scholarly journals Melamine migration measurement through spectrophotometry device and the effect of time and tableware type on it

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Haghi ◽  
Attaollah Shakoori ◽  
Mahmood Alimohammadi ◽  
Fariba Razeghi ◽  
Parisa Sadighara
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Standard Level ◽  
Chemical Material ◽  
Standard Production ◽  
Production Conditions

AbstractMelamine is an organic-based chemical material widely used in the production of tableware. Given the adverse effects of melamine on human health, melamine tableware can be a source for its introduction into the human body. The aim of this study was to use a simple method for monitoring the rate of melamine migration from the tableware to food and the effect of time and tableware on this migration. To measure the migration, spectrophotometry was used. The limit of detection (LOD) of the method was 0.2 (μg/ml), which is functional for measuring the rate of migration. The investigation of sample migration of melamine tableware revealed that migration has occurred across all samples. The rate of migration in all samples was less than the standard level of the European Union (30 μg/ml). Statistical analysis indicated that time is an important factor in melamine migration, which significantly increased (p<0.05) in 93% of cases with lengthening the contact time from 30 minutes to 90 minutes. The type of tableware (new or old) and production conditions (standard or non-standard) were found to significantly affect (p<0.001) the rate of migration. Statistical analysis of the results suggested that old tableware increased melamine migration in 41% of cases (p<0.05). Non-standard tableware significantly (p<0.001) increased the rate of migration and thus the effect of non-standard production on melamine tableware was more significant than the age of the tableware.

scholarly journals The Effect of Remittances on Poverty in the Emerging Countries of the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anca Mehedintu ◽  
Georgeta Soava ◽  
Mihaela Sterpu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Poverty Threshold

In this paper we study the evolution of remittances and risk of poverty threshold for nine emerging countries in the European Union and analyzed the evolution and trend of the share of remittances in the risk of poverty threshold. The analysis was performed on data taken from the Eurostat database for the period 2005–2017. The statistical analysis of the data showed that the evolution of both remittances and risk of poverty threshold was heavily influenced by the global economic crisis. Although after the crisis, the risk of poverty threshold has seen a growing trend in all emerging countries, the remittances have experienced sinuous variations, dramatic declines for some of the countries (drastically for Romania and Latvia) and significant increases for others (Hungary). The results of the analysis using time-dependent regression models lead to the conclusion that, although the share of remittances in risk of poverty threshold diminished abruptly after the 2009 economic crisis, in the short term it is expected to maintain a growth trend for most of the analyzed countries (Bulgaria, Czechia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia), followed downward tendency after 2018 for Bulgaria and Romania, and after 2020 for Hungary and Lithuania. For Latvia and Estonia, both quadratic and cubic models estimate a decreasing evolution.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF LABOUR RESOURCES IN ROMANIA, BEFORE COVID-19 PANDEMIC CRISIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciprian Iftimoaei ◽  
Cristian-Ionuţ Baciu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Simple Linear Regression

In the three decades since the collapse of communism in Romania (1989), human resources have gone through several distinct moments in the process of social and economic transition, from the state economy to the market economy: (1) the period 1990-2007 characterized by declining employment, rising unemployment, low wages, employee poverty, labour migration to developed countries; (2) the period 2007-2019 in which Romanian employees experienced the benefits of the European integration process, which meant economic macrostability, increased foreign investment, projects financed by European operational programs that led to increased living standards, increased employment, labour crisis; (3) the period beginning with the 2020 pandemic year and the economic and social crisis, the effects of which are already quantified by official statistics. This paper proposes a retrospective analysis of the evolution of labour resources in Romania, after joining the European Union. The methodology used combines descriptive statistical analysis (labour resources, activity rate, employment rate, unemployment rate, average net earnings), hierarchical cluster analysis to compare the employment situation in Romania in the year of accession to the European Union (2007) versus the year before the onset of the pandemic crisis (2019) and the simple linear regression analysis, having as an independent variable the „unemployment rate” and as a dependent variable „the number of employees”. Simple linear regression is used not only for teaching purposes, but in addition to testing the link between variables, we wanted to find out how much the number of employees decreases if the unemployment rate increases by one percentage point nationwide. The data used come from the TEMPO Online database of the National Institute of Statistics and were processed with the SPSS.

scholarly journals Electronic commerce and its regulation in the European Union and China

