scholarly journals Pastureland Copses As Habitats For A Primeval Forest Relict: A Unique Location Of The Rosalia Longicorn Rosalia Alpina (L.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) In The Polish Carpathians

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Ciach ◽  
Jakub Michalcewicz
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Primeval Forest ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Larval Host ◽  
Ulmus Glabra ◽  
Polish Carpathians ◽  
Saproxylic Species ◽  
Wych Elm

Abstract The Rosalia longicorn Rosalia alpina is regarded as a primeval forest relict and occurs mainly in old beech woodland in mountain areas. This paper describes a locality of the species in a copse surrounded by pastures, lying in open farmland situated at some distance from woodlands. The larval host plant was Wych Elm Ulmus glabra. The trees at this locality were dying from Dutch elm disease, which is caused by the fungus Ophiostoma sp. It is demonstrated that under favourable circumstances R. alpina can also colonise copses in pastureland, a hitherto unknown habitat for this species. At the same time this newly discovered locality may signify a change in the species’ habitat preferences. R. alpina is under threat, however, from the possible felling of the dead trees by the landowner; conservation measures should therefore include a mechanism for financial compensation in return for not cutting the trees down. This work has shown that copses may be used by endangered saproxylic species. The discovery of a R. alpina locality in a pastureland copse gives an indication of the importance of pockets of unmanaged habitat in the farming landscape, which could be contributing to the preservation of populations of rare species.

scholarly journals The Populations and Habitat Preferences of Three Elm Species in Conditions Prevailing on Plains of Poland

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Anna Napierała-Filipiak ◽  
Maciej Filipiak ◽  
Justyna Jaworek-Jakubska
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Forest Inventories ◽  
Current State ◽  
Ulmus Glabra ◽  
Research Problems

From among the 35–40 elm species existing around the world, three are native to Europe: the wych elm (Ulmus glabra Huds.), the European white elm, (Ulmus laevis Pall.), and the field elm (Ulmus minor Mill.). The populations of these trees have been greatly reduced as a result of a decrease in the total area of riparian forests. Furthermore, for nearly 100 years, they have been destroyed by Dutch elm disease (DED). The main research problems of this study are: what are the habitat preferences of elms growing in a given area; and whether the occurrence of DED depends on the species of elm and the habitat in which it occurs. The results presented here are based on field studies and observations have been supplemented with data from forest inventories. All of the examined elms are definitely more abundant in habitats that are fertile or very fertile and moist, with a neutral or slightly alkaline soil pH. The preference for moist sites is the most evident in the case of U. laevis and the least evident in the case of U. glabra. A slight shift in habitat preferences of the field elm, compared to the white elm, towards less humid conditions was observed. The predominant species of elm in the studied area is currently U. laevis, which was rarely cultivated in forests in the past. In the examined area, the field elm population is clearly on the decline mainly due to the long-term presence of Dutch elm disease. U. glabra is the rarest species in the examined area and most often found on slopes. The current proportions of individual species should be maintained. This paper discusses factors, including ones not connected with DED, that may be responsible for the current state of populations of particular species of elm in forests of Central Europe.

Endemism and diversity in European montane mammals: macro-ecological patterns

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Amori ◽  
Luigi Boitani ◽  
Giuliano Milana ◽  
Luigi Maiorano ◽  
Luca Luiselli
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Total N ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Extent Of Occurrence ◽  
Ecological Patterns

Abstract Mountains are important landforms with regard to both biodiversity and evolution of endemism. We analysed macro-ecological patterns of distribution and endemism of European montane (i.e. with at least 70% of their range inside mountain areas) mammals. The landscape of the study area was characterized by three environmental variables: land cover, land-use and elevation. For each species, we collected spatially explicit information on the extent of occurrence, level of endemicity, conservation status, habitat preferences, elevation range and all the available presence points. Montane species accounted for 25.5% of the total (N = 66), whereas lowland species (N = 193) accounted for 74.5% of the total European mammals. There was a significantly lower mean range in size of montane species compared to non-montane species. There was a negative correlation between the number of species and elevation, and a negative correlation between median elevation of the range of a given species and its extent of occurrence. The highest peak in the percentage of species present in each altitudinal band was observed at lower elevations in the lower altitude mountain chains. There was a significantly negative correlation between elevation and Simpson’s index of habitats, but species richness increased significantly with Simpson’s index of habitat diversity. A total of 122 species (40.7%) were European endemics, with the frequencies of endemic species not being different between montane areas and overall. A logistic regression model showed that, for a given species, being montane also enhanced the probability of being endemic to Europe. Montane species are especially concentrated in the Caucasus, along the Turkish coast of the Black Sea. The area of the various mountain chains did not influence either the number of montane species or the number of montane species that are strictly endemic to that mountain chain. A total of 45 endemic montane species were recorded for the study region, with only ten being of conservation concern according to IUCN criteria.

