Safety Analysis in Water Supply Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
Barbara Tchórzewska-Cieślak ◽  
Krzysztof Boryczko

AbstractIn the aspect of water management, the Water Directive regulates water management with the principle of sustainable development, in shaping, protecting, using and managing water resources. Analysis and assessment of the CWSS safety is a complex issue, including the analysis of potential threats, their effects and safety systems (barriers). The analysis is performed in terms of the water consumers health safety, threats of lack or deficit in water supply and threats to the environment. This process should include the analysis of the existing condition, possible potential threats and safety and repair procedures.

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Tillman ◽  
T. A. Larsen ◽  
C. Pahl-Wostl ◽  
W. Gujer

A methodology is developed to reveal the dynamics of behavior and interactions among actors (stakeholders) in water supply systems and their effect on the technical network and the ecological and socio-economic environment. An agent-based model is under construction which allows to simulate different scenarios of the actors' behavior and to compare the results with observed phenomena (stylized facts) of Swiss cities. First results further clarify the significance of demand trend analysis. We envision the model in a final stage as being helpful to tackle the task of illuminating the diffusive claims, expectations and interactions of the actors involved. Knowledge about these processes is crucial to uncover bottlenecks hindering the sustainable development of our water supply systems into the future.


Author(s):  
Baba Adamu ◽  
Ndi Humphrey N. ◽  
Balgah Sounders N.

Water supply system has played a significant role in the growth, development and wellbeing of cities. Until now, meeting the need of city residents in terms of availability, reliability, and access to a good quality water supply is a major challenge facing many denizens of the 21st Century due to unprecedented urban growth and urbanization rates. This study is out to examine the current issues and challenges to water supply systems in Limbe. The study adopted the mix method approach which involves triangulation of quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. Primary data were obtained from field observations, interviews and the administration of 383 questionnaires to households and stakeholders. Secondary data were obtained from relevant official documents, published and unpublished sources relevant to water supply systems. Satellite imageries and ArcGIS were used to describe the pattern of growth in built-up areas between 1986 and 2019. Data from the questionnaire were entered using Epi Data Version 3.1, analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science Standard version 21.0 and Microsoft Excel and presented in the form of tables, figures, plates and maps. Findings revealed that, although the water supply accessibility by utilities has improved significantly, the reliability, distribution, flow frequency, supply, price and quality are still low. The inaccessibility and unreliability in the water supply have turned most households to alternative sources with poor quality. Unsustain urbanization and urban growth are occurring through infills in city remaining open spaces and ‘out spill’ and expansion at the outskirt without a concurrent increase, upgrading or extension of water supply infrastructural systems resulting to congestion, conflict over allocation, long-distance trekking to source water, deterioration of basic social services, pollution, inaccessibility amongst to ensure efficient water supply systems and sustainable urban water management. The paper, therefore, calls for the rehabilitation and renovation of dilapidated water supply structures, extension and upgrading basic services, limit urbanization and urban growth, encourage the construction and use of alternative water sources, community participation amongst others for sustainable urban water supply management.


2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-318
Author(s):  
K. Tothova ◽  
I. Mrnco

The potable water supply concept reflects relationships between distribution of available water resources that determine hydrogeological attributes of the region, and distribution of water service areas. The distribution of the water resources is often uneven, which is one of reasons of development of extensive long distance water supply systems. The long distance water supply systems connect deficit areas with surplus water resources areas. For example, the yield of large capacity wells in Danube region near Bratislava is several times higher than the real demand in this region. In this case, water from the wells is transferred by multiple pumping over a long distance (tens or hundreds of kilometres) to the areas with shortage of sources. The Little Carpathians foothills, where local water sources (springs) do not give a sufficient yield all year long. Most of these springs offer high-quality water, but fluctuating yields of the sources and do not guarantee continuous water supply. The sources are important for its quality and yield as well as for their elevation. The elevation potential allows gravity water supply without a need for pumping. However, the water supply systems do not even use average yields of the springs. The balance capacity of the springs is technically designed for minimum yields. Therefore, several reasonable questions arise: Is it efficient to pump and transport water over a long distance even in the time of maximum yields of the gravity springs? How can we determine efficiency rate of use of such yield in its extreme status? The answers can be found in the analysis of the necessary technical measures and investments, and calculation of operating costs of a system dependent on variable yield of gravity springs.


Author(s):  
Arezoo Boroomandnia ◽  
Omid Bozorg-Haddad ◽  
Jimmy Yu ◽  
Mariam Darestani

Abstract Fast-growing water demand, population growth, global climate change, and water quality deterioration all drive scientists to apply novel approaches to water resource management. Nanotechnology is one of the state-of-the-art tools in scientists’ hands which they can use to meet human water needs via reuse of water and utilizing unconventional water resources. Additionally, monitoring water supply systems using new nanomaterials provides more efficient water distribution networks. In this chapter, we consider the generic concepts of nanotechnology and its effects on water resources management strategies. A wide range of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies, including nano-adsorbents, nano-photocatalysts, and nano-membranes, are introduced to explain the role of nanotechnology in providing new water resources to meet growing demand. Also, nanomaterial application as a water alternative in industry, reducing water demand in the industrial sector, is presented. Another revolution made by nanomaterials, also discussed in this chapter, is their use in water supply systems for monitoring probable leakage and leakage reduction. Finally, we present case studies that clarify the influence of nanotechnology on water resources and their management strategies. These case studies prove the importance and inevitable application of nanotechnology to satisfy the rising water demand in the modern world, and show the necessity of nanotechnology awareness for today's water experts.


