Copper tailings reprocessing

Abstract in English Copper is widely used in the modern world. An excellent conductor of electricity, it is used in the electrical industry, in the construction industry because of its good corrosion resistance, and in the manufacture of heat exchangers in heating and cooling systems owing to its excellent thermal conductivity. Copper production has increased throughout the twentieth century, and this trend has continued over the last twenty years. The demand for copper is expected to increase significantly by the year 2030. Owing to the high prices of this metal and the lack of deposits, part of the demand can be met by extraction from copper-bearing tailings. In the past, owing to the lower level of technological development and lower copper prices, materials comparable in copper content to the copper ores mined today have ended up in tailings. Since these are already processed materials, the costs of mining, crushing and milling are largely eliminated, making them promising raw materials. The article presents the technological possibilities of reprocessing and also estimates the amount of copper that could be obtained worldwide in this way.

Download Full-text

Bio-based construction materials for a sustainable future

IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis ◽

10.2749/newyork.2019.0859 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Rijk Block ◽

Barbara Kuit ◽

Torsten Schröder ◽

Patrick Teuffel

Keyword(s):

Construction Industry ◽

Structural Engineering ◽

Building Materials ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Flax Fibres ◽

The Past ◽

Natural Building ◽

Paris Climate Agreement ◽

Primary Materials

<p>The structural engineering community has a strong responsibility to contribute to a more efficient use of natural resources. Nowadays the construction industry is by far the most resource intense industry sector, approximately 40-50% of all primary raw materials are used, which raises the question about the architects and engineer’s accountability. In this context and as a result of the Paris Climate agreement the Dutch government defined the program “Nederland Circulair in 2050”, which states the ambition to use 50% less primary materials in 2030 and to have a full circular economy in 2050.</p><p>One possible approach to achieve these ambitious goals is the application of renewable, bio-based materials in the built environment and to replace traditional, typically cement-based, materials. Already in the past natural building materials, such as timber and bamboo have been used widely, but in recent years new materials came up and provide new opportunities to be used in the construction industry. The authors explored various alternatives, such as hemp and flax fibres, mycelium and lignin-based fibres for composite materials, which will be described with various experimental and realised case studies.</p>

Download Full-text

Modern approaches to storage and effective processing of agricultural products for obtaining high-quality food products

Вестник Российской академии наук ◽

10.31857/s0869-5873895539-542 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 89 (5) ◽

pp. 539-542 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. G. Galstyan ◽

L. M. Aksyonova ◽

A. B. Lisitsyn ◽

L. A. Oganesyants ◽

A. N. Petrov

Keyword(s):

Russian Federation ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Technological Development ◽

Food Products ◽

Agricultural Products ◽

Modern World ◽

Efficient Production ◽

High Quality ◽

Quality Food ◽

The Russian Federation

In the modern world, the problem of providing the population with high-quality food products is reaching a critical point due to the increase in the population of the planet, mediated by an influence on the growth of food consumption; globalization processes, thereby contributing to fundamental changes in the structure and patterns of nutrition i.e., insufficiently effective principles of agricultural raw materials processing, etc. Today, food independence is a strategic component of a country's security, which is enshrined in a number of regulatory documents, including: the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation; the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation; the Strategy for Improving the Quality of Food Products in the Russian Federation until 2030; and, others. The stated goals are: updating the priority tasks of group and individual products identification, including on biological and geographical features; unification of evaluation criteria and objective principles for expanding their field; traditional technologies transformation, the potential of which doesn't have the possibility of unlimited replication, etc. It is predicted that the growth of production volumes, processes and consumption systems optimization will be based on the application of a number of basic principles: “lifetime” formation of raw materials composition and properties; development of highly efficient production technologies and deep processing of agricultural products; implementation of algorithms for structuring logistics, storage and processing/disposal of food and waste; increasing energy efficiency of production processes, etc. At the same time, the strategic vectors of technology development are specialized and personalized nutrition, cross-border cooperation, food quality and safety, minimization of negative environmental impact, traceability of the food chain “from field to consumer,” etc. A priori, to achieve all this it will require the introduction of widespread modern technologies, including digital ones, as well as the modernization of traditional and the creation of new methodological and process decisions.

Download Full-text

It Works—Long-Term Performance Measurement and Optimization of Six Ground Source Heat Pump Systems in Germany

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12244691 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (24) ◽

pp. 4691 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Franziska Bockelmann ◽

M. Norbert Fisch

Keyword(s):

Heat Pump ◽

Heat Exchangers ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Ground Source Heat Pump ◽

Cooling Systems ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

Ground Source ◽

And Performance ◽

Term Performance

Long-term studies of ground source heat pump (GSHP) heating and cooling systems for six different buildings (commercial, institutional and multi-family buildings) were conducted in Germany by Steinbeis-Innovationszentrum (SIZ) energy+. Three of them are equipped with borehole heat exchangers, and the others use energy piles as heat exchangers. This paper deals with a demonstration of the investigated buildings, the measured values and performance, and the obtained results include important findings and experiences, problems encountered and possible preventive measures to avoid mistakes. After ten years of operation, it can be stated that the systems work and achieve their planned efficiency but require constant control and regulation to avoid faulty operation. An analysis of the implemented control strategies shows that, for all these heating and cooling systems, holistically coordinated control strategies that are verified during commissioning are required.

