On the transpiration of wild olives under water-limited conditions in a heterogeneous ecosystem with shallow soil over fractured rock

AbstractMediterranean ecosystems are typically heterogeneous and savanna-like, with trees and grass competing for water use. By measuring sap flow, we estimated high transpiration of wild olive, a common Mediterranean tree, in Sardinia despite dry conditions. This estimate agrees with independent estimates of tree transpiration based on energy balance, highlighting the wild olive’s strong tolerance of dry conditions. The wild olive can develop an adaptation strategy to tolerate dry conditions. In this Sardinian case study, the wild olive grew in shallow soil, and the tree roots expanded into the underlying fractured basalt. The trees survived in dry periods using water infiltrated during wet seasons into fractured rocks and held in soil pockets. We estimated a high upward vertical flux through the bottom soil layer from the underlying substrate, which reached 97% evapotranspiration in August 2011. The water taken up by tree roots from bedrock hollows is usually neglected in ecohydrological modeling.

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KELOMPOK MUSIK REJUNG PESIRAH: STRATEGI ADAPTASI PADA MASYARAKAT PALEMBANG

Tonika: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengkajian Seni ◽

10.37368/tonika.v2i2.106 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 27-37

Author(s):

Dwi Putri Agustini

Keyword(s):

Cultural Anthropology ◽

Case Study Research ◽

Traditional Music ◽

Adaptation Strategy ◽

The People ◽

Musical Arrangements ◽

The Face ◽

Cultural Modification ◽

Traditional Arts

The present phenomenon has clearly brought a change and the influence of the development of traditional music in Palembang society, if this is not carefully addressed, it will experience a shift, alienation and even lose its supporters. The rejung pesirah music group is one of the music groups that still maintains traditional arts in the people of Palembang. This study examines how the adaptation strategy of the rejung pesirah music group in dealing with changes and developments in Palembang society. For this reason, the approach used is cultural anthropology with qualitative case study research methods in Palembang. Data collection is done through observation, interviews and document studies that use triangulation techniques as the validation of the data, while for data analysis through content analysis and interactive models. The results showed that the adaptation strategy undertaken by the rejung pesirah music group was an act and creative ability and had a positive mindset, understanding in responding to changes and needs as an impulse to develop in the face of environmental change and development through learning processes and cultural modification, which resulted a creativity that is the creation of songs, musical arrangements, and musical instruments in the rejung pesirah music group.

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A Holistic Framework for Evaluating Adaptation Approaches to Coastal Hazards and Sea Level Rise: A Case Study from Imperial Beach, California

Water ◽

10.3390/w13091324 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1324

Author(s):

David Revell ◽

Phil King ◽

Jeff Giliam ◽

Juliano Calil ◽

Sarah Jenkins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sea Level Rise ◽

Sea Level ◽

Public Trust ◽

Adaptation Strategy ◽

Public Benefits ◽

Study Results ◽

Local Risk ◽

Over Time

Sea level rise increases community risks from erosion, wave flooding, and tides. Current management typically protects existing development and infrastructure with coastal armoring. These practices ignore long-term impacts to public trust coastal recreation and natural ecosystems. This adaptation framework models physical responses to the public beach and private upland for each adaptation strategy over time, linking physical changes in widths to damages, economic costs, and benefits from beach recreation and nature using low-lying Imperial Beach, California, as a case study. Available coastal hazard models identified community vulnerabilities, and local risk communication engagement prioritized five adaptation approaches—armoring, nourishment, living shorelines, groins, and managed retreat. This framework innovates using replacement cost as a proxy for ecosystem services normally not valued and examines a managed retreat policy approach using a public buyout and rent-back option. Specific methods and economic values used in the analysis need more research and innovation, but the framework provides a scalable methodology to guide coastal adaptation planning everywhere. Case study results suggest that coastal armoring provides the least public benefits over time. Living shoreline approaches show greater public benefits, while managed retreat, implemented sooner, provides the best long-term adaptation strategy to protect community identity and public trust resources.

