scholarly journals CD63 and Dna Mismatch Repair Protein Expression in Prostate Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-185
Author(s):  
Kristofs Folkmanis ◽  
Jānis Eglītis ◽  
Māris Jakubovskis ◽  
Vilnis Lietuvietis ◽  
Inese Folkmane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Mismatch Repair ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Grade Groups ◽  
Cd63 Expression ◽  
Grade Iii ◽  
Benign Hyperplasia

Abstract Protein expression levels in immunohistochemistry and molecular biomarkers have been reported for their ability to predict recurrence, progression, development of metastases, and patient survival. The molecular features in low- and high-grade prostate cancer can differ and influence treatment decision and prognosis. The objective of the current study was to compare the expression of exosomal biomarkers CD63 and mismatch repair proteins (MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in tissue of patients with prostate cancer and benign hyperplasia. Altogether, 62 patients with prostate acinar adenocarcinoma and 20 patients with prostate benign hyperplasia were enrolled in this retrospective study. CD63, MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2 expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry. The obtained results showed that CD63 expression was significantly higher in patients with Grade III–V prostate cancer compared to Grade I–II, respectively; 2.23 (1–3) vs 0.92 (0–2) score, p = 0.001. In addition, a significant positive correlation between CD63 expression and grade groups was revealed (Rho = +0.54; p < 0.0001). Furthermore, progression-free survival was significantly higher in patients with low CD63 expression, compared to high CD63 expression (p = 0.0007). MMR expression was absent in 14 patients (four patients with Grade I–II cancer and 10 patients with Grade III–cancer). MMR was present in all cases of benign prostate hyperplasia (mild to moderate staining). The conclusion was that high grade prostate cancer (Grade groups III–V) was characterised by increased CD63 expression, which correlated with progression-free survival.

scholarly journals Abiraterone Acetate for Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Shane ◽  
Melissa Walter
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Abiraterone Acetate ◽  
Discontinue Treatment ◽  
Cancer Specific Survival ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Grade Iii

The use of abiraterone acetate for the treatment of metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer is clinically effective. Compared with standard of care, abiraterone acetate was associated with increased overall survival, increased prostate cancer–specific survival, increased progression-free survival, and improved quality of life. Patients treated with abiraterone acetate were at higher risk for grade III to grade V adverse events (severe, life-threatening, or fatal) and were more likely to discontinue treatment compared with standard of care. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for both brand and generic abiraterone acetate were estimated to be higher than common willingness-to-pay thresholds.

scholarly journals Prognostic Value of TNFR2 and STAT3 among High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Survivors According to Platinum Sensitivity

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 526
Author(s):  
Janisha Silva Raju ◽  
Nor Haslinda Abd. Aziz ◽  
Ghofraan Abdulsalam Atallah ◽  
Chew Kah Teik ◽  
Mohamad Nasir Shafiee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Serous Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Platinum Sensitive ◽  
Platinum Based Chemotherapy ◽  
Survival Interval

This study’s goal was to determine the protein expression level of tumour necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) tissues in relation to the platinum-based chemotherapy response and the prognosis outcome. A total of 25 HGSC patients underwent primary surgical debulking followed by first-line adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy. Tissue microarray (TMA) slides were constructed utilising archived formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE). The protein expression of TNFR2 and STAT3 were analysed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and subsequently were correlated to the clinicopathological characteristics, platinum sensitivity as well as the duration of progression-free survival. About 14 out of 25 patients (56.0%) were platinum-sensitive. The progression free survival was significantly longer in the platinum-sensitive (PS) group when compared to those with the platinum-resistant group (PR), p = 0.0001. Among patients with TNFR2 strong expression on ovarian tissue, there was a significantly longer progression-free survival interval of 540 days in the PS group compared to PR, p = 0.0001. Patients with STAT3 expression also showed significantly better progression-free survival of 660 days in the PS group when compared to the PR group, p = 0.0001. In conclusion, patients with strong TNFR2 and STAT3 expression in the ovarian tissue had significantly longer progression-free survival interval in the PS group. Nevertheless, further research with a larger number of tissues may be required to demonstrate further significant differences.

scholarly journals Current FDA-Approved Therapies for High-Grade Malignant Gliomas

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Jacob P. Fisher ◽  
David C. Adamson
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Malignant Gliomas ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Survival ◽  
One Year