Download Full-text

Dynamic Modelling and Control of Counter-Flow Heat Exchangers for Heating and Cooling Systems

2019 54th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC) ◽

10.1109/upec.2019.8893634 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hector Bastida ◽

Carlos E. Ugalde-Loo ◽

Muditha Abeysekera ◽

Xiandong Xu ◽

Meysam Qadrdan

Keyword(s):

Heat Exchangers ◽

Dynamic Modelling ◽

Counter Flow ◽

Cooling Systems ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

Flow Heat ◽

And Control

Download Full-text

A Review of Underground Soil and Night Sky as Passive Heat Sink: Design Configurations and Models

Energies ◽

10.3390/en11112941 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2941 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rachana Vidhi

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Heat Sink ◽

Heat Exchangers ◽

Energy Use ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Radiative Cooling ◽

Cooling Systems ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

Night Sky

Energy consumption for heating and cooling constitute the majority of the energy use for building loads. Using passive cooling systems to reduce the energy consumption or to make the process more efficient can be very beneficial. Ground coupled heat exchangers and night sky radiative cooling systems have been used for centuries to achieve cooling and ice making. Ground coupled heat exchangers use the temperature difference between underground soil and ambient air or water for heat transfer between the soil and the fluid passing through buried pipes. Night sky radiative cooling takes advantage of the night sky as the coldest heat sink available for heat transfer with any surface. Use of these simple designs with the modern cooling/heating systems has the potential for a major impact on the heating and cooling needs. This review paper describes the various designs, configurations and applications of these systems as well as determining the parameters that impact their performance.

Download Full-text

A GROUND OF BOOTY OF COPPER IS FROM EFFLUENTS

Metallurgicheskaya i gornorudnaya promyshlennost ◽

10.33101/s005-4968296 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 94-98

Author(s):

A.A. Nester

Keyword(s):

Soil Contamination ◽

Printed Circuit Boards ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Copper Production ◽

Circuit Boards ◽

Mathematical Methods ◽

Etching Solution ◽

Printed Circuit ◽

The Given ◽

Copper Ores

Purpose. The modern state with the booty of copper ores andproduction of copper are considered in Ukraine.The task of the article is to carry out a forecast of soil contamination with slurries of printed circuit boards and electroplating. This allows to improve the ecological safety of territories of enterprises producing boards and electroplating. The methodology. The article uses mathematical methods of calculation according to the theory of porous media physicochemical hydrodynamics. This process is described by the equation of movement and conservation of mass of matter in vertical shifts. Findings. The main result of the given work is to improve the method for determining consequences of soil contamination by sludge from PCB and electroplating producing shops. The originality. To avoid the accumulation of sludge in the territory of enterprises we propose to use the technology of spent etching solution regeneration where the selected metal is used as secondary raw materials for copper production and recovered solution is reused for etching printed circuit boards. This way almost no sludge is generated, or their quantity is negligible. Practical implications. The article helps to understand the harmfulness of sludge storage in the enterprise and shows the working method to develop recycling technologies and reuse etching solution during etching PCB.

Download Full-text

Secular stagnation in the modern world

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2018-11-125-141 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 125-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. M. Drobyshevsky ◽

P. V. Trunin ◽

A. V. Bozhechkova

Keyword(s):

Public Debt ◽

Capital Accumulation ◽

Technological Development ◽

Japanese Economy ◽

Modern World ◽

Key Factors ◽

Destruction Process ◽

Secular Stagnation ◽

The Impact

The paper studies the factors of secular stagnation. Key factors of long-term slowdown in economic growth include the slowdown of technological development, aging population, human capital accumulation limits, high public debt, creative destruction process violation etc. The authors analyze key theoretical aspects of long-term stagnation and study the impact of these factors on Japanies economy. The authors conclude that most of the factors have significant influence on the Japanese economy for recent decades, but they cannot explain all dynamics. For Russia, on the contrary, we do not see any grounds for considering the decline in the economy since 2013 as an episode of secular stagnation.

Download Full-text

The concept of the flat earth in the holy scripture

Humanitarian studios: pedagogics, psychology, philosophy ◽

10.31548/hspedagog2020.01.077 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (100) ◽

pp. 77-82

Author(s):

V.P. Kultenko ◽

◽

K.M. Mamchur ◽

Keyword(s):

Old Testament ◽

Space Exploration ◽

Practical Experience ◽

Modern World ◽

Cultural Experience ◽

Religious Texts ◽

Sacred Texts ◽

The Past

The article deals with the concept of flat Earth. There has a adherents and defenders in the modern world, despite the solid age of heliocentric teaching. Flat Earth apologists point out, that the evidence in favor of the scientific heliocentric theory is held on confidence. People should trust the testimony of astronauts, space exploration data, and more. However, the vast majority of people cannot verify this data from their own practical experience. If science is a criterion for truth, then the heliocentric concepts and flat Earth are far removed from this criterion. Moreover, in the cultural experience of the past we can find arguments in favor of the concept of a flat Earth. These testimonies are contained, in particular, in the Old Testament Bible, the sacred texts of Christianity and Judaism. The mythological and religious texts of other nations and cultures also refer to the idea of a flat Earth.

Download Full-text