Cyanide degradation by immobilized cells of Rhodococcus UKMP-5M

Biologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maegala Nallapan Maniyam ◽  
Fridelina Sjahrir ◽  
Abdul Ibrahim ◽  
Anthony Cass
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Alginate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Immobilized Cell ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Economic Point

AbstractAnthropogenic sources contribute to the bulk presence of cyanide, which causes substantial health and environmental concerns. A petroleum-contaminated soil isolate, Rhodococcus UKMP-5M has been verified to efficiently degrade high concentration of cyanide in the form of KCN in our previous study. In order to enhance the cyanide-degrading ability of this bacterium, different encapsulation matrices were screened to immobilize cells of Rhodococcus UKMP-5M for degradation of cyanide. It was revealed that the biocatalyst activity and bead mechanical strength improved significantly when calcium alginate encapsulation technique was employed as compared to free cells. The results also indicated that the immobilized cell system could tolerate a higher level of KCN concentration and were able to support a higher biomass density. In addition, the embedded cells retained almost 96% of their initial cyanide removal efficiency during the first five batches and the entrapped cell system maintained 64% of its initial activity after eight successive batches. The encapsulated beads could be easily recovered from the production medium and reused for up to five batches without significant losses of cyanide-degrading ability, which proved to be advantageous from an economic point of view. From this study, it could be inferred that the novel Rhodococcus UKMP-5M strain demonstrated high cyanide-degrading ability and the optimized calcium alginate immobilization technique provided a promising alternative for practical application of large scale remediation of cyanide-bearing wastewaters.

scholarly journals Family farm - one of the directions of goat breeding in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
V. O. Popova ◽  
◽  
V. H. Prudnikov ◽  
O. Kolisnyk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Small Family ◽  
Green Tourism ◽  
Tourism Services

People in Ukraine are paying more and more attention to goat breeding products, and the demand for the products encourages the population to actively engage in the industry. Currently, about 95 % of the goat herd in Ukraine is concentrated in private peasant farms. Today, none of the livestock industries in Ukraine has such a high concentration of animals among the population. So, within the framework of analytical studies, the main types of family farms have been identified in terms of their size and structure. It was determined that they are divided mostly into three main types: small household plots with up to 10 animals, small family farms with up to 100 animals and farms with more than 100 milking goats. An analysis of the farming aspects of these types of farms and the perspectives for further development revealed some general results and general trends. Goat keeping in small household plots with up to 10 goats is not subject to a deep economic and technological analysis, the management is done with an amateur approach, and the technologies are based on personal family experience and vary considerably between them. The goats are only raised for the production of their own family. Goat keeping on small family farms with up to 100 goats is oriented towards the global experience of running a small family business. These farms produce and sell milk, process it into craft products (cheese, yoghurt, etc.) and provide green tourism services. Farms, which contain more than 100 heads of goats can be classified as agricultural enterprises, where industrial technologies for conducting the industry are applied. The products are sold by wholesale or through retail outlets. In general, an analysis of approaches to farming on different family farms has revealed that small family farms with up to 100 animals are the most promising from a socio-economic point of view. They are more progressive than extensive small household plots and are more flexible in many managing aspects than large-scale farms. Family farms are able to respond to market demand in a timely and sufficiently fast manner, adapt to it and make a profit.

Characterization of immobilized cells in biodegradation of ABS resin manufacturing waste-water

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Wen-Chin ◽  
Cheng Sheng-Shung
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Immobilized Cell ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Abs Resin ◽  
Dispersed Cells

Because of the presence of refractory and biologically inhibitory organic compounds in ABS resin wastewater, which would retard the bioactivity of the autotrophic nitrifier and make the efficiency of nitrification process unstable, the application of cell immobilization for ABS wastewater treatment has been investigated by immobilizing the enrichment culture of nitrifying bacteria with alginate. The characterization of the immobilized cells in various alignate concentrations was conducted by a series of biodegradability studies with electrolytic respirometry and compared with the differences from the dispersed cells. Results clearly indicated that immobilized cells achieved higher efficiency of COD and TKN removal than that of the dispersed cells during the period of high initial concentration of wastewater. Meanwhile, high concentration of cells were growing near the gel surface and reduced the effects of diffusional restriction. No remarkable difference was found while the concentration of alginate ranged from 3% to 5%. According to mass balance of total nitrogen, more than 25% of total nitrogen was removed in the batch system of the immobilized cell. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification could occur due to the oxygen gradient throughout the gel matrix. Compared with the complete mixing system of the dispersed cell, the approach for the immobilized-cell system provided a more effective method for treating the special wastewater with high strength of nitrogenous and inhibitory compounds.

scholarly journals WORLD EXPERIENCE: COMMERCIAL BANK CREDIT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH RELATIONSHIP

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-19
Author(s):  
Davit Aslanishvili
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Bank Credit ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Market Factors ◽  
Credit Portfolio ◽  
The Impact

