Cholinesterase activity in quail primary lymphoid organs

Biologia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
František Dorko ◽  
Jaroslav Horáček ◽  
Ján Tokarčík ◽  
Michal Miko
Keyword(s):  
Germinal Center ◽  
Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Lymphoid Follicles ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Thymic Medulla

AbstractThe present histochemical study was carried out to analyze the distribution and topography of acetylcholinepositive nerve fibers in the thymus and bursa of Fabricius of quails. The AChE-positive nerve fibers were demonstrated by direct thiocholine histochemical method. Nerve fibers present in the thymuses form periarterial nerve plexuses located mostly in the interlobular septa and on the cortico-medullary junction. Vessels-independent nerve fibers occur also in the parenchyma of thymic medulla, but rarely in parenchyma of the cortex. Within the connective tissue between the bursa of Fabricius and the wall of proctodeum we observed conspicuous AChE-positive ganglia, often in close relationship to greater arteries. Within the wall of bursa of Fabricius, AChE-positive nerve fibers create nerve plexuses around arteries. We observed a close relationship between lymphoid follicules in bursal submucosa and mucosa and AChE-positive nerve fibers. Nerve fibers create a ring around lymphoid follicles, but do not penetrate into the germinal center of the follicle. Arteries inside quail thymuses and bursae of Fabricius contain rich AChE-positive nerve plexuses, when compared to the veins, which have a very poor presence of AChE-positive nerves. According to lesser presence and decreased density of AChE-positive nerve fibers in older animals, we described age-dependent changes in both quail primary lymphoid organs.

Morphological signs of neurogenic inflammation in the heart of rats during aging

2022 ◽  
pp. 831-840
Author(s):  
Е.И. Чумасов ◽  
Е.С. Петрова ◽  
Д.Э. Коржевский
Keyword(s):  
Neurogenic Inflammation ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Pgp 9.5 ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Fibers ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Right ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrates ◽  
Heart Apparatus

С помощью гистологических методов окраски толуидиновым синим, гематоксилином и эозином и иммуногистохимических реакций на белок PGP 9.5, тирозингидроксилазу (ТГ), белок Iba-1, изучены клеточные изменения в разных отделах сердца крыс линии Wistar в возрасте 18- 23 мес. В соединительной ткани основания сердца обнаружены очаговые воспалительные инфильтраты, внутри которых выявлены PGP 9.5 и ТГ сплетения, состоящие из парасимпатических и симпатических нервных волокон. В области клапанного аппарата, на границе фиброзного кольца и миокарда правого предсердия, обнаружены патологические изменения нервных структур - дегенерация нервных пучков и зернистый распад варикозных аксонов терминального сплетения. Установлены тесные взаимоотношения аксонов терминальной нервной сети с клетками воспалительных инфильтратов и кровеносными сосудами. Определены закономерности встречаемости в различных отделах миокарда у старых животных нейроклеточных воспалительных комплексов, состоящих из нервных волокон, кровеносных капилляров и клеток-участников местного воспалительного процесса (тучных клеток, макрофагов, фибробластов, плазмоцитов). Установлен хронический характер нейрогенного воспаления в сердце при старении. Using histological methods of staining with toluidine blue, hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical reactions for the PGP 9,5 protein, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), Iba-1 protein, cellular changes in different parts of the heart of Wistar rats at the age of 18-23 months were studied. In the connective tissue of the heart base, focal inflammatory infiltrates were found, near which PGP 9.5 and TH plexuses, consisting of parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve fibers, were detected. In the area of the valvular heart apparatus, at the border of the anneau fibreux and the myocardium of the right atrium, pathological changes in nerve structures were found: degeneration of nerve fibers and granular destruction varicose axons of the terminal plexus. A close relationship has been established between axons of the terminal nervous network and cells of inflammatory infiltrates and blood capillaries. The features of the localization of neurocellular inflammatory complexes consisting of nerve fibers, blood capillaries and cells participating in the local inflammatory process (mast cells, histiocytes, monocytes, fibroblasts, plasma cells) in various parts of the myocardium in old animals are described. The chronic nature of neurogenic inflammation in the heart during aging has been established.

