scholarly journals Solar Electricity Over Three Continents

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-284
Author(s):  
Kamel Haine ◽  
Dagnija Blumberga
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Solar Electricity ◽  
The Impact

AbstractModern urban planning in the world is nowadays facing severe problems due to the fast increase of the population and migration from villages to cities, which led countries to implementation of strategy of fast, modern urban planning to meet the needs of the population. Since the 1980s, in a context marked by increasing development in energy costs and by rising attention to the problem of global warming, countries have gradually mobilized to control their energy better and reduce the environmental footprint. However, even if there are some great successes, the deployment of renewable energies is still not well developed in developing countries such as Algeria that mainly uses fossil fuels. Considering the huge potential and good climatic conditions, developing countries should take on renewable energies for their future development. This paper aims to understand the impact of modern urban strategy on the application of solar urban planning. This study will clarify the critical role of solar electricity integration used in determining the urban solar potential in four studied regions located on three different continents: Africa, Europe and North America, in the cities of Ibenbadis (Constantine, Algeria), Saint-Hugues (Quebec, Canada), Saint-Malo (France) and Ambolobozobe (Madagascar). The results obtained will allow a comparison of the calculated solar energy potential of three urban sites, the benefits of reducing carbon dioxide as well as a comparison of solar energy costs on three continents.

Smart Homes and Sustainable Energy in Nigeria

2016 ◽  
pp. 66-89
Author(s):  
Oluwasola Oni
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Smart Homes ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Limited Access ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Impact

In many developing countries, there is limited access to electricity with the populace typically resorting to purchasing personal electricity generating units. This research explores the factors affecting the possibility of introducing smart homes that would conserve electricity, reduce a need for reliance on the national grid and lower energy costs. Advantages and disadvantages, as well as the impact on society and development in general are examined in addition to future perspectives on smart homes and sustainable energy.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE ENERGY POTENTIAL OF SOLAR LIGHT OF THE WESTERN REGION OF UKRAINE WITH THE ACCOUNT OF CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Andreychuk ◽  
Yaroslav Filyuk
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
The Western Region

An experimental facility for measuring and recording the flux density of solar radiation is designed and installed. An electrical circuit is developed and a pyranometer model is developed to measure the level of solar radiation, and it is graduated with a Soler Power Meter DT-1307 solar radiation flux meter. The time distribution of the flux density of solar energy is analyzed and the surface energy density of solar radiation is calculated for Ternopil. The influence of climatic conditions on the energy of solar radiation is determined. Analytical dependencies are obtained on the basis of comparison of the measured values of the flux density of solar radiation and the cloud cover taken from meteorological services. The energy potential of solar radiation during 2012-2015 in the western region of Ukraine is calculated, as well as the average monthly and average annual energy density of solar radiation. It is determined that the annual average density of the solar energy flux is 1045.9 kW∙h/m2, and its deviation does not exceed 5%. It is shown that the most favorable months for the use of solar energy are from March to September of each year.

scholarly journals Prices of conventional and renewable energy as determinants of sustainable and secure energy development: regression model analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandi Knez ◽  
Goran Šimić ◽  
Anica Milovanović ◽  
Sofia Starikova ◽  
Franc Željko Županič
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Energy Product ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The prices of energy resources are important determinants of sustainable energy development, yet associated with significant unknowns. The estimates of the impact of prices of energy products in the domestic market (for domestic consumers) are rare—hence the importance and novelty of this research. Therefore, the main goal of the paper is to assess the impact of domestic prices of gasoline, gas, coal, and solar energy on sustainable and secure energy future. Methods The research includes 14 countries (of which 7 are developed and 7 are developing countries) and a period of 5 years (2014–2018). The model also includes discrete variables: level of development (developing or developed), and the fact as to whether the country is an energy exporter or not. For the purposes of analysis, the following elements were used: Panel Data Analysis, Linear regression (with random and fixed effects), Durbin–Wu–Hausman test, and Honda test, with the use of R-studio software for statistical computing. Results The research showed that the biggest negative impact on energy sustainability was recorded by an increase in the price of coal and the smallest one by an increase in the price of solar energy. An increase in the price of gasoline has a positive impact, while an increase in the price of gas has no impact. The basic methodological result showed that the fixed effects linear model is more accurate than the random effect model. Conclusions The results of the paper, important as a sustainable energy policy recommendation, showed that the impact of changes in energy product prices is significantly greater in developing countries, but that the status of the country as an energy exporter has no significance. In addition, the paper points to the need to intensify the research on the assessment of the impact of energy product prices for domestic consumers on their ability to pay that price, because with a certain (so far undefined) increase in energy product prices, a certain group of domestic consumers moves into a category that is not in line with sustainable energy development and is extremely undesirable in every respect—energy poverty.