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Vegetation dynamics and soil water balance in a water-limited Mediterranean ecosystem on Sardinia, Italy

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ◽

10.5194/hess-12-1257-2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 1257-1271 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

N. Montaldo ◽

J. D. Albertson ◽

M. Mancini

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Land Surface ◽

Vegetation Dynamics ◽

Mediterranean Ecosystems ◽

Surface Fluxes ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

Woody Vegetation ◽

Wide Range ◽

Hydrometeorological Conditions

Abstract. Mediterranean ecosystems are commonly heterogeneous savanna-like ecosystems, with contrasting plant functional types (PFTs, e.g. grass and woody vegetation) competing for water. Mediterranean ecosystems are also commonly characterized by strong inter-annual rainfall variability, which influences the distributions of PFTs that vary spatially and temporally. An extensive field campaign in a Mediterranean setting was performed with the objective to investigate interactions between vegetation dynamics, soil water budget and land-surface fluxes in a water-limited ecosystem. Also a vegetation dynamic model (VDM) is coupled to a 3-component (bare soil, grass and woody vegetation) Land surface model (LSM). The case study is in Orroli, situated in the mid-west of Sardegna within the Flumendosa river basin. The landscape is a mixture of Mediterranean patchy vegetation types: trees, including wild olives and cork oaks, different shrubs and herbaceous species. Land surface fluxes, soil moisture and vegetation growth were monitored during the May 2003–June 2006 period. Interestingly, hydrometeorological conditions of the monitored years strongly differ, with dry and wet years in turn, such that a wide range of hydrometeorological conditions can be analyzed. The coupled VDM-LSM model is successfully tested for the case study, demonstrating high model performance for the wide range of eco-hydrologic conditions. Results demonstrate also that vegetation dynamics are strongly influenced by the inter-annual variability of atmospheric forcing, with grass leaf area index changing significantly each spring season according to seasonal rainfall amount.

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Fly Ash Modified Coalmine Solid Wastes for Stabilization of Trace Metals in Mining Damaged Land Reclamation: A Case Study in Xuzhou Coalmine Area

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph15102317 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 2317 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jiu Huang ◽

Peng Wang ◽

Chaorong Xu ◽

Zhuangzhuang Zhu

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Trace Metal ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Fly Ashes ◽

Migration Ability ◽

Metal Elements ◽

Trace Metal Elements ◽

Simulated Precipitation ◽

Backfill Materials

In China, coalmine wastes, such as gangues, are used for reclamation of mining subsided land. However, as waste rocks, gangues contain several trace metal elements, which could be released under natural weathering and hydrodynamic leaching effects and then migrate into the reclamed soil layer. However, it is very difficult to find adequate other backfill materials for substitution of gangues. In this paper, we present a novel method and case study to restrict the migration ability of trace metal elements in gangues by using another kind of coalmine solid waste—fly ashes from coal combustion. In this study, fly ashes were mixed with gangues in different mass proportions 1:0.2, 1:0.4, 1:0.6 and 1:0.8 as new designed backfill materials. Due to the help of fly ash, the occurrence states of studied trace metal elements were greatly changed, and their releasing and migration ability under hydrodynamic leaching effect were also significantly restricted. In this research seven trace metal elements in gangues Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Mn and Ni were studied by using soil column hydrodynamical leaching method and simulated precipitation for one year. The results show that under the driving of natural precipitation trace metal elements were generally transported deep inside the reconstructed land base, i.e., far away from soil layer and most of the trace metal elements were transformed into a bonded state, or combined in inert occurrence states, especially the residual state. With this method, the migration activities of tested trace metal elements were greatly restricted and the environmental potential risk could be significantly reduced.

