scholarly journals Soil hydrophysical properties as affected by solid waste compost amendments: seasonal and short-term effects in an Ultisol

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewpura A.L. Leelamanie ◽  
Chinthani U. Manawardana
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Compost Amendments ◽  
Properties Of Soil ◽  
Short Term Effects

Abstract Application of compost is known to improve the hydraulic characteristics of soils. The objective of this study was to examine the seasonal and short-term effects of solid waste compost amendments on selected hydrophysical properties of soil during dry and rainy seasons and to explore any negative impacts of municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) amendments on soil hydrophysical environment concerning Agriculture in low-country wet zone, Sri Lanka. Eight (T1–T8) MSWC and two (T9, T10) agricultural-based waste compost (AWC) samples were separately applied in the field in triplicates at 10 and 20 Mg ha−1 rates, with a control (T0). Field measurements (initial infiltration rate, Ii; steady state infiltration rate, ISS; unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, k; sorptivity, SW) were conducted and samples were collected (0–15 cm depth) for laboratory experiments (water entry value, hwe; potential water repellency: measured with water drop penetration time, WDPT) before starting (Measurement I) and in the middle of (Measurement II) the seasonal rainfall (respectively 5 and 10 weeks after the application of compost). The difference in the soil organic matter (SOM) content was not significant between the dry and rainy periods. All the soils were almost non-repellent (WDPT = <1–5 s). The hwe of all the samples were negative. In the Measurement I, the Ii of the T0 was about 40 cm h−1, while most treatments show comparatively lower values. The ISS, SW, and k of compost amended samples were either statistically similar, or showed significantly lower values compared with T0. It was clear that all the surface hydraulic properties examined in situ (Ii, ISS, SW) were higher in the Measurement I (before rainfall) than those observed in the Measurement II (after rainfall). Water potential differences in soils might have affected the surface hydrological properties such as SW. However, water potential differences would not be the reason for weakened ISS and k in the Measurement II. Disruption of aggregates, and other subsequent processes that would take place on the soil surface as well as in the soil matrix, such as particle rearrangements, clogging of pores, might be the reason for the weakened ISS and k in the Measurement II. Considering the overall results of the present study, compost amendments seemed not to improve or accelerate but tend to suppress hydraulic properties of soil. No significant difference was observed between MSWC and AWC considering their effects on soil hydraulic properties. Application of composts can be considered helpful to slower the rapid leaching by decreasing the water movements into and within the soil.

Short-term effects of biochar and gypsum on soil hydraulic properties and sodicity in a saline-alkali soil

Pedosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 694-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue ZHANG ◽  
Jingsong YANG ◽  
Rongjiang YAO ◽  
Xiangping WANG ◽  
Wenping XIE
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Soil Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Alkali Soil ◽  
Soil Hydraulic ◽  
Short Term Effects

scholarly journals Investigation of sub-acute levels of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the filtration rate of Mytilaster lineatus and Dressina polymorpha in the short term

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
AMIR QADERMARZI ◽  
MOJTABA POULADI ◽  
ALI REZAMAND ◽  
SEYED HOSSEIN HOSEINIFAR ◽  
ALI AKBAR HEDAYATI
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mytilaster Lineatus

Qadermarzi A, Pouladi M, Rezamand A, Hoseinifar SH, Hedayati AA. 2018. Investigation of sub-acute levels of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the filtration rate of Mytilaster lineatus and Dressina polymorpha in the short term. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 53-57. The filtration rate is one of the physiological indices in the bivalves which indicate the degree of efficacy of the filtration function in the exposure to contaminants. In this study, changes in the filtration rate of freshwater bivalves (D. polymorpha and M. lineatus) were investigated after exposure periods of 5 and 10 days with nanoparticles. Bivalves were transferred from the natural environment to the laboratory. The distribution of nanoparticles was measured by differential light scattering (DLS). Bivalves were exposed to 2.5, 25 and 50 ppm nanoparticles for ten days in water reservoirs. The filtration rates were significantly different in the treatments compared to the control samples, with the highest filtration rate was observed in the control group. On the fifth day, the highest filtration rate was obtained in the first treatment of M. lineatus and the lowest filtration rate was obtained in the third treatment of D. polymorphia. The highest filtration rates were observed in the first and second treatments and the lowest filtration rate was observed in the third treatment. Also, there was no significant difference in the filtration rate of M. lineatus in the 1st treatment with control (P> 0.05) on the 5th day, but filtration rate was significantly (P <0.05) less than other concentrations and control group in the third treatment. On the other hand, the filtration rates on the 10th day showed similar differences compared to the 5th day. It could be concluded that the changes infiltration rate are an appropriate indicator for the measurement of contamination in nanoparticles.