scholarly journals Studi Histopatologi Limpa dan Bursa Fabricious Ayam Berpenyakit Tetelo (Newcastle Disease) pada Kasus Lapang (HISTOPATHOLOGY STUDIES ON SPLEEN AND BURSA OF FABRICIUS OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE CHICKHENS FROM FIELD CASE)

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 510
Author(s):  
Etriwati Etriwati ◽  
Ekowati Handharyani ◽  
Surachmi Setiyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Mantle Zone ◽  
Lymphoid Follicles ◽  
Degree Of Reaction ◽  
Avian Disease ◽  
Virus Distribution ◽  
Red Pulp

Newcastle Disease is a highly contagious and very virulent avian disease in all of poultry. The aims of this study were to determine the lesions and distribution of Newcastle disease virus on spleen and bursa of Fabricous of Newcastle disease chickhens from field cases. The sample used in this study were the spleen and bursa Fabricious organ of ten cases of suspect Newcastle disease. Haematoxylin and eosin staining examination was performed determine of cell morphology and distribution of the virus by immunohistochemical staining. The distribution of the lesions and the degree of reaction were determined by the category immunopositive mild, moderate and severe. Gross lesion on spleen, including swollen, fragile and necrotic multifocal. Histopathological lesions showed hyperemia/congestion and depletion of lymphoid cells. Immunopositive reaction found in lymphoid cells of red pulp and lymphoid cells in lymphoid follicles. Bursa of Fabricious showed atrophy and hyperemia/congestion with histopatological lesions hemorrhages, lymphoid cells in lymphoid follicles undergo necrosis and depletion of lymphoid follicles. Immunopositif reaction was observed in lymphoid cells in the mantle zone of lymphoid follicles. Newcastle disease from field cases cause damage to the spleen and bursa of Fabricius with degrees lesions and virus distribution in the organs are severe.

Lung inflation: effects on heart rate, respiration, and vagal afferent activity in seals

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (2) ◽  
pp. H190-H198 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Angell-James ◽  
R. Elsner ◽  
M. De Burgh Daly
Keyword(s):  
Transpulmonary Pressure ◽  
Harbor Seal ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Cardiac Response ◽  
Impulse Frequency ◽  
Lung Inflation ◽  
Afferent Nerve Fibers ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Vagal Afferent ◽  
Carotid Body Chemoreceptors

In the anesthetized harbor seal, Phoca vitulina, the Hering-Breuer inflation reflex was weak and comparable to that in humans. Single inflations of the lungs from a syringe during the expiratory phase of normal breathing caused temporary inhibition of breathing and an immediate tachycardia dependent on the integrity of the cervical vagosympathetic nerves. A similar cardiac response occurred when the lungs were artificially inflated during an experimental dive and under conditions in which apnea and bradycardia were reflexly induced by a combination of stimulation of the carotid body chemoreceptors and of the trigeminal or laryngeal input. Recordings from single vagal afferent nerve fibers innervating presumptive pulmonary stretch receptors showed a close relationship between the increase in impulse frequency and increase in lung volume or transpulmonary pressure. It appears that in diving the decrease in pulmonary stretch receptor activity during apnea, combined with cessation of central inspiratory neuronal drive, is an important integrative mechanism that helps development of the reflex bradycardia of trigeminal, carotid, chemoreceptor, and baroreceptor origin.

Ontogeny of IgM-producing cells in the lymphoid organs of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson: an immuno- and enzyme-histochemical study

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Razquin ◽  
A. Castillo ◽  
P. Lopez-Fierro ◽  
F. Alvarez ◽  
A. Zapata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri

scholarly journals Simultaneous detection of vaccinal and field infectious bursal disease viruses in layer chickens challenged with a very virulent strain after vaccination

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Dobrosavljević ◽  
Dejan Vidanović ◽  
Maja Velhner ◽  
Biljana Miljković ◽  
Branislav Lako
Keyword(s):  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Challenge Virus ◽  
Bursal Disease

Infectious bursal disease virus is an important poultry pathogen. It is distributed worldwide and causes significant economic losses. In this study, a system was adopted for the simultaneous monitoring of vaccine and virulent strains using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). After the decay of maternal antibodies, chickens were vaccinated at the age of 37 days with a virus of intermediate virulence and challenged at 5, 10 and 14 days post vaccination (dpv). The challenge was done with IBDV strain CH/99. Sequencing of the hypervariable region of VP2 has shown that CH/99 belongs to the very virulent group of viruses. The vaccine virus could be found in the bursa of Fabricius, spleen, thymus and bone marrow until 24 dpv. The CH/99 challenge virus was found in the bursa and lymphoid organs when chickens were challenged at 5 and 10 dpv. When challenge was performed at 14 dpv, the pathogenic virus could not be found in the bursa and other lymphoid organs.

