scholarly journals Land development policy as related to real estate influenced by railway noise in the context of allowable indicators that have been recently modified in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Podawca ◽  
Krzysztof Karsznia ◽  
Kamil Jewuła
Keyword(s):  
Development Policy ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Railway Noise ◽  
Regulatory Changes ◽  
Current State ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
The City

Abstract The paper deals with the problem of rail noise pollution in cities in the context of legal amendments. This aspect is often neglected in the process of spatial planning. The authors were motivated to undertake this analysis both by legal changes permitting higher levels of acceptable noise thresholds, which were introduced and legalised in October 2012, and by the intensified levels of investment in areas neighbouring railways. On selected examples of residential areas in Warsaw, Poland (the city districts of Ursus, Białołęka and Ursynów), relevant land development sites were analysed against the course of isophones showing permissible noise levels. The analysis was based on data taken from acoustic maps for Warsaw from 2012 and 2017, planning studies, the Topographic Objects Database (BDOT10k) and the current state of land development. Using ArcGis software, 22 features, three study areas, and corresponding quantitative indicators were assessed. The authors presented the level of railway noise pollution set against the general spatial development. The analysis demonstrated that the changes in legislation have resulted in the “acoustic release” of land near railways; i.e., in these areas new, less-restrictive regulations on noise pollution have become permissible. In turn, the number of buildings that were considered at risk of noise pollution before 2012 has fallen. The aforementioned regulatory changes may unfavourably impact residential areas neighbouring railways and this has even provoked a wider discussion at the European Union level.

scholarly journals The issue on environmental assessment of air quality of residential areas near traffic flows

2018 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 12009
Author(s):  
Tatiana Germanova ◽  
Anna Kernozhitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Network Composition ◽  
The City

A significant role in ensuring comfortable living conditions in the urban environment is played by the competent organization of the transport and road complex, which is aimed at ensuring road safety, reducing the load on highways for car density and improving the efficiency of traffic in the city when performing planning and technological measures. At the same time, the current state of the city’s traffic flows as sources of increased chemical pollution of the air environment requires an increase in the distance from streets and roads to residential buildings. This distance should be normalized by chemical and physical indicators of the state of atmospheric air and should be taken into account when red lines are established. In this article we analyze: functional state of the city, road network, composition and intensity of traffic flows for Tyumen. The traffic flows of the city are concentrated mainly in the central part of it. A particularly critical situation is formed at the intersections of cargo-loaded main streets at the hours of maximum traffic intensity and on the main highways of the city. We substitute the provision of regulatory requirements for the chemical pollution level at a distance from the border of the carriageway to the border of residential buildings in order to achieve sustainable urban development.

scholarly journals Development and modern state of gardens and parks of former iron mines at Kryvorizhzhya

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 54-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Savosko ◽  
N. V. Tovstolyak
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
General Level ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Current State ◽  
The City

The aim of the study to analyze the development and modern state of the gardens and parks of the former iron mines at Kryvorizhzhya. During 2013-2017, nine objects of landscape and park at Kryvorizhzhya were explored. Among them were: 1) seven operating parks («Ternivskyi», «Shakhtarskyi», «Zatyshnyi», Suvorov sports park, park near the Palace of Culture of mine «Rodina», «Saksahanskyi», «Rudanivskyi»), one abandonment park in the exclusion zone (Park of mine «Hvardiiska»), one garden of hotel «Park House» (private property). Initially, a historical description of the above objects of landscaping, as well as their structural and functional organization was presented. In the future, in the field conditions, by the route method, the present state of the gardens and parks was investigated and the general level of development of their shoots and shrubs was determined. System creation of gardens and parks on the territory of former iron mines of Kryvorizhzhya began in the 30's of the 20th century, and became massive in the 50's and 60's of the twentieth century. After 80 years of the 20th century there was a change in their owners, a decrease in their social status and the cessation of necessary expenses for their maintenance. At the beginning of the XXI century, among the gardens and parks of the former iron mines of Kryvorizhzhya, in the best condition is the Garden of the Hotel «Park House», which incorporates modern garden and park technology. Now the parks «Shakhtarskyi» and «Saksahanskyi» have the official status – the district parks of the city. The park «Ternivskyi» has the informal status of the main park of the neighborhood. That's why all these parks are actively used, and their territory is relatively well-groomed. Simultaneously others Parks («Zatyshnyi», near the Palace of Culture of mine «Rodina» and «Rudanivskyi») turned out to be less popular for visitors and less for owners. Therefore, their area and plantations - only partially well-groomed. Suvorov sports park, as well as Park of mine «Hvardiiska» are most de-structured. Therefore, their territory is practically unhealthy and the species composition of trees and shrubs degrades. In general, the current state of the gardens and parks of the former iron mines of Kryvorizhzhya depends on «social demand», the degree of their remoteness from residential areas and containment technologies. The obtained results can be used during the development and substantiation of the system of measures for optimization of existing and designing of new garden and park plantings in industrial regions. In further research it is expedient to analyze the environmental conditions of the gardens and parks of the former iron mines of Kryvorizhzhya, as well as the floristic composition and the condition of woody-shrub species. In addition, it makes sense to expand the list of these mines and explore the gardens and parks of inactive mines to them May 1 and Ingulets.