Short-term effects of rice straw biochar on hydraulic properties and aggregate stability of an Acrisol

Soil Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Parker ◽  
Wim M. Cornelis ◽  
Kwame Agyei Frimpong ◽  
Eric Oppong Danso ◽  
Enoch Bessah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rice Straw Biochar ◽  
Short Term Effects

The impact of “procurement with impact”: measuring the short-term effects of sustainable public procurement policy on the environmental friendliness of tenders

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacco Robbert Jan van Berkel ◽  
Fredo Schotanus
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Policy Document ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Procurement Policy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Municipal Level ◽  
Short Term Effects

Purpose This paper aims to study the short-term effects of a new procurement policy document on the inclusion of environmental requirements and green award criteria in tenders. The policy document is named “Procurement with Impact” and was released by the Dutch central government to further stimulate Sustainable Public Procurement (SPP). Design/methodology/approach Central government tenders were quantitatively analyzed in the six months prior and after the release of the new policy on their inclusion of environmental concerns. This judgment was made based on the role of environmental concerns in the requirements and the award criteria. As a control group, the same was done on a municipal level, for which the new policy document does not apply. Each of the four samples contained 60 tenders. Data was acquired via the European public procurement database TED. In the analysis, a chi-square test was used to measure whether a significant difference exists between the two periods for each group. Findings Results show that central government has procured in a more environmentally concerned way after the release of “Procurement with Impact.” Within a year, the number of green tenders conducted by central government significantly increased from 30% to 55%. No significant difference was found on a municipal level. Social implications SPP has received increasing attention over the past few decades but has not led to implementation of its principles in most public tenders. As SPP can have a major impact on a more sustainable and social society, it is important to understand how policy can influence the sustainability of tenders. The findings of our study show that “Procurement with impact” had a significant positive short-term effect on the inclusion of green award criteria and requirements in public tenders. Implementing similar SPP policies in other government sectors and other countries could have a substantial effect on the worldwide uptake of SPP. Originality/value “Procurement with Impact” contains a clear sustainable vision embracing the principles of SPP. This government policy takes into account several SPP barriers and drivers and satisfies several policy theory conditions. The authors show in the paper that this policy is an effective instrument for increasing the inclusion of environmental concerns in tenders. As the difference is already significant within a year, this could also reflect the readiness of tenderers to turn to SPP once there is a clear organization wide policy.

Snoezelen: Its Long-Term and Short-Term Effects on Older People with Dementia

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Baker ◽  
Zena Dowling ◽  
Lesley Ann Wareing ◽  
Jeannette Dawson ◽  
Julian Assey
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Trial ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Short Term Effects

A randomised controlled trial was conducted to investigate the long-term and short-term effects of the Snoezelen environment on the behaviour, mood and cognition of elderly patients with dementia, and to gain an understanding of the processes occurring within Snoezelen. Patients participated in either eight Snoezelen or eight activity sessions. Pre-trial, mid-trial, post-trial and follow-up assessments were carried out at home and at the day hospital. Ratings of behaviour and mood were also made before, during and after each session. In the long term, the main benefits for Snoezelen patients were in the domain of socially disturbed behaviour. In the home setting, there was a highly significant difference between the two groups in favour of Snoezelen, and in the hospital setting it was nearly significant. Short-term improvements in behaviour and mood were evident for both groups after sessions, and communication was significantly better during Snoezelen sessions in comparison with activity sessions. The processes occurring within Snoezelen sessions seemed to involve facilitation of verbal expression and memory recall.