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Extra-B) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Lin Peiyuan
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Scientific Group ◽  
Key Aspects

The article provides a statistical analysis of the trends in the development of e-commerce in the world in general and in China in particular, a comparative legal analysis of the system of legal regulation of key aspects affecting the functioning of e-commerce in the European Union and in the People’s Republic of China (further PRC). The research methodology is based on a systematic approach and includes the methods of the general scientific group (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction), as well as special methods: statistical analysis, content analysis of scientific literature on the research topic, the method of comparative legal analysis. As a result of the study, the author came to the conclusion that the legislation of China and the European Union regarding the regulation of e-commerce is aimed at fundamentally different goals: in the EU, legislation is aimed at protecting private transactions and trade, and for China, the priority is the development of legal norms that allow the state as much as possible control electronic commercial flows and procuring a cybersecurity in e-commerce sector.

Statistical Analysis of Housing Situation in EU Member States

2020 ◽  
pp. 366-375
Author(s):  
Artur Zimny ◽  
Karina Zawieja-Żurowska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Housing Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Housing Situation ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States

This chapter attempts to analyze the housing market. In particular, it attempts to modelling through a statistical analysis the housing market in member states of the European Union.

scholarly journals STUDY OF AFLATOXINS IN CASHEW NUTS PRODUCED IN COTE DIVOIRE BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (LCHP)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 555-560
Author(s):  
M. Gouli ◽  
◽  
E. Zran ◽  
A. Yapi ◽  
A. Trokourey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
International Standards ◽  
National Standard ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Immunoaffinity Column

The objective of this study is to isolate, identify and quantify four types of aflatoxins noted AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2 that can be found in cashews grown in Cote dIvoire. These carcinogenic mycotoxins (AF) are secondary metabolite toxins produced by Aspergillus molds in plant foods.This work involved eleven (11) samples of 500 g of cashew nuts from eleven (11) cities of Cote dIvoire for the 2018-2019 campaign. These cities are: Beoumi, Bondoukou, Dabakala, Daloa, Douekoue, Ferkessedougou, Korhogo, Mignignan, Odienne, Sinematiali, and Touba. The test were carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after extraction of the four (4) mycotoxins on an immunoaffinity column at a flow rate of 3 mL / minute. These aflatoxins were identified and quantified from the following pairs of Retention time (Rt) in minutes and Limit of Detection (LD) in µg / kg: (13.777 0.00143), (10.583 0.00136), (9.901 0.00151), and (8.184 0.00564) respectively for AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2. Our results show that all eleven (11) samples from these eleven (11) different cities contain aflatoxin (AFB1, AFB2, AFG2 and AFG1) contents below the national standard (2 µg / kg), that of the CODEX Alimentarius (1.4 µg / kg) and that of the European Union (2 µg / kg) indicating that cashews produced in Cote dIvoire comply with international standards and their consumption does not pose any risk to human health caused by the studied aflatoxins.

scholarly journals   Disparities in the utilisation of production factors in the agriculture of Slovakia and of the European Union

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
M. Grznár ◽  
Ľ. Szabo
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Production Conditions

The paper deals with the place of Slovak agriculture in the European Union and with the implementation of the&nbsp;strategy of the competitiveness growth of Slovak agrarian producers. The paper compares the disparities in the utilisation of production factors with the selected EU countries, identifies the causes of unfavourable position of Slovakia&rsquo;s agriculture and also describes some impacts of crisis and disparities in utilising production factors in businesses operating under production conditions. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Mediation in the Context of Law Acquaintance1

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Urbanová Martina ◽  
Holá Lenka ◽  
Lakomý Martin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
European Union ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Public ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Current State

Abstract As mediation and its support across the European Union have been growing, we can assume that the public is better aware of this option of dispute resolution. The law acquaintance with the focus on mediation has not been studied extensively, although the identification of the current state is crucial for formulating the effective strategies for its broader use. The aim of this paper based on the quantitative survey on a representative sample in the Czech Republic is to examine the mediation awareness and its differences across individual characteristics. The statistical analysis identifies very low awareness of mediation and its aspects. Moreover, this knowledge is higher among people with higher education, among middle-aged people and older people living in bigger municipalities. Based on the findings, the authors suggest that targeted campaigns organised by the state should be conducted through the channels accessible to the sociodemographic groups with lower awareness of mediation.

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