This research focuses on the problem of large scale disproportion of success in the development of the banking sector and mostly unsuccessful development of the real sector of the economy. It should be noted that this disproportion is a subject of consideration in contemporary economic literature and our research is an attempt to broaden the issue and share ideas inside the international scientific circles. The main problem in the research is the impact of the banking sector's credit portfolio and the functioning of credit markets on the economic growth of the country. In this regard, it is very important to identify, study the macroeconomic stabilization and accelerated economic growth of the country and analyse the impact mechanisms of the credit market factors on economic growth. The conclusion that combines many of the research and opinions given in the survey can be as follows: From the economic point of view, the main function of banks is to increase the financing/lending of funds as the core point to increase investments in the economy. Thus, the development of the country in economic terms depends on the increase of investments. At present, it is in the hands of the banking sector whether to lead us to economic immobility or to accelerate the country's economic development through efficient allocation of resources.

scholarly journals Natural and Anthropogenic Sources of Groundwater Salinization in Parts of Karachi, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Sanober Rafi ◽  
Owais Niaz ◽  
Sadaf Naseem ◽  
Umair Majeed ◽  
Humaira Naz
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Major Cations ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Local Geology

This study is aimed to evaluate the groundwater quality of Gulshan-e-Iqbal and Liaquatabad towns inKarachi. Thirty (n=30) groundwater samples were randomly collected from different locations by electrically pumpedwells at various depths (14-91m). All the water samples were analyzed to determine their suitability for drinkingpurpose based on various physicochemical parameters. Data reveal that high concentration of TDS and hardness havedeteriorated the groundwater quality of study area. The main phenomenon responsible for groundwater pollution is theseawater intrusion due to the proximity of study area to the Arabian sea. Large scale unplanned urbanization, poorwaste management and other anthropogenic activities have also triggered the deterioration of groundwater quality.Study showed that local geology plays vital role in the distribution of major cations and anions. Data suggested thatground water of this study area is highly contaminated by seawater intrusion and considered not fit for drinkingpurpose.

scholarly journals Microbial Desulfurization of Gasoline in a Mycobacterium goodii X7B Immobilized-Cell System

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 276-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuli Li ◽  
Ping Xu ◽  
Jinhui Feng ◽  
Ling Meng ◽  
Yuan Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Organic Sulfur ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Immobilized Cell ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Mycobacterium Goodii

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium goodii X7B, which had been primarily isolated as a bacterial strain capable of desulfurizing dibenzothiophene to produce 2-hydroxybiphenyl via the 4S pathway, was also found to desulfurize benzothiophene. The desulfurization product was identified as o-hydroxystyrene by gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry analysis. This strain appeared to have the ability to remove organic sulfur from a broad range of sulfur species in gasoline. When Dushanzi straight-run gasoline (DSRG227) containing various organic sulfur compounds was treated with immobilized cells of strain X7B for 24 h, the total sulfur content significantly decreased, from 227 to 71 ppm at 40�C. GC flame ionization detection and GC atomic emission detection analysis were used to qualitatively evaluate the effects of M. goodii X7B treatment on the contents of gasoline. In addition, when immobilized cells were incubated at 40�C with DSRG275, the sulfur content decreased from 275 to 54 ppm in two consecutive reactions. With this excellent efficiency, strain X7B is considered a good potential candidate for industrial applications for the biodesulfurization of gasoline.

scholarly journals Propachlor Removal by Pseudomonas Strain GCH1 in an Immobilized-Cell System

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 1190-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Martín ◽  
G. Mengs ◽  
E. Plaza ◽  
C. Garbi ◽  
M. Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Generation Time ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Growth Substrate ◽  
Immobilized Cell ◽  
Washed Cell ◽  
Isolation Techniques ◽  
Ceramic Support ◽  
Bioreactor Operation

ABSTRACT A bacterial strain capable of growing on propachlor (2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide) was isolated from soil by using enrichment and isolation techniques. The strain isolated, designated GCH1, was classified as a member of the genusPseudomonas. Washed-cell suspensions of strain GCH1 accumulated N-isopropylacetanilide, acetanilide, acetamide, and catechol. Pseudomonas strain GCH1 grew on propachlor with a generation time of 4.2 h and a rate of substrate utilization of 1.75 ± 0.15 μmol h−1. Gene expression did not require induction but was subject to catabolite expression. Acetanilide was a growth substrate with a yield of 0.56 ± 0.02 mg of protein μmol−1. GCH1 strain cells were immobilized by adsorption onto a ceramic support and were used as biocatalysts in an immobilized cell system. Propachlor elimination reached 98%, with a retention time of 3 h and an initial organic load of 0.5 mM propachlor. The viability of immobilized cells increased 34-fold after 120 days of bioreactor operation.

scholarly journals Effecienty of Immobilization technique of Bacillus Sublilis Asperginase producer

