Critical study of the erroneous attribution of the book Shajarat al-Kawn to Ibn ‘Arabī instead of to Ibn Ghānim al‐Maqdisī

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Younes Alaoui Mdaghri
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Very Old ◽  
Islamic Mysticism ◽  
Ibn Arabi ◽  
Style Of Writing ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Universe

AbstractShajarat al-kawn, (The Tree of the Universe) is a beautiful short treatise on Islamic mysticism that describes the universe and its true origin, the role and place of Prophet Muhammad (peace be on him), and his central place in the sacred presence. According to some manuscripts from the 19th century (13th century A.H.), it is attributed to Muhyī d- Dīn Ibn ‘Arabī (d. 638 A.H./1240) . All scholars endorsed this attribution and it was conveyed via fifteen commercial book-prints.The study by Arabic scholars and orientalists and some translations led to doubt about the origin of the treatise. This was the start of an adventure because what was supposed to be known up to now would become questioned.During my research, I scrutinised two different unknown manuscripts of Shajarat alkawn. There was also a third, very old, manuscript written in the year 835 A.H. All these manuscripts refer to the author and poet ‘Izzu d-Dīn ‘Abd as-Salām Ibn Aḥmad Ibn Ghānim al-Maqdisī (d.678 A.H./1280) and not to Ibn ‘Arabī.Furthermore, I found some proof in the biographical history and the style of writing that pointed to Ibn Ghānim as the author. I came to the conclusion that the work was actually written by ‘Izzu d-Dīn ‘Abd as‐Salām Ibn Aḥmad Ibn Ghānim. From the results of my research, we can conclude that the book Shajarat al-kawn is by Ibn Ghānim and not Ibn ‘Arabī.This study consists of two parts. The first is: How did this treatise, Shajarat al-kawn, come to be universally attributed to Ibn ‘Arabī? The second is a discussion of the doubts that the treatise Shajarat al-kawn was written by Ibn ‘Arabī. This discussion consists of four topics: 1) the problem of copying manuscripts attributed to Ibn ‘Arabī, 2) the catalogues that attributed Shajarat al-kawn to Ibn ‘Arabī, 3) comparison of the text of the Shajarat al-kawn in both content and format with Ibn ‘Arabī and Ibn Ghānim, and 4) the studies and translations of the Shajarat al-kawn attributed to Ibn ‘Arabī.”

scholarly journals The Theme of Death and Eternity in Emily Dickenson’s Poetry

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2 (5)) ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
Gayane Petrosyan
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
American Poetry ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Surrounding World ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Universe

The poetry of the world-renowned poetess Emily Dickenson received general acclaim in the fifties of the previous century, 70 years after her death. This country-dwelling lady who had locked herself from the surrounding world, created one of the most precious examples of the 19th century American poetry and became one of the most celebrated poets of all time without leaving her own garden.Her soul was her universe and the mission of Dickenson’s sole was to open the universe to let the people see it. Interestingly, most of her poems lack a title, are short and symbolic. The poetess managed to disclose the dark side of the human brain which symbolizes death and eternity.

King Narasiṁha I Before his Spiritual Preceptor

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-138
Author(s):  
O. M. Starza-Majewski
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
The Sun ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Spiritual Instruction ◽  
Carboniferous Shale ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Victoria And Albert Museum

The collection of Indian sculpture in the Victoria and Albert Museum includes a fine relief from Koṇārka. It is about 2 feet 6¾ inches (78·1 cm.) in height and depicts King Narasiṁha I (a.d. 1238–64), the founder of the celebrated Sun temple at Koṇārka in Orissa, sitting at the feet of his spiritual preceptor (Plate I). Acquired in the 19th century, this relief, which is carved in carboniferous shale, was long believed to be Nepalese. Havell, writing in 1911, notes that this sculpture is “said to have come from Nepal. Its date is uncertain. It appears to represent a Vaishnava adaptation of some old Buddhist jātaka story.” Some years later it was realized that the style of this sculpture belonged to that of the Eastern Ganga of the 13th century a.d., and that it represented the conversion of a kṣatriya noble to the worship of Viṣṇu by a Vaiṣṇava priest. The figure of the warrior sitting at the feet of the priest was identified as that of Narasimha I receiving spiritual instruction from his guru. This relief is one of a number showing scenes from the life of Narasimha which come from the great Koṇārka temple dedicated by him to the sun-god Sūrya. Of these, the panel already mentioned and another in New Delhi throw an interesting light on Narasiṃha's religious beliefs.

scholarly journals Remarks on the Proportions and Dimensions Used in the Design of the Medieval Church of Zsámbék

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
Krisztina Fehér ◽  
Balázs Halmos
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Medieval Church ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Church ◽  
Design Logic