scholarly journals Optimize the noise factor of traffic flow in Lviv

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Kalyn ◽  
M. I. Shelevij
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Study ◽  
The City ◽  
Harmful Effects

The article provides an overview of the current state study of one of the most pressing environmental problems of large cities – the problem of noise pollution. Due to the increasing number of cars, industrial machines and mechanisms to date, over 60% of people living in cities, daily exposed to excessive noise. The aim is to study the problem of noise pollution urboecosystem of Lviv and finding effective methods to combat with noise. Identified sources, the main characteristics and ways of dealing with the harmful effects of noise pollution. Established magnitude of noise burden on certain streets and filed a comprehensive assessment of the acoustic load of the city. A performance experiments noise which generated of motor vehicles when driving on different stretches of road near two intersections – st. Franko – Green and Levitsky – Tershakovciv. Near the street. Franko during bilateral traffic and trams bilateral traffic noise performance of road transport accounted 75,7dBA +/– 3.2. By reducing the transport speed to 6–10 km/h performance noise constituted 70,4dBA +/– 2.5. Indicators of noise on the Levitsky street during a stop to road transport and traffic lights at the beginning of the movement consisted 66,8dBA +/– 2.9 and 2.6 +/– 69,8dBA. Indicators of noise on the Tershakovciv street respectively amounted to 63.8 +/– 3.2 dBA and 65.2 +/– 3.3 dBA. Today, the simplest and most common methods of noise control is the discharge of roads, planting green space and installing anti–noise screens.

scholarly journals The excess of sanitary norms on noise from motor transport in the cities of Irkutsk and Angarsk (Irkutsk agglomeration)

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-418
Author(s):  
Svetlana A Novikova
Keyword(s):  
Noise Level ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Health Organization

Acoustic pollution is a type of negative impact on the environment. According to the World Health Organization, the increased noise level is the second largest after pollution of the atmospheric air by the environmental cause of health problems in the population of industrial and transport cities. The increase in the number of road transport in the cities of the Irkutsk region leads to an increase in noise levels, its penetration into residential, public and office buildings. The increase in noise is also associated with the construction of new highways, bridges and roundabouts in cities. The article assesses noise pollution in large cities of the Irkutsk region. Observations on the composition and intensity of traffic at major intersections, highways and residential areas were carried out. With help of the sound level meter, noise level measurements were made in the daytime and at night and noise maps of the levels of the urban road network were constructed. The legislative basis for noise regulation in the Russian Federation and the countries of the European Union has been studied. A set of measures is suggested that contributes to reducing the acoustic impact on residents of the cities of the Irkutsk region.

scholarly journals GREENING OF LVIV: A REVIEW THROUGH HISTORY

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Makiichuk L ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Concentric Circles ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

The article highlights and analyzes the main periods of development of urban green areas of Lviv from the founding of the princely city to the present day. Methods of historical analysis and analysis of the scientific literature were used in the study to find the relationship between historical conditions and periods of development of green areas. Statistical analysis was also used to study statistics on green space, city area and population. Several main periods were identified during the study. The first period - the twelfth century. until 1777 – a period of rapid development of the "city in the walls" and changes in the surrounding lands. The first attempts at organized landscaping in the courtyards of monasteries and nearby cemeteries took place at this time. In the following period from 1777. by 1948, the decision to dismantle the walls and create the first planned landscaping of the city was made. Also, large parks near the estates of noble families were built. Since 1948 after 1917 the ecological situation in the city has deteriorated due to the active development of technology and industry, and the construction of residential areas with gardens has revived. Holding a National Exhibition in the 90s of the XIX century. was the impetus for the creation of new green areas. In the period of 1918 until 1939 the pace of landscaping of the city decreased, landscaping was organized mainly in the central part. At this time, Drexler's idea of expanding Lviv was realized, and the idea of forming a structure of landscaping in the form of three concentric circles is still relevant. From 1939 to 1980, the city's landscaping was actively and gradually developed, new parks were created, and suburban green areas for recreation were developed. The most modern stage – from gaining Independence to the present day – is the period when green areas need planned improvement and protection. The study confirmed the view that green areas are closely linked to historical events, such as wars or the active development of certain areas of the economy. Also, only quantitative indicators of green areas do not fully inform about the filling of the city with green spaces at different times, so it is necessary to take into account the qualitative characteristics.

scholarly journals THE EXPERT'S ESTIMATES APPLICATION IN THE PREPARATION OF CITY GENERAL PLAN

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Bardauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Public Involvement ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
National Level ◽  
Planning System ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Business World ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
General Plan ◽  
The City