The standard of care (SOC) for high-grade gliomas (HGG) is maximally safe surgical resection, followed by concurrent radiation therapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ) for 6 weeks, then adjuvant TMZ for 6 months. Before this SOC was established, glioblastoma (GBM) patients typically lived for less than one year after diagnosis, and no adjuvant chemotherapy had demonstrated significant survival benefits compared with radiation alone. In 2005, the Stupp et al. randomized controlled trial (RCT) on newly diagnosed GBM patients concluded that RT plus TMZ compared to RT alone significantly improved overall survival (OS) (14.6 vs. 12.1 months) and progression-free survival (PFS) at 6 months (PFS6) (53.9% vs. 36.4%). Outside of TMZ, there are four drugs and one device FDA-approved for the treatment of HGGs: lomustine, intravenous carmustine, carmustine wafer implants, bevacizumab (BVZ), and tumor treatment fields (TTFields). These treatments are now mainly used to treat recurrent HGGs and symptoms. TTFields is the only treatment that has been shown to improve OS (20.5 vs. 15.6 months) and PFS6 (56% vs. 37%) in comparison to the current SOC. TTFields is the newest addition to this list of FDA-approved treatments, but has not been universally accepted yet as part of SOC.

scholarly journals Treating the patient and not just the cancer: therapeutic burden in prostate cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Spratt ◽  
Neal Shore ◽  
Oliver Sartor ◽  
Dana Rathkopf ◽  
Kara Olivier
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Androgen Ablation ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Concomitant Medications

Abstract Background Prostate cancer (PC) is a leading cause of death in older men. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is considered the standard-of-care for men with locally advanced disease. However, continuous androgen ablation is associated with acute and long-term adverse effects and most patients will eventually develop castration-resistant PC (CRPC). The recent approval of three, second-generation androgen receptor inhibitors (ARIs), apalutamide, enzalutamide, and darolutamide, has transformed the treatment landscape of PC. Treatment with these second-generation ARIs have produced positive trends in metastasis-free survival, progression-free survival, and overall survival. For patients with non-metastatic CRPC, who are mainly asymptomatic from their disease, maintaining quality of life is a major objective when prescribing therapy. Polypharmacy for age-related comorbidities also is common in this population and may increase the potential for drug–drug interactions (DDIs). Method This review summarizes the multiple factors that may contribute to the therapeutic burden of patients with CRPC, including the interplay between age, comorbidities, concomitant medications, the use of ARIs, and financial distress. Conclusions As the treatment landscape in PC continues to rapidly evolve, consideration must be given to the balance between therapeutic benefits and potential treatment-emergent adverse events that may be further complicated by DDIs with concomitant medications. Patient-centered communication is a crucial aspect of alleviating this burden, and healthcare professionals (HCPs) may benefit from training in effective patient communication. HCPs should closely and frequently monitor patient treatment responses, in order to better understand symptom onset and exacerbation. Patients also should be encouraged to participate in exercise programs, and health information and support groups, which may assist them in preventing or mitigating certain determinants of the therapeutic burden associated with PC and its management.

scholarly journals Radiotherapy in nodal oligorecurrent prostate cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Pinkawa ◽  
Daniel M. Aebersold ◽  
Dirk Böhmer ◽  
Michael Flentje ◽  
Pirus Ghadjar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Nodal Metastasis ◽  
Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Systemic Treatments

Abstract Objective The current article encompasses a literature review and recommendations for radiotherapy in nodal oligorecurrent prostate cancer. Materials and methods A literature review focused on studies comparing metastasis-directed stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) vs. external elective nodal radiotherapy (ENRT) and studies analyzing recurrence patterns after local nodal treatment was performed. The DEGRO Prostate Cancer Expert Panel discussed the results and developed treatment recommendations. Results Metastasis-directed radiotherapy results in high local control (often > 90% within a follow-up of 1–2 years) and can be used to improve progression-free survival or defer androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) according to prospective randomized phase II data. Distant progression after involved-node SABR only occurs within a few months in the majority of patients. ENRT improves metastases-free survival rates with increased toxicity in comparison to SABR according to retrospective comparative studies. The majority of nodal recurrences after initial local treatment of pelvic nodal metastasis are detected within the true pelvis and common iliac vessels. Conclusion ENRT with or without a boost should be preferred to SABR in pelvic nodal recurrences. In oligometastatic prostate cancer with distant (extrapelvic) nodal recurrences, SABR alone can be performed in selected cases. Application of additional systemic treatments should be based on current guidelines, with ADT as first-line treatment for hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Only in carefully selected patients can radiotherapy be initially used without additional ADT outside of the current standard recommendations. Results of (randomized) prospective studies are needed for definitive recommendations.

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