scholarly journals Morphological Peculiarities of Parasitic (Trichosomoides crassicauda) Infection in Rat Urinary Bladder

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladyslav Sikora ◽  
Mykola Lуndіn ◽  
Natalia Hyriavenko ◽  
Roman Moskalenko ◽  
Yulia Lуndіna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Alcian Blue Staining ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Rat Urinary Bladder ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Wild Rats

Abstract Trichosomoides crassicauda (T. crassicauda) is a parasite commonly localized in the urinary bladder (UB) of laboratory and wild rats. The presence of these helminths can influence the prediction of pathological changes in the UB. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to make a comprehensive study of the features of the morphological changes in the UB wall of white laboratory rats as a result of T. crassicauda infestation. The study was performed on male rats using histological (Hematoxyline-Eosin and Alcian Blue staining) and immunohistochemical (Ki-67, Hsp70, Hsp90α, CD3 and CD20) methods. T. crassicauda was detected in both urine and UB samples. Morphological changes were observed as disruption in urothelial cell stratification and insignificant proliferative and immune responses in the UB. Increased heat shock protein levels were observed which may suggest a natural body’s resistance to this parasite.

scholarly journals LncRNA DANCR and miR-320a suppressed osteogenic differentiation in osteoporosis by directly inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1310-1325
Author(s):  
Cheng-Gong Wang ◽  
Yi-He Hu ◽  
Shi-Long Su ◽  
Da Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Osteoporosis Treatment ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Alcian Blue Staining ◽  
Alizarin Red

Abstract Our study aimed to determine how lncRNA DANCR, miR-320a, and CTNNB1 interact with each other and regulate osteogenic differentiation in osteoporosis. qRT-PCR and western blotting were performed to determine the expression of DANCR, miR-320a, CTNNB1, and the osteoporosis- or Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related markers T-cell factor 1 (TCF-1), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OPN). Interactions between CTNNB1, DANCR, and miR-320a were predicted by bioinformatics approaches and validated using a luciferase assay. Osteoblastic phenotypes were evaluated by ALP staining, ALP activity assay and Alizarin Red staining. The bilateral ovariectomy method was used to establish an in vivo osteoporosis model. Bone morphological changes were examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Alcian Blue staining. The expression levels of DANCR and miR-320a in BMSCs derived from osteoporosis patients were upregulated, whereas CTNNB1 expression was downregulated compared with that in healthy controls. Importantly, we demonstrated that miR-320a and DANCR acted independently from each other and both inhibited CTNNB1 expression, whereas the inhibitory effect was additive when miR-320a and DANCR were cooverexpressed. Moreover, we found that DANCR overexpression largely abrogated the effect of the miR-320a inhibitor on CTNNB1 expression and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in BMSCs during osteogenic differentiation. We further confirmed the results above in BMSCs derived from an osteoporosis animal model. Taken together, our findings revealed that DANCR and miR-320a regulated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway during osteogenic differentiation in osteoporosis through CTNNB1 inhibition. Our results highlight the potential value of DANCR and miR-320a as promising therapeutic targets for osteoporosis treatment.

scholarly journals Effects of P-MAPA as Immunomodulator on Markers for Energy Metabolism in Bladder Cancer

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Wagner J. Fávaro ◽  
Petra K. Böckelmann ◽  
Patrick V. Garcia ◽  
Eduardo A.R. Socca ◽  
N. Durán
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Tumor Regression ◽  
Protein Aggregate ◽  
Rat Urinary Bladder ◽  
Glut 1 ◽  
F1 Atpase ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Bcg Therapy ◽  
Muscle Invasive

Introduction This study characterized and compared cellular energetic metabolism features in the treatment of chemically induced non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) in Fischer 344 rats that were submitted to intravesical immunotherapies with P-MAPA (Protein aggregate magnesium-ammonium phospholinoleate-palmitoleate anhydride) and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Methods Rat urinary bladder samples from Control, NMIBC (Cancer), NMIBC+BCG and NMIBC+P-MAPA groups were submitted to histopathological and western blotting analyses for the following proteins: GLUT 1, PFK, GAPDH, HADHSC, β-F1-ATPase, AMPK and mTOR. Results P-MAPA Intravesical treatment was effective in tumor regression and histologic recovery of the urinary bladder in the NMIBC. There was a significant increase in protein levels of GLUT 1, mTOR, GAPDH and HADHSC in the NMIBC+P-MAPA group. It was observed an increase in protein levels of PFK and β-F1-ATPase and a significant reduction in protein levels of AMPk in the NMIBC group. Conclusions Our results showed that immunotherapy with P-MAPA may be an alternative in the treatment of NMIBC, especially in cases where BCG therapy failure, as evidenced by the effect of P-MAPA on tumor regression.

scholarly journals Reliable diagnosis of Trichosomoides crassicauda in the urinary bladder of the rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cornish ◽  
M. A. Vanderwee ◽  
G. Findon ◽  
T. E. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Acridine Orange ◽  
Rat Urinary Bladder ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Reliable Diagnosis ◽  
Cryostat Sections ◽  
Reliable Methods ◽  
Scanning Electron

Two reliable methods are described for identifying infection of laboratory rats with the nematode Trichosomoides crassicauda. The first is a rapid method where cryostat sections of the rat urinary bladder are stained with acridine orange and viewed under a fluorescence microscope. The second involves the stabilization of the bladder surface prior to examination using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