Since the 19th century, the church of Zsámbék was continuously a focus of scholars' interest. The present paper intends to research the church ruins with a new aspect. Using an accurate terrestrial laser scan survey, the geometry of the plan is analysed in order to find proportions among the dimensions. The main goal of the study is to gather information about the design logic of the first masters of the 13th-century Premonstratensian abbey. In addition, our goal was to detect contributions to the 13th-century construction history of the church, that cannot be found in archives of graphic sources. The latest archaeological excavation achieved excellent results concerning several crucial historical points; however, the periodization of the church is still not entirely clarified. From the 19th century, different scholars have proposed various hypotheses about this topic, without consensus.

scholarly journals Contributo para a conservação preventiva da coleção do livro antigo da Biblioteca da Casa José Régio, em Vila do Conde

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-35
Author(s):  
Diana Silva
Keyword(s):  
Survey Research ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Preventive Conservation ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
Arts And Humanities ◽  
Research Survey ◽  
Form Part ◽  
The University ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Universe

This article intends to share, in summary form, part of the work developed in the scope of the Master in Museology (MMUS) of the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the University of Porto (FLUP), having as context the José Régio's House in Vila do Conde and as a focus on antique book collection, from the 16th to the 19th century. The general objective was to contribute to its preventive conservation. More specifically, it intended to contribute to reducing the risk of its loss, by revising and updating its inventory, as well as proposing some solutions for other more general risk contexts. After a brief overview of the evolution of the support materials for the book, the main agents that can contribute to its deterioration are indicated. The universe of the study sample and the assumed work methodology are considered: documentary research, survey research, through non-formal interviews, and fieldwork. Finally, the results of the work developed are presented and basic preservation procedures are suggested.

The Legend of Conception of Svensky Monastery and the Icon of Our Lady of Pechersk Svensk: Text History, Poetics and Iconography

2021 ◽  
pp. 548-578
Author(s):  
Maria V. Antonova ◽  
◽  
Marianna A. Komova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Special Edition ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Main Text ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article defines the circumstances of the existence of the icon of Our Lady of Svensk Pechersk, which according to legend is a miracle-working icon of the Kiev-Pechersk monastery, sent to Bryansk to heal the blind Prince Roman. Its iconography reproduces the altar mosaic of the assumption Pechersk Church with the image of Our Lady enthroned, supplemented by figures of the upcoming venerable Anthony and Theodosius, which are their first surviving images. The story, reflecting the history of the icon, preserved in the Legend of Conception of Svensky Monastery and in the Tale of Svensky Icon of Our Lady. The Legend dates no later than 1566, when the life of the Svensky monastery became more active in connection with the renewal of the icon’s riza, carried out on the instructions of Ivan IV Vasilyevich. Most likely, the protograph of the Legend is a petition about the restoration of the icon’s riza of the elder Job Kamy- nin, presumably included in the monastic chronicler. Two well-known lists of Tales published in the late 18th — early 20th centuries belong to editions dating back to this protograph. The text of the Legend does not reflect the ecphrasis of the miraculous icon, but contains a legend about the finding of the Shrine and the Foundation of the monastery, which dates back to 1288. It is the miracle-working icon that becomes the main text-generating factor of the Legend, which implements the traditional motif: an ancient Shrine changes a person’s life, heals him through the prayers of Our Lady, he builds a monastery that be- gins to live, preserving the memory of the shrine, the donator and legendary events. The Tale of Svensky Icon of Our Lady is a monument of the 19th century and it is a Special edition of the Legend, which is limited to the history of the icon and the emergence of Svensky monastery in the late 13th century.

scholarly journals The Foreign Policy Doctrine of Traditional China

2021 ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Oleg E. Nepomnin
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
World Order ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
The World ◽  
Tribute System ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Official Status ◽  
The Universe

The article is a continuation of the cycle of theoretical works by Oleg E. Nepomnin (1935–2020) published in previous issues of the “Oriental Courier” [Nepomnin, 2019, 2020, 2021]. Oleg Nepomnin was among the most brilliant theorists of the development of Eastern societies. The author considers the foreign policy doctrine of traditional China as an integral part of China’s social perceptions of the world order. Based on the concepts of “world–cosmos” and “world-society”, the Chinese foreign policy doctrine was based on the fundamental idea of the oneness of the world order. In the “world of men”, world laws were embodied by the Chinese emperor — the Son of Heaven — and Chinese statehood. Next to China and its emperor, there could be no equal states and no equal monarchs. In this view of the world, China had borders and the Celestial Empire had none, implying the worldwide scope of the power of the Son of Heaven. On this ideological basis emerged the foreign policy dichotomy “civilized centre — savage periphery”, or “China — barbarians”. The author examines the origins of this influential concept from antiquity to the fall of the empire in China in the 20th century. A “tribute” system of interaction with other states was a logical continuation of ideas about the world order in China and its place in it. But the author stresses that despite China’s desire to maintain the illusions of a functioning “tribute” system, strengthen the prestige of imperial power and carry out monopolistic state trade with “barbarians”, “barbarian” embassies themselves often arrived in China with purely pragmatic goals: to establish trade, receive rich gifts from the emperor, elevate official status, get investiture and the Chinese title. In fact, China lost its status as the hegemon of the ‘tribute” system and the “Centre of the Universe’ after the Opium Wars in the 19th century. China was relegated to the level of the “sick man of Asia”, although the “tribute system” itself continued to function long after that. Even as the “Chinese world order” rapidly collapsed in the 70–90s of the 19th century, and previous Chinese “tributaries” were turned into colonies and semi-colonies of the capitalist West, Beijing’s rulers clung frantically to the “tribute” system. Up to the fall of the empire, the Manchu rulers could not get rid of the burden of traditional notions of China as the “Centre of the Universe” surrounded by the periphery and “barbarian rebellion”.