scholarly journals Analysis of the requrements for installing photovoltaic systems in order to achieve improved performances: Case study of the City of Nis

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Marija Stamenkovic ◽  
Snezana Antolovic ◽  
Dragan Kostic ◽  
Mihailo Mitkovic
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Solar Plant ◽  
Sustainable Electricity ◽  
The City

The use of renewable energies is imperative nowadays. One of the ways to use clean technologies is installation of photovoltaic systems which convert solar energy into electricity, through solar plants. The country?s potential for usage of solar energy is determined by the analysis of climatic conditions. The research is conducted on the example of a small-scale solar plant - a pilot project installed in the city of Nis, concerning the analysis of the mounted system and giving the recommendations for their design with the aim of improving efficient energy use. Limitations in the installation of solar plants can occur in the case of an unfavorable position of the building where the installation is planned, and more often, the limitations are related to the investment costs and length of the repayment period of these kinds of technologies. This paper represents a promotion of sustainable electricity supply for our country and it is in correlation with the legal directives of using renewable energies.

The effects of socio-environmental constraints on Norway’s renewable energy potential

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Zeyringer ◽  
James Price ◽  
Eline Mannino
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
System Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Electricity System ◽  
The Impact

<p>The decarbonisation of power production is key to achieving the Paris Agreement goal. Wind and solar energy have matured and decreased in cost rapidly into cost-effective decarbonisation solutions. However, the location of renewables effects the impact on the environment and the communities they are sited. Thus, socio-environmental constraints can strongly limit the overall capacity potential affecting the technology choices, resulting costs and political feasibilities of reaching the national emission reduction targets. Nevertheless, socio-environmental acceptance is usually not considered when studying the transition to a net-zero energy system.</p><p>Norway has one of the best wind energy potentials in Europe and a large scale deployment in combination with increased interconnection could have effects on the rest of the European power system. However, recent projects have been facing large opposition. This may be surprising as Norway has very low population density but the right to unspoilt nature is strongly anchored in the Norwegian culture and Sami reindeer herding could be disturbed by wind projects.  In 2019 the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE) proposed a national framework for wind energy which defined the most suitable areas for wind energy development. After massive protests the framework was recently withdrawn by the government. Offshore wind energy is often seen as a potential solution as socio-environmental opposition is expected to be lower but it is more expensive. However, it is as socio-political decision to choose a more expensive technology, site or mitigation option. A spatially-dependent capacity assessment under different socio-environmental scenarios and their effect on energy system design is missing to allow for such discussion.</p><p>Here, we close this gap by analysing the NVE framework, previous concessions and related opinions, literature, newspaper articles and perform interviews with key stakeholders to design three scenarios of socio-environmental acceptability for onshore/offshore wind and solar energy. Based on the here developed scenarios we then conduct a GIS analysis to determine the spatially dependent capacity potential per technology and scenario. Finally, we implement these geospatial capacity scenarios into a high spatial and temporal resolution electricity system model for Europe (“highRES Europe”) to analyse the effects on the Norwegian and European electricity system design in 2050.  </p>

scholarly journals Earth-Observation-Based Estimation and Forecasting of Particulate Matter Impact on Solar Energy in Egypt

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Kosmopoulos ◽  
Stelios Kazadzis ◽  
Hesham El-Askary ◽  
Michael Taylor ◽  
Antonis Gkikas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Radiative Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Surface Solar Radiation ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
The Impact

This study estimates the impact of dust aerosols on surface solar radiation and solar energy in Egypt based on Earth Observation (EO) related techniques. For this purpose, we exploited the synergy of monthly mean and daily post processed satellite remote sensing observations from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), radiative transfer model (RTM) simulations utilizing machine learning, in conjunction with 1-day forecasts from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS). As cloudy conditions in this region are rare, aerosols in particular dust, are the most common sources of solar irradiance attenuation, causing performance issues in the photovoltaic (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP) plant installations. The proposed EO-based methodology is based on the solar energy nowcasting system (SENSE) that quantifies the impact of aerosol and dust on solar energy potential by using the aerosol optical depth (AOD) in terms of climatological values and day-to-day monitoring and forecasting variability from MODIS and CAMS, respectively. The forecast accuracy was evaluated at various locations in Egypt with substantial PV and CSP capacity installed and found to be within 5–12% of that obtained from the satellite observations, highlighting the ability to use such modelling approaches for solar energy management and planning (M&P). Particulate matter resulted in attenuation by up to 64–107 kWh/m2 for global horizontal irradiance (GHI) and 192–329 kWh/m2 for direct normal irradiance (DNI) annually. This energy reduction is climatologically distributed between 0.7% and 12.9% in GHI and 2.9% to 41% in DNI with the maximum values observed in spring following the frequent dust activity of Khamaseen. Under extreme dust conditions the AOD is able to exceed 3.5 resulting in daily energy losses of more than 4 kWh/m2 for a 10 MW system. Such reductions are able to cause financial losses that exceed the daily revenue values. This work aims to show EO capabilities and techniques to be incorporated and utilized in solar energy studies and applications in sun-privileged locations with permanent aerosol sources such as Egypt.

