda, vdh and ad was 0.28 mm, 0.25 mm 0.14 mm, 0.11 mm, 0.22 mm, 0.20 mm and 0.68°, respectively. The implant deviations in IS and ES groups were of no significant difference for any of the measurements. Conclusions Dental implant can be located via surface scanner with acceptable accuracy for postoperative verification. Further clinical investigation is needed to assess the feasibility of the method.

In Vitro and in Vivo Measurement of Total Antiplasmin Activity

1977 ◽  
Vol 37 (02) ◽  
pp. 216-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Matsuo ◽  
Hisashi Mihara
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Rabbit Plasma ◽  
In Vivo Measurement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Infusion Speed

SummaryTotal antiplasmin was measured in vitro and in vivo. In the former case, rabbit plasma was mixed with various concentrations of Urokinase (UK) and the least concentration for appearance of fibrinolytic activity was estimated. This concentration was multiplied by the plasma volume of the rabbit to give the in vitro total antiplasmin. The mean value for 14 rabbits was 4,068.6 units.In order to estimate the total antiplasmin in vivo, UK solution was infused into rabbits. The infusion speed was multiplied by the time of the first appearance of fibrinolytic activity to give the total antiplasmin, although when the infusion speed was low, fibrinolytic activity did not appear during infusion. The mean in vivo total antiplasmin calculated for 6 cases where the infusion speed was high and fibrinolytic activity was observed, was 28,699.8 units, i.e. about 7 (range, 3-11) times the in vitro value.

Effect of Incorporating Zirconia Powder into a Primer on the Resin Bond Strength to Zirconia Ceramic

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 5575-5578
Author(s):  
Eunkyung Lee ◽  
Yangho Lee ◽  
Young Kyung Kim ◽  
Chan Ho Park ◽  
Tae-Yub Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Zirconia Ceramic ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Zirconia Powder ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ftir Spectrophotometry

The adhesion property of zirconia powder-incorporated primers was investigated in vitro with the aim of enhancing the resin bond strength to zirconia ceramic. A commercial zirconia primer was modified through the addition of 0 (control), 5, 10, 25, and 50 wt% of a zirconia powder (codes: ZP0, ZP5, ZP10, ZP25, and ZP50, respectively). Prior to primer modification, the powder was characterized via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry. The surfaces of dental zirconia ceramic discs were air-abraded and treated with one of the five primers. One resin composite cylinder (diameter: 2.38 mm) was bonded on one specimen surface (n = 12/group). The bonded specimens were all stored for 24 h in distilled water at 37 °C and subjected to 5000 thermal cycles prior to shear bond strength (SBS) testing. The DSC and FTIR analyses confirmed that the zirconia powder contained an organic binder. The SBS test results showed that the groups could be arranged as follows, ZP25 > ZP10 > ZP5 > ZP0, i.e., in descending order of the mean value. The lowest SBS value was obtained for the ZP50 group. The results suggest that the incorporation of a zirconia powder into a primer represents a promising modification method for improving the resin bond strength to zirconia ceramic.

Assembly of three major subclasses of mouse immunoglobulin G: a theoretical model for covalent assembly in vivo

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 688-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Percy ◽  
M. E. Percy ◽  
R. Baumal
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
In Vitro Assembly ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mouse Myeloma

A mathematical model, based on second-order reaction kinetics, has been used to describe the covalent assembly of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in vitro from its heavy (H) and light (L) chains (Percy, M. E., Baumal, R., Dorrington, K. J. &Percy, J. (1976) Can. J. Biochem. 54, 675–687). In the present paper, the same model has now been applied to the steady-state assembly of IgG in vivo. This mathematical approach permits a quantitative comparison of the pathways of covalent assembly used by given immunoglobulins in vivo and in vitro. The assumptions in the model are: the species L, H, HL, HH, HHL and LHHL belong to a common pool; incompleted IgG intermediates may freely assemble to form HL, HH, HHL and LHHL; the reaction rate for covalent linkage between any two reacting species is proportional to the products of the number densities of the reactants and to a parameter P which takes the value PHH if the reaction joins two H chains, and PHL if it joins an H and L chain. In vivo values of PHH/PHL were determined for the 18 mouse myeloma tumours and cell lines studied by Baumal et al. (Baumal, R., Potter, M. &Scharff, M. (1971) J. Exp. Med. 134, 1316–1334). From these analyses, we have arrived at the following conclusions: (1) the three major IgG subclasses have distinctive values of PHH/PHL (mean value 53 for IgG1, 12 for IgG2a and 2.8 for IgG2b); (2) for IgGs of the same subclass, the values of PHH/PHL are similar; (3) the mean in vivo values of PHH/PHL are very close to those determined from in vitro assembly experiments. Finally, the individual values of PHH/PHL have been used to simulate pulse-chase experiments in the various tumours and cell lines. Considering the sources and magnitude of experimental error, the theoretical pathways of assembly agree with those determined qualitatively from the pulse-chase experiments.

