scholarly journals Assessment of selected exercise-induced CD3+ cell subsets and cell death parameters among soccer players

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Nowak ◽  
Dorota Kostrzewa-Nowak
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Naive Cell ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
The Impact

SummaryBackgroundMolecular mechanisms of biological adaptation to training in professional soccer players are unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of progressive physical effort on peripheral T-cells and their molecular response.MethodsThirteen soccer players form Pogo Szczecin S.A., a top league soccer club, (median age 21, range 18– 31, years old) performed progressive efficiency tests on a mechanical treadmill until exhaustion at the start (period 1) and the end (period 2) of a competition round. Venous blood T-lymphocyte subsets, selected hallmarks of cell death and plasma cytokine levels were determined by flow cytometry three times: pre-exercise, post-exercise, and in recovery.ResultsAlthough significant changes in T, Tc and Tc-naïve cell percentages were found in both periods, Th-naïve cell percentages were altered only in period 1. Post-exercise IL-10 plasma levels were higher than pre-exercise, while an increase in TNF-α levels was noticed in recovery from both periods. An increase in recovery IL-12p70 levels was observed in the second period. Increases in the percentage of T-cells with disrupted mitochondrial membrane potentials, elevated levels of phosphorylated H2AX histones and increases in early apoptotic T-cells were also observed.ConclusionsThe immune system in soccer players creates space for naïve CD3+CD8+cells by inducing mechanisms of cell death. It seems that the cumulative effect of physical activity during a competition round induced an adaptive mechanism, since the cell death process was induced faster during period 2.

scholarly journals Does Resisted Sled Towing Improve the Physical Qualities of Elite Youth Soccer Players of Differing Maturity Status?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhys Morris ◽  
Tony Myers ◽  
Stacey Emmonds ◽  
Dave Singleton ◽  
Kevin Till
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Bayesian Regression ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose Sled towing has been shown to be an effective method to enhance the physical qualities in youth athletes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a 6-week sled towing intervention on muscular strength, speed and power in elite youth soccer players of differing maturity status. Method Seventy-three male elite youth soccer players aged 12–18 years (Pre-Peak Height Velocity [PHV] n = 25; Circa-PHV n = 24; Post-PHV n = 24) from one professional soccer academy participated in this study. Sprint assessments (10 m and 30 m), countermovement jump and isometric mid-thigh pull were undertaken before (T1) and after (T2) a 6-week intervention. The training intervention consisted of 6 weeks (2 × per week, 10 sprints over 20 m distance) of resisted sled towing (linear progression 10%–30% of body mass) during the competitive season. Bayesian regression models analysed differences between T1 and T2 within each maturity group. Results There were minimal changes in strength, speed and power (P = 0.35–0.80) for each maturity group across the 6-week intervention. Where there were changes with greater certainty, they are unlikely to represent real effect due to higher regression to the mean (RTM). Conclusion It appears that a 6-week sled towing training programme with loadings of 10%–30% body mass only maintains physical qualities in elite youth soccer players pre-, circa-, and post-PHV. Further research is required to determine the effectiveness of this training method in long-term athletic development programmes.

scholarly journals Fas-mediated apoptosis of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons: differential in vitro preventive effect of cytokines and protease antagonists

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 4959-4966 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Estaquier ◽  
M Tanaka ◽  
T Suda ◽  
S Nagata ◽  
P Golstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Death Process ◽  
T Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Soluble Fas ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Human immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV) infection leads to a progressive loss of T-cell-mediated immunity associated with T-cell apoptosis. We report here that CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from HIV-1-infected persons are sensitive to Fas (CD95/APO-1)-mediated death induced either by an agonistic anti-Fas antibody or by the physiologic soluble Fas ligand, although showing no sensitivity to tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced death. CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell apoptosis induced by Fas ligation was enhanced by inhibitors of protein synthesis and was prevented either by a soluble Fas receptor decoy or an antagonistic anti-Fas antibody. Fas- mediated apoptosis could also be prevented in a CD4+ or CD8+ T-cell- type manner (1) by several protease antagonists, suggesting the involvement of the interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-converting enzyme (ICE)- related cysteine protease in CD4+ T-cell death and of both a CPP32- related cysteine protease and a calpain protease in CD8+ T-cell death; and (2) by three cytokines, IL-2, IL-12, and IL-10, that exerted their effects through a mechanism that required de novo protein synthesis. Finally, T-cell receptor (TCR)-induced apoptosis of CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected persons involved a Fas-mediated death process, whereas TCR stimulation of CD8+ T cells led to a different Fas-independent death process. These findings suggest that Fas-mediated T-cell death is involved in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pathogenesis and that modulation of Fas-mediated signaling may represent a target for new therapeutic strategies aimed at the prevention of CD4+ T-cell death in AIDS.