2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen X. Zhang ◽  
Vladan Babovic

Water supply has become a priority for developed and developing nations of the world. Conventional water resources alone cannot meet the growing demand for water in urban cities. Management of the problem is amplified by uncertainty associated with different development strategies. Singapore has limited conventional water resources and progressively architects its water supply system through acquiring and sustaining multiple (alternative) water resources through innovative technologies. The full rationale and merits of such a policy cannot be properly understood based on traditional project valuation methods alone. This paper provides decision support using a real options approach by evaluating innovative water technologies from multiple perspectives under uncertainty. This paper demonstrates that incorporating innovative water technologies into water supply systems can concurrently improve water supply from the financial, political and socioeconomic perspectives. The development of innovative water technologies provides flexibility to the water supply system, and is a fundamental and effective means of risk management. The evaluation of innovative water technologies is based on an integrated real options approach, which provides decision support for architecting water supply systems under uncertainty. The approach gives specific tangible values for the water technologies and complements the general prescriptive Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) framework.


Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giada Felisa ◽  
Ilaria Lauriola ◽  
Valentina Ciriello ◽  
Vittorio Di Federico

Water resources are essential for the economic development and sustenance of human activities belonging to the civil, agricultural and industrial sectors. Increasing water stress conditions, mainly due to climate change and population growth, imply the need to improve the resilience of water supply systems and account for sustainability of water withdrawals. Metabolic modelling approaches represent a flexible tool able to provide a support to decision making in the medium-long term, based on sustainability criteria. Here, these concepts are adopted to analyse part of the water supply network in the Province of Reggio-Emilia (Italy). Different water withdrawals scenarios are considered to account for a potential decrease in water resources availability from a quantitative perspective. As a second step, these scenarios are compared by means of a set of key performance metrics able to identify the most sustainable long-term strategy for a dynamic management of the water supply system. Results of these analysis allow to increase the resilience of the network under future scenarios, while protecting the water resources.


Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2882
Author(s):  
Vasilis Kanakoudis ◽  
Stavroula Tsitsifli

This Special Issue addresses topics on the water–energy–food (WEF) nexus along with other water-related topics, such as water resources, irrigation and drinking water supply systems, hydraulics and pollution. Several threats jeopardize freshwater availability and quality, energy and food availability. Integrated management approaches are absolutely necessary for pursuing sustainability. This Special Issue addresses various subjects and includes 29 peer-reviewed papers that have been grouped into the following categories: the WEF nexus, water resources and irrigation systems, drinking water supply systems, hydraulics and pollution. Some of them were selected from the Third Efficient Water Systems (EWaS) International Conference, entitled “Insights on the Water–Energy–Food Nexus,” after a thorough content update. Summaries of the papers are briefly presented in this Editorial.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 947
Author(s):  
Barbara Tchórzewska-Cieślak ◽  
Katarzyna Pietrucha-Urbanik ◽  
Mohamed Eid

Within the frame of upgrading and modernisation of the Water Supply System (WSS), our work is focussing on the safety systems/devices implemented or that should be implemented in the WSS. The implementation of safety systems is supposed to reduce hazard occurrence and hazardous consequences in case of a WSS unsafe disruption. To assess this reduction, we preconise the use of the safety integrity levels standards. The implementation of the safety systems/devices is undertaken on the ground of the multi-barriers safeguard approach. The “Water Contamination Hazard” is considered in the paper. A case study is presented, assessed and conclusions are drawn. The methodology presented in the paper and the results of the case study assessment will contribute to the decision-making regarding the upgrading of the safety and the performance of the WSS.


GEOgraphia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (49) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Ricardo Ribeiro