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Economic Valuation of “Parak” Traditional Agroforestry West Sumatera (Case Study in Nagari Paninggahan, Solok Regency)

INFLUENCE : International Journal of Science Review ◽

10.54783/influence.v3i3.154 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 34-42

Author(s):

Helmayuni ◽

Mardianto

Keyword(s):

Economic Valuation ◽

Economic Value ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Research Area ◽

Primary Data ◽

Domestic Water ◽

Traditional Agroforestry ◽

Direct Use

This study aims to determine the economic value, which is a direct and indirect benefit (tangible and intangible) of Parak in the research area. This research used a case study method, and the sampling was carried out in a purposive manner consisting of 50 sample farmers. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Preliminary data were obtained by direct interviews with respondents based on the questionnaire provided, while secondary data were taken from agencies related to this research. The processing of data obtained in the field shows that Parak plays an important role in supporting the economy of farmers in Nagari Paninggahan either directly or indirectly. The direct use value obtained from the plant is IDR. 46,753,650 (66,316 per cent), from firewood of IDR. 23,070,000 (32,722 percent) and from livestock IDR. 678,550 (0.963 per cent) so that the total direct use income is IDR. 70,502,200 per year of all commodities cultivated by the sample farmers. Meanwhile, for indirect use, such as household/domestic water use, IDR. 13,312,320/year and agricultural irrigation water IDR. 54,052,111/year. The total indirect usage is IDR. 67,364,431,-. Per year. Agroforestry patterns can cover the soil layer well and have an effective influence on soil erosion control to increase the supply of water in the soil. Respondents have also carried out other conservation activities by constructing bench terraces, terracing systems, and other buildings to suppress sedimentation and erosion.

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Application Of A Geophysical “Tool-Box” Approach To Characterization Of Fractured-Rock Aquifers: A Case Study From Norwalk, Connecticut

10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.192.frl_3 ◽

2001 ◽

Author(s):

John W. Lane Jr. ◽

John H. Williams ◽

Carole D. Johnson ◽

Sister Damien Marie Savino ◽

F. Peter Haeni

Keyword(s):

Fractured Rock ◽

Fractured Rock Aquifers

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Quantifying hydraulic properties of fractured rock masses along a borehole using composite geological indices: A case study in the mid- and upper-Choshuei river basin in central Taiwan

Engineering Geology ◽

10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105924 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 105924

Author(s):

Shih-Meng Hsu

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Hydraulic Properties ◽

Fractured Rock ◽

Rock Masses ◽

Central Taiwan ◽

Fractured Rock Masses

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Social Organization and Agricultural Strategies to Face Climate Variability: A Case Study in Guaraciaba, Southern Brazil

Sustainable Agriculture Research ◽

10.5539/sar.v2n3p118 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 118 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michelle Bonatti ◽

Sandro L. Schlindwein ◽

Ana Carolina F. De Vasconcelos ◽

Stefan Sieber ◽

Luiz Renato D Agostini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Social Organization ◽

Management Practices ◽

Local Development ◽

Adaptation Strategy ◽

Support Network ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Biodiversity Management ◽

Crop Species

<p>Climate scenarios and projections have suggested that the impacts of climate change on land use will be noticed particularly by the communities that depend on natural resources for their subsistence. The climate vulnerability of poor communities varies greatly, but in general, climate change combines with other threats and becomes superimposed on existing vulnerabilities. This paper presents a case study that strives to understand the social organization in a vulnerable community of Guaraciaba, in southern Brazil, to investigate aspects of an adaptation strategy to climate change based on the local development and conservation of landraces of a set of crop species. Landraces are varieties better adapted to adversities, especially drought, which is an important threat to the famers in the region. Every farmer receives annually a “kit of biodiversity”, a set of local varieties with the amount of seeds necessary to be cultivated in order to produce enough food for the family. The study had a qualitative approach and was carried out through semi-structured interviews with technicians and 30% of the rural families who farm with landraces. The study concludes that the factors that make this adaptation strategy sustainable are: the ability to undertake actions strongly based on local socio-cultural needs (a social support network), biodiversity management practices designed to reduce external economic dependence, self management of genetic resources, the establishment of priorities based on locally available resources, a work plan for community participation (field days, a community based festival), the establishment of the roles of community in the planning and implementation of programs for biodiversity management.</p>

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