Characteristics of Potential Concussive Events in Three Elite Soccer Tournaments

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (20 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S10.2-S10
Author(s):  
Nicholas Charles Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Mechanism Of Injury ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Acute And Chronic Effects

ObjectiveTo determine the characteristics of potential concussive events (PCEs) in professional soccer.BackgroundSoccer players are at risk of sustaining sport-related concussions. The acute and chronic effects of concussive and sub-concussive impacts to the head are potentially detrimental to both players and healthcare systems worldwide. Identifying patterns in the nature and characteristics of these injuries may help sporting organizations understand how to reduce the burden of sport-related brain injuries.Design/MethodsThe present study analyzed the 2014 and 2018 FIFA World Cups (WC), and the 2016 Euro Cup (EC). Between the three tournaments, a total of 179 professional international matches were played. The researchers collected data pertaining to PCEs including mechanism of injury, location on the head, and number of concussion symptoms.ResultsA total of 237 PCEs were identified over 179 matches (1.32 per match, 40.12 per 1,000 hours of exposure). The most common mechanism of injury was elbow-to-head (n = 68, 28.7%), followed by head-to-head (n = 55, 23.2%) and hand/fist-to-head (n = 36, 15.2%). The impact locations most frequently affected were the frontal region (n = 54, 22.8%), followed by the parietal and occipital regions (n = 47, 19.8%), temporal region (n = 46, 19.4%), anterior surface of the mandible (n = 43, 18.1%), and nasal/maxilla region (n = 39, 16.5%). Most players (n = 210, 88.6%) showed two or more signs of concussion.ConclusionsOur study intended to investigate the prevalence, identification and nature of PCEs in professional soccer tournaments. Our findings indicate that different contexts and mechanisms of head contact and contact to different regions of the head can be associated with varying signs of concussion. Ultimately, promoting and enforcing enhanced concussion prevention initiatives in elite soccer can have an impact at all levels of the game. These findings may assist physicians, athletes, soccer organizations and other stakeholders worldwide with the care of injured players and the implementation of new rules and regulations to better protect their players.

scholarly journals Air Pollutants Reduce The Physical Activity Of Professional Soccer Players.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Zacharko ◽  
Robert Cichowicz ◽  
Marcin Andrzejewski ◽  
Paweł Chmura ◽  
Edward Kowalczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Considerable Problem ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sporting Performance

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the impact of air quality – analyzed on the basis of the model of integrating three types of air pollutants (ozone – O3, particulate matter - PM, nitrogen dioxide – NO2) – on the physical activity of soccer players. Study material consisted of 8927 individual match observations of 461 players competing in the German Bundesliga during the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 domestic seasons. The measured indices included players’ physical activities: total distance (TD) and high intensity effort (HIE). Statistical analysis showed that with increasing levels of air pollution, both TD (F = 13.900(3); p = 0.001) and HIE (F = 8.060(3); p = 0.001) decrease significantly. The worsening of just one parameter of air pollution results in a significant reduction in performance. This is important information as air pollution is currently a considerable problem for many countries. Improving air quality during training sessions and sports competitions will result in better well-being and sporting performance of athletes, and will also help protect athletes from negative health effects caused by air pollution.

scholarly journals Performance of Professional Soccer Players before and after COVID-19 Infection; Observational Study with an Emphasis on Graduated Return to Play

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11688
Author(s):  
Anamarija Jurcev Savicevic ◽  
Jasna Nincevic ◽  
Sime Versic ◽  
Sarah Cuschieri ◽  
Ante Bandalovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pcr Test

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in sport has been the subject of numerous studies over the past two years. However, knowledge about the direct impact of COVID-19 infection on the performance of athletes is limited, and the importance of studies on this topic is crucial during the current pandemic era. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in the match running performance (MRP) of professional soccer players that occurred as a result of COVID-19 infection after fulfilling all of the prerequisites for a safe return to play (RTP). The participants were 47 professional soccer players from a team which competed in first Croatian division (21.6 years old on average) during the 2020/21 season. The total sample was divided into two subgroups based on the results of a PCR test for COVID-19, where 31 players tested positive (infected) and 16 tested negative. We observed the PCR test results (positive vs. negative PCR), the number of days needed to return to the team, number of days needed to RTP after quarantine and isolation, and MRP (10 variables measured by a global positioning system). The number of days where the infected players were not included in the team ranged from 7 to 51 (Median: 12). Significant pre- to post-COVID differences in MRP for infected players were only found for high-intensity accelerations and high-intensity decelerations (t-test = 2.11 and 2.13, respectively; p < 0.05, moderate effect size differences), with poorer performance in the post-COVID period. Since a decrease of the MRP as a result of COVID-19 infection was only noted in two variables, we can highlight appropriateness of the applied RTP. However, further adaptations and improvements of the RTP are needed with regard to high-intensity activities.

scholarly journals The Impact of 120 Minutes of Match-Play on Recovery and Subsequent Match Performance: A Case Report in Professional Soccer Players