Biometry of adult rosalia longicorn Rosalia alpina (L.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from the Polish Carpathians: a preliminary study

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Michalcewicz ◽  
Michał Ciach
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
European Beech ◽  
The Body ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Ulmus Glabra ◽  
Polish Carpathians ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Two Populations

ABSTRACT.The body size of xylophagous beetles is determined by the host plant species, as well as by the amount and quality of breeding material. Consequently, the biometric traits of adults can be used as an indicator of the attractiveness of the breeding material and the quality of a habitat. The paper presents selected biometric traits of rosalia longicornRosalia alpina(L.) imagines in three populations from the Beskid Niski Mts (Carpathian Mts, south-eastern Poland). Two populations of this beetle from managed forests and one from a protected area in the Magura National Park were compared. The former developed on two different host plants (European beechFagus sylvaticaand wych elmUlmus glabra), the latter on European beech. No significant differences were found between the biometric traits of imagines from the three populations. No intersexual differences were found for the width of the pronotum in any of the populations, but females had longer elytra than males in all the populations. The lack of body size differences in these populations potentially indicates that this species occurs only in favourable habitat conditions. The limited species range and the patchy distribution of the rosalia longicorn are indications of its stringent habitat requirements and its dependence on forest management. Habitats supplying a sufficient amount and quality of suitable breeding material for the development of the rosalia longicorn should be protected.

Wie viel Totholz braucht der Wald? | Dead wood in managed forests: how much is enough?

2004 ◽  
Vol 155 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Bütler ◽  
Rodolphe Schlaepfer
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Bioenergetic Model ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Standing Dead ◽  
Standing Dead Trees

Dead wood is of paramount importance for forest biodiversity. For this reason it was adopted as an indicator for sustainable forest management by the Ministerial Conference on the protection of forests in Europe. This paper aims to answer the question of how much dead wood is necessary for the maintenance of biodiversity in sub-alpine spruce forest ecosystems. For this purpose we studied the habitat preferences of the three-toed woodpecker, a bird species that depends heavily on dead trees. Previous ecological studies had already demonstrated that this woodpecker is an indicator of spruce forests with a high degree of naturalness and biodiversity. Our field study in Swiss sub-Alpine spruce and Swedish boreal forests showed that, below a threshold level of about 20 m3 standing dead trees per ha, the probability of finding these woodpeckers drastically decreases. Similar results were obtained using a bioenergetic model, which calculated the energy requirements of this insectivorous woodpecker. Based on the results, our recommendation is to ensure a scattering of dead-wood rich areas in forest landscapes. Each area should cover about one square kilometre and have a mean of 5% of standing dead trees (≥ 18 m3 ha–1), and a total of approx. 9% of dead wood(≥ 33 m3 ha–1 standing and fallen).

Field assessment of photosynthetic characteristics in micropropagated and grafted wych elm (Ulmus glabra Huds.) trees

2010 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Ďurkovič ◽  
Ingrid Čaňová ◽  
Tibor Priwitzer ◽  
Mária Biroščíková ◽  
Pavol Kapraľ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
Ulmus Glabra ◽  
Wych Elm

scholarly journals Availability and Structure of Coarse Woody Debris in Hemiboreal Mature to Old-Growth Aspen Stands and Its Implications for Forest Carbon Pool

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 901
Author(s):  
Silva Šēnhofa ◽  
Guntars Šņepsts ◽  
Kārlis Bičkovskis ◽  
Ieva Jaunslaviete ◽  
Līga Liepa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Carbon Pool ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
European Aspen ◽  
Saproxylic Species ◽  
Mineral Soils

European aspen deadwood is extensively studied as a habitat for saproxylic species, while less is known of its dynamics and role in carbon sequestration. We studied unmanaged mature (41–60 years), moderately overmature (61–80 years), overmature (81–100 years), and old-growth (101–140 years) and managed mature and moderately overmature aspen stands on fertile mineral soils. In unmanaged stands, marginal mean CWD volume was from 67.3 ± 12.1 m3 ha−1 in moderately overmature to 92.4 ± 5.1 m3 ha−1 in old-growth stands, with corresponding marginal mean CWD carbon pool 8.2 ± 1.6 t ha−1 and 12.5 ± 0.7 t ha−1, respectively. Both CWD volume and its carbon pool had substantial yet non-significant differences (all p > 0.05) among the age groups. High CWD volume was present in most stands, by at least two-thirds of plots comprising more than 20 m3 ha−1, and about half of CWD was larger than 30 cm in diameter. Changes in CWD species composition toward a higher proportion of deciduous deadwood in old-growth stands, together with a high volume of recently dead trees, suggest early senescence of the dominant aspen cohort.

scholarly journals MAPPING SECONDARY FOREST SUCCESSION ON ABANDONED AGRICULTURAL LAND IN THE POLISH CARPATHIANS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B8 ◽  
pp. 931-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kolecka ◽  
J. Kozak ◽  
D. Kaim ◽  
M. Dobosz ◽  
Ch. Ginzler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Spatial Sampling ◽  
Land Abandonment ◽  
Ancillary Data ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Secondary Forest Succession ◽  
Polish Carpathians

Land abandonment and secondary forest succession have played a significant role in land cover changes and forest cover increase in mountain areas in Europe over the past several decades. Land abandonment can be easily observed in the field over small areas, but it is difficult to map over the large areas, e.g., with remote sensing, due to its subtle and spatially dispersed character. Our previous paper presented how the LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and topographic data were used to detect secondary forest succession on abandoned land in one commune located in the Polish Carpathians by means of object-based image analysis (OBIA) and GIS (Kolecka et al., 2015). This paper proposes how the method can be applied to efficiently map secondary forest succession over the entire Polish Carpathians, incorporating spatial sampling strategy supported by various ancillary data. Here we discuss the methods of spatial sampling, its limitations and results in the context of future secondary forest succession modelling.

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