Follicle-stimulating hormones in anterior pituitary glands from children and adults differ in relation to sex and age

1989 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Wide
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Women ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Young Girls ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormones

ABSTRACT Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in extracts of the anterior lobe of pituitaries, collected at autopsy from 13 boys, 21 girls, 17 men and 26 women, was measured in terms of biological activity (B) in vitro by the Sertoli cell aromatase bioassay, and in terms of immunological activity (I) by a radioimmunoassay. The highest concentration of FSH in the anterior lobe found by bioassay was in young girls, who had a mean value three to seven times higher than that in young and elderly men and women and nine times higher than that in young boys. The total amount of FSH in the pituitary found by bioassay and immunoassay was very much less in young boys than in all other groups. The B/I ratio of FSH was higher for all the 27 children below 10 years of age than for any of the 43 adults. This difference in B/I ratio of FSH in whole pituitary extracts persisted in fractions after electrophoretic separation. The mean B/I ratio for young girls was 1·26 times higher than that for young boys and 2·25 times higher than that for adults. Young and elderly men and women had almost identical B/I ratios. All extracts were analysed after electrophoresis and the median charge and charge homogeneity of FSH were estimated. The number of different forms of FSH in pituitary extracts from a child was at least 20–30, similar to that in an adult. In girls, the median charge of FSH was similar to that of young women and significantly less negative than in elderly women. The median charge of FSH in boys was more negative than in girls, but less negative than in both young and elderly men. After treatment of pituitary extracts with neuraminidase, the median charge of FSH in infants was significantly more negative than that in adults. This, together with the differences in B/I ratios between children and adults, indicates a change at puberty in the molecular structure of FSH from juvenile to adult forms of the hormone. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 123, 519–529

Blood Gases of the Tench (Tinca tinca) in Well Aerated and Oxygen-Deficient Waters

1974 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. EDDY
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tench Tinca Tinca

1. The respiration of tench at 13°C was investigated, particular attention being given to the role of the blood in uptake and transport of oxygen. 2. In well aerated water the mean value for arterial blood was 36 mmHg, for PCOCO2 3.3 mmHg and for pH 8.16; the respective venous values were 7 mmHg, 5 mmHg and 8.08. Arterial blood averaged about 75% and venous blood about 40° oxygen saturation. The mean value for oxygen uptake was 0.5 ml/min/kg and for ventilation volume 132/ml/mm/kg. 3. The oxygen tension and the percentage saturation of the blood determined in vivo are discussed in terms of the oxygen dissociation curve determined in vitro. 4. When the environmental POO2 was decreased, tench responded by increasing breathing rate and ventilation volume. Arterial POO2 and PCOCO2 decreased but arterial pH tended to remain steady. There was also a significant increase in blood lactate. 5. That tenth can withstand severe hypoxic conditions is attributed to blood of high oxygen affinity and the ability to maintain a favourable acid-base status in the blood for oxygen transport. 6. Respiration in tench is compared with that in other fish species.

Changes in the bioactivity to immunoreactivity ratio of circulating luteinizing hormone in impotent men treated with testosterone undecanoate

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Carani ◽  
M. F. Celani ◽  
D. Zini ◽  
A. Baldini ◽  
L. Della Casa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Placebo Administration ◽  
In Vitro Bioassay ◽  
Testosterone Undecanoate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mouse Leydig Cell

Abstract. Testosterone undecanoate was administered orally (80 mg twice daily) for 30 days to 10 impotent men with mild Leydig cell failure, age 28 to 42 years. Placebo was administered for 30 days both before and at the end of testosterone undecanoate therapy. Serum levels of bioactive LH, immunoreactive LH and testosterone were determined in basal conditions (day zero), 30 days after the first placebo administration, at the 15th and 30th day of testosterone undecanoate therapy, and at the end of the second treatment with placebo (90th day). Bioactive LH was measured by a sensitive and specific in vitro bioassay based on testosterone production by mechanically dispersed mouse Leydig cell preparations. Immunoreactive LH and testosterone were determined by a doubleantibody RIA technique. The results were compared with those obtained in 30 untreated normal young men. In the basal state, serum concentrations of immunoreactive LH were significantly higher in the patients (P< 0.02) than in control subjects, whereas testosterone levels were significantly lower (P< 0.001) in the impotent men. In contrast, bioactive LH levels and the bioactive LH to immunoreactive LH ratios were similar in the two groups. In the patients, at the 15th day of treatment with testosterone undecanoate, serum levels of testosterone and bioactive LH were significantly higher (P< 0.01) than basal values, whereas immunoreactive LH concentrations showed no significant changes. Consequently, the bioactive LH to immunoreactive LH ratios rose significantly (P< 0.01). At the 30th day of treatment with testosterone undecanoate, the mean value of bioactive LH and the mean bioactive LH to immunoreactive LH ratio were significantly higher (P< 0.01) in the patients than in control men, whereas the mean levels of testosterone and immunoreactive LH were similar in the two groups. Neither the first nor the second treatment with placebo changed the hormone values observed in basal conditions. The results support the experimental evidence that androgens may increase the bioactivity of circulating LH.