The future of Lithuanian cities depends on a territorial planning system that is being constantly improved by the market factors and maturing democratic society. After the restoration of independence, cities underwent significant urban transformations, that lacked a clear strategy, and urban General Plans, the preparation of which intensified only after Lithuania's accession to the European Union. A limited work of general planning revealed strengths and weaknesses of the Lithuanian territorial planning system but failed to provide a clear, measurable answer how well this system meets European urban guidelines, market expectations and society's aspirations. In the absence of indicators, we have to rely upon the opinion of citizens and experts which is often different, unverified and therefore it is unclear whose interests these opinions reflects ‐ those all of the city or individual economically strong and politically influential interest groups. It is under these circumstances the second General Plan of Vilnius City to the year 2015 was drawn up after the restoration of independence. The plan was prepared by applying new planning methods based on citizens’ and experts’ poll results and broad public participation process. The reliability of the results of polls in Vilnius General Plan was estimated by applying mathematical methods. It showed great agreement among the experts’ opinions. Therefore it can be stated that solutions of the General Plan meet interests of its citizens. The tendency of the business world to evaluate territorial planning and urban problems is differently than urban developers, economists or scientists. Differently from business, citizens are more conservative in estimating the possibilities for new development and reconstruction in existing residential areas, but this opinion is not unanimous and is dependent on social economic factors (age, income, time of living in the city). Therefore a conclusion can be made that methods applied in city general planning process have enabled the preparation of a new high quality Vilnius City General Plan until 2015. Plan reflects the interests of all, of its citizens rather than individuals. The implementation of the General Plan is going to be successful if, first of all vital urban deformations are handled properly and problems of territory planning and public involvement, which are turning into systematic ones, are solved at the national level.

scholarly journals MINIMIZATION OF SOIL POLLUTION IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Yulia Mikhailovna Galitskova
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Current State ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Industrial Zones ◽  
The City ◽  
Nickel Manganese ◽  
Future Growth

The development of all spheres of human activity is associated with an increase in anthropogenic pressure on environment. Metropolitan areas and large cities are experiencing the greatest pressure. Both the development of new areas adjacent to built-up areas, as well as operating existing industrial and residential complexes suffer the influences. The article presents the results of a soil study conducted in the city of Novokuibyshevsk to determine the prospects for future growth of the city. Soil samples were taken throughout the city. When choosing the place of sampling, the locations of highways, industrial zones and residential buildings were taken into account. Soil testing was carried out to obtain data on the concentrations of heavy metals (lead, zinc, copper, cadmium, nickel, manganese, etc.), as well as sulfates and nitrates. The results were analyzed and contrasted with the standards and results of previous years.Based on the study of the current state of the soil, the authors assessed the degree of pollution of urban soils in an industrial city. In their study they proposed and developed measures to improve the condition of the soil, namely, analyzed the efficiency of using phytoremediation to reduce soil contamination in residential areas of the city. 

The Implementation of Rural Heritage Measures in Ukraine

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Serhiy Moroz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
Current State ◽  
Reserve Fund ◽  
Rural Development Policy

The paper describes the current state and tendencies in the development of rural heritage in Ukraine. Special attention is given to the nature reserve fund, forests, water resources, and historical-cultural objects. The preparatory steps for the implementation of rural heritage measures are presented, taking into account the necessity of the adaptation of the rural development policy of Ukraine to the requirements of the European Union. The aims, objects, and main directions of measures regarding the preservation of cultural and natural heritage in the rural regions of Ukraine are identified. The indicators for the evaluation of rural heritage measures are proposed.

Housing Policy of the City of Vienna as an Example for the Czech Republic

2014 ◽  
Vol 1020 ◽  
pp. 726-731
Author(s):  
Anna Koželouhová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Housing Policy ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Austrian Capital ◽  
The City

This work concentrates in its first part on the situation on the field of the social housing policy of the European Union. Subsequently, it collects and processes information about history and current state of the subsidized housing in Austrian capital Vienna, including its social, political and economic aspects. Viennese model, as a well-functioning system, is recommended as an example for the development of housing policy in the Czech Republic, especially in the city of Brno.

scholarly journals Forecast Estimates Based on the Results of Measuring Infrasound in Residential Areas of the City of Saint Petersburg

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
OI Kopytenkova ◽  
NA Mozzhukhina ◽  
GB Yeremin ◽  
EB Kuznetsova ◽  
ID Bulavina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Permissible Levels ◽  
The City

Introduction. The process of predicting infrasound exposures in residential areas is difficult due to the lack of methods of mathematical modeling and calculating probable infrasound levels in an open area. The assessment of infrasound exposures in residential areas can be only performed using direct instrumental studies. The purpose of the study was to determine the prospects for organizing and monitoring infrasound exposures in residential areas. Materials and methods. We analyzed federal and departmental regulations on infrasound measurements. Low-frequency noise pollution in residential areas of various parts of St. Petersburg was studied. The objects of experimental research were selected in the immediate vicinity of road junctions, railways, air transport trajectories, and in the zones of large industrial enterprises. Results. More than 1,000 instrumental measurements were taken. We analyzed infrasound test reports, which were part of environmental engineering surveys, over a 10-year period and found significant discrepancies between the results obtained under similar conditions by various laboratories. Conclusions. We established that the infrasound levels produced by the main anthropogenic sources in St. Petersburg did not exceed permissible levels. We also substantiated inexpediency of conducting comprehensive studies and monitoring the parameters of infrasound in residential areas.

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