scholarly journals Barriers to expand solar photovoltaic energy in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2733-2754
Author(s):  
Jamerson Viegas Queiroz ◽  
Kilvia Kalidja Borges ◽  
Fernanda Cristina Barbosa Pereira Queiroz ◽  
Nilton Cesar Lima ◽  
Christian Luiz Da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Organizational Environments ◽  
Knowledge Barriers ◽  
Photovoltaic Solar Energy ◽  
The Impact

Renewable energy has promoted increasingly diffused propulsions in political, social and organizational environments because of their relevance to future climatic conditions and restrictions on natural resources that threaten environmental impacts. Brazil has enormous potential to exploit renewable energy, especially photovoltaic solar energy, since it has a daily solar incidence of between 4,500 Wh/m2 and 6,300 Wh/m2. However, the development of this energy in Brazil faces barriers that end up hindering its implementation and expansion. The objective of the research is to identify and measure the impact of these barriers to the expansion of photovoltaic solar energy in Brazil, through the modeling of structural equations. For the development of the article, interviews with managers of the solar energy sector were carried out all over the country. As for the methodology, it’s an exploratory research, cross-sectional and with a qualitative-quantitative approach. Moreover, concluded that: political and knowledge barriers negatively influence the implementation and expansion of photovoltaic solar energy in Brazil.

scholarly journals Impact of Aerosol and Cloud on the Solar Energy Potential over the Central Gangetic Himalayan Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3248
Author(s):  
Umesh Chandra Dumka ◽  
Panagiotis G. Kosmopoulos ◽  
Shantikumar S. Ningombam ◽  
Akriti Masoom
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Radiative Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Surface Solar Radiation ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
The Impact

We examine the impact of atmospheric aerosols and clouds on the surface solar radiation and solar energy at Nainital, a high-altitude remote location in the central Gangetic Himalayan region (CGHR). For this purpose, we exploited the synergy of remote-sensed data in terms of ground-based AERONET Sun Photometer and satellite observations from the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG), with radiative transfer model (RTM) simulations and 1 day forecasts from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS). Clouds and aerosols are one of the most common sources of solar irradiance attenuation and hence causing performance issues in the photovoltaic (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP) plant installations. The outputs of RTM results presented with high accuracy under clear, cloudy sky and dust conditions for global horizontal (GHI) and beam horizontal irradiance (BHI). On an annual basis the total aerosol attenuation was found to be up to 105 kWh m−2 for the GHI and 266 kWh m−2 for BHI, respectively, while the cloud effect is much stronger with an attenuation of 245 and 271 kWh m−2 on GHI and BHI. The results of this study will support the Indian solar energy producers and electricity handling entities in order to quantify the energy and financial losses due to cloud and aerosol presence.

scholarly journals Experimental studies on the hybrid system of heat and cold production from solar energy

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (6 Part B) ◽  
pp. 2827-2835
Author(s):  
Stanislaw Gil ◽  
Boguslaw Gradon ◽  
Wojciech Bialik
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
The Impact

In recent years more and more energy is consumed in the European Union countries for summer air conditioning in buildings. This consumption will probably increase even more due to the predicted climate warming and the desire to improve the quality of life. At present final energy as heat and electricity is sourced mainly from fossil fuels. However, recently alternative renewable energy sources are increasingly taken into account as a result of efforts toward environmental protection and fuels savings. This paper presents results of the analysis of a hybrid solar-assisted heating and cooling system for buildings in the temperate climate of west and central Europe. Solar energy potential was estimated. The investigation was performed using a large scale laboratory installation, which contains an evacuated solar collector, a single-stage NH3-H2O absorption chiller and a hot water tank. The impact of the main system parameters on its performance was analyzed on the basis of energy balances.

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