Cortisol decreases 2[125I]iodomelatonin binding sites in the duck thymu

1994 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMS Poon ◽  
ZM Liu ◽  
F Tang ◽  
SF Pang
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Melatonin Receptors ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Inhibitory Influence ◽  
Adrenal Steroids

Poon AMS, Liu ZM, Tang F, Pang SF. Cortisol decreases 2[125I]iodomelatonin binding sites in the duck thymus. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:320–4. ISSN 0804–4643 The immunosuppressive effect of chronic glucocorticoid treatment on 2[125I]iodomelatonin binding in the duck thymus was studied. Two-week-old ducks were injected intraperitoneally with either 1 mg of cortisol per day (experimental group) or an equivalent volume of vehicle (control group) in the middle of the light period for 7 days. 2[125I]Iodomelatonin binding assays were performed on thymic membranes. Cortisol injection reduced the body weight gain, size of the bursa of Fabricius and absolute weights of the primary lymphoid organs but had no effect on the spleen weights. The relative weights of the spleen were increased while those of the primary lymphoid organs were unchanged. The density of the thymus 2[125I]iodomelatonin binding sites was decreased while the affinity was not affected. The modulation of the thymic 2[125I]iodomelatonin binding sites by changes in the immune status of the duck suggests that these binding sites represent physiologically relevant melatonin receptors and that melatonin exerts its action on the lymphoid tissues directly. Our findings support the hypothesis that the thymus is the target site for the immunomodulatory interactions between the pineal melatonin and the adrenal steroids. A possible inhibitory influence of adrenal steroids on the immuno-enhancing effect of melatonin is also suggested. AMS Poon, University of Hong Kong, 5 Sassoon Rd, Hong Kong

Age-related changes in the avian primary lymphoid organs (thymus and bursa of Fabricius)

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 482-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Ciriaco ◽  
Pablo P. Píñera ◽  
Belén Díaz-Esnal ◽  
Rosaria Laurà
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

scholarly journals Potential Application of T-Follicular Regulatory Cell Therapy in Transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Dudreuilh ◽  
Sumoyee Basu ◽  
Cristiano Scottà ◽  
Anthony Dorling ◽  
Giovanna Lombardi
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Germinal Center ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Preclinical Research

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) constitute a small proportion of circulating CD4+ T cells that function to maintain homeostasis and prevent autoimmunity. In light of their powerful immunosuppressive and tolerance-promoting properties, Tregs have become an interesting potential candidate for therapeutic use in conditions such as solid organ transplant or to treat autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. Clinical studies have demonstrated the safety of polyclonally expanded Tregs in graft-versus-host disease, type 1 diabetes, and more recently in renal and liver transplantation. However, Tregs are heterogenous. Recent insights indicate that only a small proportion of Tregs, called T follicular regulatory cells (Tfr) regulate interactions between B cells and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells within the germinal center. Tfr have been mainly described in mouse models due to the challenges of sampling secondary lymphoid organs in humans. However, emerging human studies, characterize Tfr as being CD4+CD25+FOXP3+CXCR5+ cells with different levels of PD-1 and ICOS expression depending on their localization, in the blood or the germinal center. The exact role they play in transplantation remains to be elucidated. However, given the potential ability of these cells to modulate antibody responses to allo-antigens, there is great interest in exploring translational applications in situations where B cell responses need to be regulated. Here, we review the current knowledge of Tfr and the role they play focusing on human diseases and transplantation. We also discuss the potential future applications of Tfr therapy in transplantation and examine the evidence for a role of Tfr in antibody production, acute and chronic rejection and tertiary lymphoid organs. Furthermore, the potential impact of immunosuppression on Tfr will be explored. Based on preclinical research, we will analyse the rationale of Tfr therapy in solid organ transplantation and summarize the different challenges to be overcome before Tfr therapy can be implemented into clinical practice.

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