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Sanaa Burhan ◽  
Sahar Q. Alzobaidy
Keyword(s):  
Solid Surface ◽  
Calcium Alginate ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Mineral Salt Medium ◽  
Free Cell ◽  
Salt Medium ◽  
Immobilized Cell ◽  
Free Cells ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
B1 Cells

wenty Bacillus isolated were obtained from different sample food and water. Bacillus B1 isolated was the highest asparaginase producer, it was identified as a strain of B. subtilis.The highest production of asparaginase was observed when mineral salt medium containing 0.3% asparagen, pH 8 and incubated at 400c for 24 hrs. B. subtilis B1 cells were immobilized by entrapment methods (calcium alginate and agar), and by adsorption on solid surface such as sawdust and cotton. The result showed that the immobilized cells by adsorption on sawdust was the best, the immobilized cell retained 88% of asparginase activity after 48h while free cell retained 65%. Cells immobilized by adsorption on sawdust was incubated at different temperatures (37-60)0c for 12 min. and at different pH (4-10) for 120 min. the result showed that the immobilized cell had 78% remaining activity at 37c while the free cells were 58%, and retaining activity was 70% at pH=7 while free cells were 52%.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of Power-to-Heat Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Alberto Vannoni ◽  
Alessandro Sorce ◽  
Alberto Traverso ◽  
Aristide Fausto Massardo
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Thermal Source ◽  
Economic Point

The heating and cooling sector, responsible for a large fraction of greenhouse emissions, may have a large scale impact on the energy system evolution contributing to smart industrial and domestic electrification; at the same time the recent increase of renewable energy sources installation, posing a threat in terms of grid stability, makes available a considerable amount of clean and cheap electrical energy during peak hours production. Power to heat technologies constitute a promising solution to face both these issues reducing the electric demand variability and decarbonizing the heat production. Large vapor compression heat pumps are a reliable technology able to compete, under the economic point of view, with the heat-only-boilers in order to serve district heating networks. Performance and economic profitability of a compression cycle is strongly dependent on available thermal source and the temperature of water delivered to the network. The present work explores and compares performance and economic indicators under different installation conditions, considering compression heat pumps employing four different fluids: a traditional HCF (R134a) and three natural fluids, ammonia (R717), butane (R600), and propane (R290), often preferred nowadays to HCFs due to the lower global warming potential.

scholarly journals Biosorption of organic micropollutants onto lignocellulosic-based material

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Caique Alves ◽  
João André Ximenes Mota ◽  
Adilson Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Thermodynamic Models ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Economic Point

Abstract The occurrence of organic micropollutants such as pharmaceutical drugs and hormones in the environment reflects the inefficiency of traditional wastewater treatment technologies. Biosorption is a promising alternative from a technical-economic point of view, so understanding the mechanisms of adsorption in new biosorbents is vital for application and process optimization. Within this context, this study aims to evaluate the mechanisms of adsorption and removal of synthetic and natural hormones by Pinus elliottii bark biosorbent (PS) compared to commercial granular activated carbon (GAC) through kinetic models, isotherm models, and thermodynamic models. The adsorbents were also characterized by morphology, chemical composition, functional groups, and point of zero charge. Characterization of the adsorbents highlights the heterogeneous and fibrous morphology and broader range of functional groups found for PS. Kinetic adjustments showed high accuracy for pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion models, presenting multilinearity and evidencing multi-stage adsorption. The isotherms for PS followed high-affinity models, predominantly chemisorption, while those for GAC followed the Langmuir model, where physisorption predominates. These mechanisms were confirmed by thermodynamic models, which also indicated a higher dependence on temperature in the adsorption process. In the fortified water removal test, PS showed removal values higher than GAC, highlighting the advantages of this adsorbent.

Atrazine remediation in agricultural infiltrate by bioaugmented polyvinyl alcohol immobilized and free Agrobacterium radiobacter J14a

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 2155-2163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumana Siripattanakul ◽  
Wanpen Wirojanagud ◽  
John M. McEvoy ◽  
Francis X. M. Casey ◽  
Eakalak Khan
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Immobilized Cell ◽  
Agrobacterium Radiobacter ◽  
Cell Loading ◽  
Sand Column ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Free Cells

Bench-scale sand column breakthrough experiments were conducted to examine atrazine remediation in agricultural infiltrate by Agrobacterium radiobacter J14a (J14a) immobilized in phosphorylated-polyvinyl alcohol compared to free J14a cells. The effects of cell loading and infiltration rate on atrazine degradation and the loss of J14a were investigated. Four sets of experiments, i) tracers, ii) immobilized dead cells, iii) immobilized cells, and iv) free cells, were performed. The atrazine bioremediation at the cell loadings of 300, 600, and 900 mg dry cells l−1 and the infiltration rates of 1, 3, and 6 cm d−1 were tested for 5 column pore volumes (PV). The atrazine breakthrough results indicated that the immobilized dead cells significantly retarded atrazine transport. The atrazine removal efficiencies at the infiltration rates of 1, 3, and 6 cm d−1 were 100%, 80–97%, and 50–70% respectively. Atrazine remediation capacity for the immobilized cells was not significantly different from the free cells. Both infiltration rate and cell loading significantly affected atrazine removal for both cell systems. The bacterial loss from the immobilized cell system was 10 to 100 times less than that from the free cell system. For long-term tests at 50 PV, the immobilized cell system provided consistent atrazine removal efficiency while the atrazine removal by the free cells declined gradually because of the cell loss.

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