scholarly journals Comparison of Dimensional Accuracy of Cast Obtained from Polyvinyl Siloxane Impression with Different Putty-Wash Techniques and Spacer Thickness - In Vitro Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Anisha Pandey ◽  
S.R.B. Mathema ◽  
S.K. Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Impression Technique ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spacer Thickness

Introduction: Dimensional accuracy of cast obtained after making impressions is crucial factor for the quality of fixed prosthodontic treatment. The impression technique with different thickness of putty wash material is critical factor affecting this accuracy. There is much discussion in the dental literature concerning the effect of this impression technique on the accuracy of cast restorations. Materials and methods: This in-vitro study was carried out in 60 impression made from master model with Polyvinyl siloxane impressions material using single step putty- wash technique and two step putty-wash technique with varying spacer thickness (0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5 mm). It was further divided into four groups. Group I: Single step putty-wash impression technique, Group II: Two step putty-wash impression technique with 0.5mm spacer, Group III: Two step putty-wash impression technique with 1mm spacer, Group IV: Two step putty-wash impression technique with 1.5mm spacer. Each group consists of 15 impressions. Casts were poured using type IV dental stone after 1 hour. After 24 hour the die of each cast was scanned using CAD/CAM digital scanner and measured mesiodistally, facio-lingually, height (cervico-occlusally), interabutment or interdie distances. The data were recorded and statically analyzed. Results: The highest mean values of mesio-distal, bucco-lingual, cervico-occlusal distances were shown by Group I, whereas the inter-die distance showed equal mean value in Group I, II and III. With the increase in the spacer thickness, the mean value also increases in mesio-distal distance. The mean measurement of bucco-lingual dimension was highest when spacer thickness was 0.5mm and it declined with the increase in spacer thickness. The spacer thickness had no effect on cervico-occlusal and inter-die dimensions. Conclusions: Within the limitations of the study, accuracy of cast obtained from single step putty-wash technique was more accurate than two step putty-wash technique. In two step putty-wash technique, 1.5 mm thickness of spacer showed more accurate cast in comparison to 0.5mm and 1mm.

scholarly journals Airpolishing effect on bovine enamel and the posterior remineralizing effect of saliva: estudo in vitro

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-197
Author(s):  
Helena Zaramella Vono Ribeiro ◽  
José Eduardo de Oliveira Lima ◽  
Bernardo Gonzalez Vono ◽  
Maria Aparcida de Andrade Moreira Machado ◽  
Salete Moura Bonifácio da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Repairing Effect ◽  
The One ◽  
Bovine Enamel

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the alterations of surface microhardness and wear caused by the sodium bicarbonate jet on bovine enamel and the further remineralizing effect of artificial saliva. METHODS: Fifteen enamel samples (4,0mm x 4,0mm) were used, which constituted the groups: no treatment (MI); treatment with sodium bicarbonate jet (MII and DI); treatment with sodium bicarbonate jet and immersion in saliva for one hour (MIII and DII), 24 hours (MIV and DIII) and 7 days (MV and DIV). Microhardness tests were carried out using a microdurometer in groups M and wear tests by a rugosimeter in groups D. The data were assessed by the one criterion variance analysis and Tukey test. RESULTS: The mean value of microhardness, in KHN, in groups MI, MII, MIII, MIV and MV were 359,80; 335,46; 369,20; 377,73 and 341,86, respectively, whereas the mean values in µm, of wear for group DI, DII, DIII and DIV were 0,564; 0,519; 0,441 and 0,428, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The sodium bicarbonate jet caused a wear and a reduction in microhardness on the enamel surface; saliva promoted the recovery of initial condition surface microhardness and reduced the wear; the repairing effect of saliva on the surface microhardness alterations occurred within one hour of treatment, having no significant statistical difference from the effect obtained in 24 hours; the best saliva repairing effect on the wear occurred with treatment of 24 hours.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document