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Winder ◽  
Mark Russell ◽  
Robert Naughton ◽  
Liam Harper
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Air Pollutants Reduce the Physical Activity of Professional Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 12928
Author(s):  
Michał Zacharko ◽  
Robert Cichowicz ◽  
Marcin Andrzejewski ◽  
Paweł Chmura ◽  
Edward Kowalczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Considerable Problem ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sporting Performance

The aim of the study was to determine the impact of air quality—analyzed on the basis of the model of integrating three types of air pollutants (ozone, O3; particulate matter, PM; nitrogen dioxide, NO2)—on the physical activity of soccer players. Study material consisted of 8927 individual match observations of 461 players competing in the German Bundesliga during the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 domestic seasons. The measured indices included players’ physical activities: total distance (TD) and high-intensity effort (HIE). Statistical analysis showed that with increasing levels of air pollution, both TD (F = 13.900(3); p = 0.001) and HIE (F = 8.060(3); p = 0.001) decrease significantly. The worsening of just one parameter of air pollution results in a significant reduction in performance. This is important information as air pollution is currently a considerable problem for many countries. Improving air quality during training sessions and sports competitions will result in better well-being and sporting performance of athletes and will also help protect athletes from negative health effects caused by air pollution.

scholarly journals Regulation of Cell Death Induced by Acetic Acid in Yeasts

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana R. Chaves ◽  
António Rego ◽  
Vítor M. Martins ◽  
Cátia Santos-Pereira ◽  
Maria João Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Regulated Cell Death ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
The Impact

Acetic acid has long been considered a molecule of great interest in the yeast research field. It is mostly recognized as a by-product of alcoholic fermentation or as a product of the metabolism of acetic and lactic acid bacteria, as well as of lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment. High acetic acid levels are commonly associated with arrested fermentations or with utilization as vinegar in the food industry. Due to its obvious interest to industrial processes, research on the mechanisms underlying the impact of acetic acid in yeast cells has been increasing. In the past twenty years, a plethora of studies have addressed the intricate cascade of molecular events involved in cell death induced by acetic acid, which is now considered a model in the yeast regulated cell death field. As such, understanding how acetic acid modulates cellular functions brought about important knowledge on modulable targets not only in biotechnology but also in biomedicine. Here, we performed a comprehensive literature review to compile information from published studies performed with lethal concentrations of acetic acid, which shed light on regulated cell death mechanisms. We present an historical retrospective of research on this topic, first providing an overview of the cell death process induced by acetic acid, including functional and structural alterations, followed by an in-depth description of its pharmacological and genetic regulation. As the mechanistic understanding of regulated cell death is crucial both to design improved biomedical strategies and to develop more robust and resilient yeast strains for industrial applications, acetic acid-induced cell death remains a fruitful and open field of study.

scholarly journals Radiotherapy, Temozolomide, and Antiprogrammed Cell Death Protein 1 Treatments Modulate the Immune Microenvironment in Experimental High-Grade Glioma

Neurosurgery ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Riva ◽  
Roxanne Wouters ◽  
Edmond Sterpin ◽  
Roberto Giovannoni ◽  
Louis Boon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Immune Microenvironment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cell Death Protein

Abstract BACKGROUND The lack of immune synergy with conventional chemoradiation could explain the failure of checkpoint inhibitors in current clinical trials for high-grade gliomas (HGGs). OBJECTIVE To analyze the impact of radiotherapy (RT), Temozolomide (TMZ) and antiprogrammed cell death protein 1 (αPD1) (as single or combined treatments) on the immune microenvironment of experimental HGGs. METHODS Mice harboring neurosphere /CT-2A HGGs received RT (4 Gy, single dose), TMZ (50 mg/kg, 4 doses) and αPD1 (100 μg, 3 doses) as monotherapies or combinations. The influence on survival, tumor volume, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells was analyzed. RESULTS RT increased total T cells (P = .0159) and cluster of differentiation (CD)8+ T cells (P = .0078) compared to TMZ. Lymphocyte subpopulations resulting from TMZ or αPD1 treatment were comparable with those of controls. RT reduced M2 tumor-associated macrophages/microglia (P = .0019) and monocytic myeloid derived suppressor cells (mMDSCs, P = .0003) compared to controls. The effect on mMDSC was also seen following TMZ and αPD1 treatment, although less pronounced (P = .0439 and P = .0538, respectively). Combining RT with TMZ reduced CD8+ T cells (P = .0145) compared to RT alone. Adding αPD1 partially mitigated this effect as shown by the increased CD8+ T cells/Tregs ratio, even if this result failed to reach statistical significance (P = .0973). Changing the combination sequence of RT, TMZ, and αPD1 did not alter survival nor the immune effects. CONCLUSION RT, TMZ, and αPD1 modify the immune microenvironment of HGG. The combination of RT with TMZ induces a strong immune suppression which cannot be effectively counteracted by αPD1.

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