scholarly journals Short-Term Effects of Hydrokinesiotherapy in Hospitalized Preterm Newborns

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Welcy Cassiano de Oliveira Tobinaga ◽  
Cirlene de Lima Marinho ◽  
Vera Lucia Barros Abelenda ◽  
Paula Morisco de Sá ◽  
Agnaldo José Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Peripheral Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Preterm Newborns ◽  
Short Term Effects

Background. In the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) environment, preterm newborns are subject to environmental stress and numerous painful interventions. It is known that hydrokinesiotherapy promotes comfort and reduces stress because of the physiological properties of water.Objective. To evaluate the short-term effects of hydrokinesiotherapy on reducing stress in preterm newborns admitted to the NICU.Materials and Methods. Fifteen preterm newborns underwent salivary cortisol measurement, pain evaluation using the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS), and heart rate, respiratory rate, and peripheral oxygen saturation measurements before and after the application of hydrokinesiotherapy.Results. The mean gestational age of the newborns was34.2±1.66weeks, and the mean weight was1823.3±437.4 g. Immediately after application of hydrokinesiotherapy, a significant reduction was observed in salivary cortisol(p=0.004), heart rate(p=0.003), and respiratory rate(p=0.004)and a significant increase was observed in peripheral oxygen saturation(p=0.002). However, no significant difference was observed in the NIPS score(p>0.05).Conclusion. In the present study, neonatal hydrotherapy promoted short-term relief from feelings of stress. Neonatal hydrokinesiotherapy may be a therapeutic alternative. However, this therapy needs to be studied in randomized, crossover, and blinded trials. This trial is registered withNCT02707731.

scholarly journals Short-term effects of four tillage practices on soil physical properties, soil water potential, and maize yield

Geoderma ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 237-238 ◽  
pp. 60-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haytham M. Salem ◽  
Constantino Valero ◽  
Miguel Ángel Muñoz ◽  
María Gil Rodríguez ◽  
Luis L. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Short Term Effects

Short-Term Effects of Olive Mill Wastewater Land Spreading on Soil Physical and Hydraulic Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 230 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammar A. Albalasmeh ◽  
Mohammad A. Alajlouni ◽  
Mamoun A. Ghariabeh ◽  
Munir J. Rusan
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Olive Mill Wastewater ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Olive Mill ◽  
Short Term Effects

scholarly journals Short-term effects of whole-grain wheat on appetite and food intake in healthy adults: a pilot study

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline L. Bodinham ◽  
Katie L. Hitchen ◽  
Penelope J. Youngman ◽  
Gary S. Frost ◽  
M. Denise Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Weight Regulation ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Short Term Effects

While it has been proposed, based on epidemiological studies, that whole grains may be beneficial in weight regulation, possibly due to effects on satiety, there is limited direct interventional evidence confirming this. The present cross-over study aimed to investigate the short-term effects on appetite and food intake of 48 g of whole-grain wheat (daily for 3 weeks) compared with refined grain (control). A total of fourteen healthy normal-weight adults consumed, within their habitual diets, either two whole-grain bread rolls (providing 48 g of whole grains over two rolls) or two control rolls daily for 3 weeks. Changes in food intake were assessed using 7 d diet diaries. Changes in subjective appetite ratings and food intake were also assessed at postprandial study visits. There were no significant differences between interventions in energy intake (assessed by the 7 d diet diaries and at the ad libitum test meal), subjective appetite ratings or anthropometric measurements. However, there was a significant difference between interventions for systolic blood pressure, which decreased during the whole-grain intervention and increased during the control intervention ( − 2 v. 4 mmHg; P = 0·015). The present study found no effect of whole grains on appetite or food intake in healthy individuals; however, 48 g of whole grain consumed daily for 3 weeks did have a beneficial effect on systolic blood pressure. The findings from the present study therefore do not support epidemiological evidence that whole grains are beneficial in weight regulation, although further investigation in other population groups (such as overweight and obese) would be required.

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