A crise de abastecimento de água ocorrida no biênio 2014-2015 atingiu de forma intensa e prolongada as duas maiores aglomerações metropolitanas brasileiras – Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo –, fortemente dependentes de bacias hidrográficas externas às suas áreas de abrangência e submetidas a um processo histórico de degradação ambiental – Paraíba do Sul e Alto Tietê-PCJ, respectivamente. Para além da ênfase na dimensão natural da conjuntura de crise, expressa na situação de escassez hídrica, o presente trabalho discute o papel desempenhado pelas redes técnicas de infraestrutura na conquista das águas das duas metrópoles, cujos sistemas de abastecimento expandiram-se e articularam-se progressivamente em direção aos mesmos recursos hídricos, por meio de esquemas de transposição que permitem a exploração de mananciais situados a distâncias cada vez maiores. As redes técnicas constituem-se em superfícies de regulação que delimitam e organizam a atuação das companhias estaduais de abastecimento de água, que assumiram o protagonismo da gestão da crise, colocando em xeque os princípios de descentralização e de participação consagrados na Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos, supostamente expressos na atuação dos Comitês de Bacia Hidrográfica. A decisão do governo paulista, motivada pela crise, de implementar a interligação entre os reservatórios de Jaguari e de Atibainha, com o objetivo de aumentar a segurança hídrica da metrópole paulistana via Sistema Cantareira, acirrou a competição com a metrópole carioca pelo uso dos recursos hídricos do Rio Paraíba do Sul. A interligação significou a possibilidade de conexão física entre esses conjuntos territoriais e evidenciou o processo de construção de uma escala regional de gestão das águas, expressa nos termos de uma “megarregião hídrica”, ou de uma “hidromegarregião”, circunscrita pela contínua e crescente integração entre os sistemas de abastecimento de água das duas metrópoles.Palavras-chave: crise de abastecimento de água; escala regional; Hidromegarregião Rio de Janeiro-São Paulo; redes técnicas de infraestrutura; superfícies de regulação. BETWEEN BASINS, MESHES AND NETWORKS: FROM THE THIRSTY METROPOLES TO THE WATER MEGAREGION Abstract: The water supply crisis that occurred in the two-year period of 2014-2015 intensely and protractedly affected the two largest metropolitan agglomerations in Brazil – Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo –, heavily dependent on hydrographic basins outside their catchment areas and subjected to a historical process of environmental degradation – Paraíba do Sul and Alto Tietê-PCJ, respectively. Going beyond emphasis on the natural dimension of the crisis, expressed in the situation of water scarcity, this paper discusses the role played by technical infrastructure networks in conquering the waters of the two metropoles, whose supply systems have been expanded and articulated progressively towards the same water resources, through transposition schemes enabling the exploitation of water sources located at ever greater distances. Technical networks are formed into regulatory areas that delimit and organize the activities of state water supply companies, which have taken on the role of crisis management, placing in check the principles of decentralization and participation enshrined in the National Water Resources Policy, supposedly expressed in the performance of the Hydrographic Basin Committees. The decision by the São Paulo state government, motivated by the crisis, to implement an interconnection between the Jaguari and Atibainha reservoirs, with the aim of increasing the water security in the São Paulo metropolitan area via the Cantareira System, intensified the competition with the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area for the use of water resources from the Paraíba do Sul River. The interconnection meant the possibility of physical connection between these territorial groups and highlighted the process of building a regional water management scale, expressed in terms of a “water megaregion”, or of a “hydromegaregion”, circumscribed by the continuous and growing integration between the water supply systems of the two metropoles. Keywords: water supply crisis; regional scale; Rio de Janeiro-São Paulo Hydromegaregion; technical infrastructure networks; regulatory areas. ENTRE CUENCAS, MALLAS Y REDES: DE LAS METRÓPOLIS SEDIENTAS A LA MEGARREGIÓN HÍDRICA Resumen: La crisis de abastecimiento de agua ocurrida en el bienio 2014-2015 afectó de manera intensa y prolongada las dos aglomeraciones metropolitanas brasileñas más grande – Rio de Janeiro y São Paulo –, fuertemente dependientes de cuencas hidrográficas externas a sus áreas de alcance y sometidas a un proceso histórico de degradación ambiental – Paraíba do Sul y Alto Tietê-PCJ, respectivamente. Además del énfasis en la dimensión natural de la coyuntura de la crisis, expresada en la situación de escasez hídrica, el presente trabajo discute el papel desempeñado por las redes técnicas de infraestructura en la conquista de las aguas de las dos metrópolis, cuyos sistemas de abastecimiento se expandieron y se articularon progresivamente en dirección a los recursos hídricos, mediante esquemas de transposición que permiten la explotación de manantiales ubicados a distancias cada vez mayores. Las redes técnicas se constituyen en superficies de regulación que delimitan y organizan la actuación de las compañías estatales de abastecimiento de agua, que han asumido el protagonismo de la gestión de la crisis, poniendo en jaque los principios de descentralización y de participación consagrados en la Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos, supuestamente expresados en la actuación de los Comités de Cuenca Hidrográfica. La decisión del gobierno de São Paulo, motivada por la crisis, de implementar la interconexión entre los depósitos de agua de Jaguari y de Atibainha, con el objetivo de aumentar la seguridad hídrica de la metrópolis de São Paulo a través del Sistema Cantareira, provocó la competición con la metrópolis de Rio de Janeiro por el uso de los recursos hídricos del Río Paraíba do Sul. La interconexión significó la posibilidad de conexión física entre estos conjuntos territoriales y evidenció el proceso de construcción de una escala regional de gestión de las aguas, expresa en los términos de una “megarregión hídrica” o de una “hidromegarregión” circunscrita por la continua y creciente integración entre los sistemas de abastecimiento de agua de las dos metrópolis. Palabras clave: crisis de abastecimiento de agua; escala regional; Hidromegarregión Rio de Janeiro-São Paulo; redes técnicas de infraestructura; superficies de regulación.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document