An excitatory role for peripheral EP3 receptors in bladder afferent function

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (2) ◽  
pp. F585-F594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Su ◽  
Erin S. R. Lashinger ◽  
Lisa A. Leon ◽  
Bryan E. Hoffman ◽  
J. Paul Hieble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Afferent Nerve ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Rhythmic Contraction ◽  
Rat Urinary Bladder ◽  
Bladder Distension ◽  
Afferent Nerves ◽  
Afferent Fibers

The excitatory roles of EP3 receptors at the peripheral afferent nerve innervating the rat urinary bladder have been evaluated by using the selective EP3 antagonist (2 E)-3-{1-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-5-fluoro-3-methyl-1 H-indol-7-yl}- N-[(4,5-dichloro-2-thienyl)sulfonyl]-2-propenamide (DG-041). The bladder rhythmic contraction model and a bladder pain model measuring the visceromotor reflex (VMR) to urinary bladder distension (UBD) have been used to evaluate DG-041 in female rats. In addition, male rats [spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), Wistar-Kyoto (WKY), and Sprague-Dawley (SD)] were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, and primary afferent fibers in the L6 dorsal root were isolated for recording the inhibitory response to UBD following intravenous injection of DG-041. Intravenous injection of DG-041 (10 mg/kg), a peripherally restricted EP3 receptor antagonist, significantly reduced the frequency of bladder rhythmic contraction and inhibited the VMR response to bladder distension. The magnitude of reduction of the VMR response was not different in the different strains of rats (SD, SHR, and WKY). Furthermore, quantitative characterization of the mechanosensitive properties of bladder afferent nerves in SHR, WKY, and SD rats did not show the SHR to be supersensitive to bladder distension. DG-041 selectively attenuated responses of mechanosensitive afferent nerves to UBD, with strong suppression on the slow-conducting, high-threshold afferent fibers, with equivalent activity in the three strains. We conclude that sensitization of afferent nerve activity was not one of the mechanisms of bladder hypersensitivity in SHR. EP3 receptors are involved in the regulation of bladder micturition and bladder nociception at the peripheral level.

scholarly journals The Effect of Crude Extract and Fractions of Teucrium polium L. on the Brain, Liver, and Kidney of Male Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Noureddin Nematollahi-Mahani ◽  
Sepideh Ganjalikhan-Hakemi ◽  
Zahra Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sublethal Dose ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Cytoplasmic Vacuolization ◽  
Folk Remedy ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Teucrium Polium ◽  
The Brain

Background: Teucrium polium (TP) is a medicinal plant with a long history of consumption as a folk remedy for curing many diseases, including diabetes, common cold, obesity, anxiety, etc. Objectives: The present study aimed at investigating the effects of TP crude extracts (TPCE), as well as its diethyl ether (DE) and petroleum ether (PE) fractions, on the brain, kidney, and liver tissue of male rats in the subchronic phase. Methods: In the study, 45 adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups as the PBS (receiving phosphate buffer saline), vehicle (receiving dimethyl sulfoxide), as well as CE, PE, and DE receiving 3 mg/kg (100 µL) TPCE, PE, and DE, respectively, for six weeks. Histopathological examinations by hematoxylin and eosin staining investigated morphological changes in all specimens. Also, the brain samples were stained by the immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique with Ki-67, CD31, p53, Nestin, and GFAP markers. Results: The findings showed that the prolonged consumption of TP caused the formation of histological lesions as apoptosis, degeneration, cytoplasmic vacuolization of neurons, and foamy cells in the brain. The liver, displayed cytoplasmic vacuolization, apoptosis, degeneration, and dilated sinusoids. Moreover, TP led to atrophy, vacuolization, and necrosis in renal cells. IHC studies evidenced an increase in the expression of P53, whereas the expression of Ki67 and CD31 decreased. It should be noted that TP crude extract and fractions were toxic; however, the PE fraction was more cytotoxic than others. Conclusions: The study findings indicated that long-term administration of a sublethal dose of TP impairs cellular integrity in vital orangs, including the liver, brain, and kidney, through triggering the cell death mechanisms.

Effect of verapamil on cytoplasmic distribution of granules and microfilaments in amphibian urinary bladder

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 324-325
Author(s):  
A.J. Mia ◽  
L.X. Oakford ◽  
T. Yorio
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Granular Cell ◽  
Cytosolic Calcium ◽  
Calcium Storage ◽  
Amphibian Urinary Bladder ◽  
Vesicular Membrane ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Cytoskeletal System

The amphibian urinary bladder has been used as a ‘model’ system for studies of the mechanism of action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in stimulating transepithelial water flow. The increase in water permeability is accompanied by morphological changes that include the stimulation of apical microvilli, mobilization of microtubules and microfilaments and vesicular membrane fusion events . It has been shown that alterations in the cytosolic calcium concentrations can inhibit ADH transmembrane water flow and induce alterations in the epithelial cell cytomorphology, including the cytoskeletal system . Recently, the subapical granules of the granular cell in the amphibian urinary bladder have been shown to contain high concentrations of calcium, and it was suggested that these cytoplasmic constituents may act as calcium storage sites for intracellular calcium homeostasis. The present study utilizes the calcium antagonist, verapamil, to examine the effect of calcium deprivation on the cytomorphological features of epithelial cells from amphibian urinary bladder, with particular emphasis on subapical granule and microfilament distribution.

947: Chemopreventive Effects of COX-2 Inhibitor and Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-Receptor Kinase Inhibitor on Rat Urinary Bladder Tumorigenesis

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 251-251
Author(s):  
Kazunori Hattori ◽  
Katsuyuki Iida ◽  
Akira Johraku ◽  
Sadamu Tsukamoto ◽  
Taeko Asano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Egf Receptor ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Receptor Kinase ◽  
Rat Urinary Bladder ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Cox 2
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