scholarly journals “Life as Suffering”: the Motive of Revenge in the Novel by E. T. A. Hoffmann “The Marquis de la Pivardière” and the Novel by J. Janin “The Dead Donkey and the Guillotined Woman”

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
N. M. Ilchenko ◽  
Yu. A. Marinina
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Novel ◽  
National Image ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Universe

The motive of revenge is analyzed on the basis of the French topos, considered as a space of crime and punishment. It is noted that the novel by E. T. A. Hoffmann and the novel by J. Janin are united by attention to fate as a catastrophic concept inscribed in the picture of life in France. The relevance of the study is associated with the problems of the formation of national identity, national image by romantics of Germany and France. It is shown that the German romantic, who relied on fantasy as a means of understanding and cognizing life, became a model for J. Janin in the perception of “observed material”. Special attention is paid to the artistic embodiment of life as an “ugly abyss” in which the heroines of E. T. A. Hoffmann and J. Janin find themselves. The results of a comparative analysis of the novel, the action of which belongs to the second half of the 17th century are presented in the article. But the writer discusses the morals of the heroes from the point of view of the romantic canon, and the novel, the action of which is attributed to the end of the 20s of the 19th century. The novelty of the research is connected with the fact that the drama of human existence (female) is viewed as a result of the fragility of earthly existence, the loss of faith in the rationality of the universe. This approach made it possible to analyze the national forms of romanticism, the individual approach of Hoffmann and Janin to understanding the moral and the sinful.

INSTITUTE OF LEVIRATE IN INDIVIDUAL MOUNTAIN SOCIETIES OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS (ERRORS IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CHECHEN PEOPLE)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Тимур Султанович Габазов
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Traditional Society ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Main Message ◽  
The 19Th Century

В данной статье приводятся примеры исторического искажения некоторых правовых институтов возникновения семейных правоотношений между чеченцами и возникшего в результате заблуждения. Выдающиеся российские кавказоведы второй половины XIX века относят широкое распространение левирата у чеченцев как одну из основных форм брака. Основным из посылов научного исследования будет являться постижение данной проблематики с учетом более глубокого критического изучения и анализа уже существующих работ в области кавказоведения, а также через прямые векторы информации - через непосредственных носителей информации, самих представителей традиционного общества. This article provides examples of the historical distortion of some legal institutions of the emergence of family legal relations between Chechens and the resulting delusion. Prominent Russian Caucasian scholars of the second half of the 19th century consider the widespread use of levirate among Chechens as one of the main forms of marriage. The main message of scientific research will be the comprehension of this problem, taking into account a deeper critical study and analysis of already existing works in the field of Caucasian studies, as well as through direct vectors of information - through direct carriers of information, representatives of traditional society themselves.

Współczesna (re)interpretacja powieści Jane Austen – o poszukiwaniu wolności

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2 (465)) ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
Ewelina Włodzyńska
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Jane Austen ◽  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
Feminist Criticism ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cultural Image ◽  
Dark Continent ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Universe

Contemporary (Re)interpretation of Jane Austen’s Novels – about Looking for Freedom is a comparative study of the works of the author of Sense and Sensibility and the British series Taboo. As the main aim of paper the author took the search for analogies in these, far and totally different, as it may seems, texts of culture. Naming after Carrie Vaughn the works of Miss Austen as the “universe mirrors”, the author drew the attention to the modern “reflections” of Austen’s characters (anti-heroes, look-alikes) and today’s reinterpretation of the 19th century. For the palimpsest reading of the Austen’s novel she used the tools of the feminist criticism and the postcolonial theory. It allowed her to observe the femininemasculine relations, the relations based on a master-servant pattern, and, at the end, to analyse the political, social, cultural image of the coloniser and the colonised, which has been made by the colonial regime at that time. The author of the article put these two discourses together in order to prove that the rights of the 19th century wife were limited to those of a slave from the Dark Continent.

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