The perception of corruption as social and institutional pressure: A comparative analysis of cultural biases

Human Affairs ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Torsello
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Cultural Theory ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Institutional Pressure ◽  
Mary Douglas ◽  
Social Grouping ◽  
Corruption Perception ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Aaron Wildavsky

AbstractThis study is an empirical approach to answering the question: are there any universal factors that account for the origin, diffusion and persistence of corruption in human societies? The paper enquires whether the perception of corruption in politics and economics can be tackled as a form of cultural adaptation, driven by exogenous and endogenous forces. These are respectively: freedom of access and management of economic resources, and the pressures towards human grouping. Following the analytical insights of cultural theory, developed by Mary Douglas and later Aaron Wildavsky, variation is introduced through the ways in which corruption is perceived through the different behavioral and cultural biases that prevail in societies. This research introduces a cross-country comparative analysis of 57 countries attempting to test quantitatively whether institutional pressure and emphasis towards social grouping are correlated with corruption perception at country levels.

scholarly journals How rankings disguise gender inequality: A comparative analysis of cross-country gender equality rankings based on adjusted wage gaps

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241107
Author(s):  
Karolina Goraus Tanska ◽  
Joanna Tyrowicz ◽  
Lucas Augusto van der Velde
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Wage Gaps ◽  
Cross Country

Cultural Adaptation on the Web

2011 ◽  
pp. 203-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitish Singh ◽  
Hongxin Zhao ◽  
Xiaorui Hu
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Fortune 500 ◽  
Neutral Medium ◽  
Business Press ◽  
Fortune 500 Companies ◽  
Web Designers ◽  
The U.S ◽  
The Web

In the academic literature and the business press, there seems to be a lack of guidance and lack of cross-cultural models to support companies localization strategies on the Web. To address this deficit in literature and to provide marketers and Web designers with insights into website localization, this paper conducted a comparative analysis of the U.S. based international companies’ domestic websites and their Chinese websites. A framework to measure cultural adaptation on the Web is presented. Forty U.S.-based Fortune 500 companies are surveyed to investigate the cultural adaptation of their Chinese websites. Content analysis of the 80 U.S. domestic and Chinese websites reveals that the web is not a culturally neutral medium, but it is full of cultural markers that give country-specific websites a look and feel unique to the local culture.

scholarly journals Higher education in the EU countries: comparative geographical analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 00131
Author(s):  
Marina Voronina
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
European Union ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
University Students ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Eu

The article analyzes indicators of higher education in the European Union: the number of higher education institutions; the number of university students; changes in the number of faculty members, age structure; higher education expenses; cost of training one student. A similar study was conducted by the author in 2006. The article provides a comparative analysis of indicators for 2001-2016. The analysis uses data from EUROSTAT which were interpreted at the cross-country level.

scholarly journals Nurse prescribing of medicines in 13 European countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia B. Maier
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Nurse Prescribing ◽  
Ensure Patient Safety ◽  
Study Country ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Country Specific

Abstract Background Nurse prescribing of medicines is increasing worldwide, but there is limited research in Europe. The objective of this study was to analyse which countries in Europe have adopted laws on nurse prescribing. Methods Cross-country comparative analysis of reforms on nurse prescribing, based on an expert survey (TaskShift2Nurses Survey) and an OECD study. Country experts provided country-specific information, which was complemented with the peer-reviewed and grey literature. The analysis was based on policy and thematic analyses. Results In Europe, as of 2019, a total of 13 countries have adopted laws on nurse prescribing, of which 12 apply nationwide (Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom (UK)) and one regionally, to the Canton Vaud (Switzerland). Eight countries adopted laws since 2010. The extent of prescribing rights ranged from nearly all medicines within nurses’ specialisations (Ireland for nurse prescribers, Netherlands for nurse specialists, UK for independent nurse prescribers) to a limited set of medicines (Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden). All countries have regulatory and minimum educational requirements in place to ensure patient safety; the majority require some form of physician oversight. Conclusions The role of nurses has expanded in Europe over the last decade, as demonstrated by the adoption of new laws on prescribing rights.

scholarly journals “We Offer Nuffle a Sausage Sacrifice on Game Day”. Blood Bowl Players’ World-building Rituals through the Lens of Theory of Sociocultual Viability

2020 ◽  
pp. 089124162094824
Author(s):  
Benedict E. Singleton
Keyword(s):  
Social Theory ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Cultural Theory ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
American Football ◽  
Mary Douglas ◽  
The World ◽  
Building Activities

This article explores the world-building activities of players of the tabletop game Blood Bowl—a game that parodies American Football within a fantasy setting. It utilizes a ritual framework to focus on players’ activities relating to the considerable amount of luck inherent to the game. Based on fieldwork and survey data, it interprets players’ rituals and other actions as an effort to enact a particular social space, a “magic circle,” where enjoyable risk-taking and “edgework” take place. This social space is then analyzed within the Mary Douglas-derived theory of sociocultural viability (cultural theory). Using the theory’s typology, Blood Bowl tournaments can be characterized as individualist–hierarchy hybrid institutions. The article contributes by offering cultural theory as a tool for analyzing and comparing risk-taking behavior in diverse social contexts. The worlds built through Blood Bowl play are both analyzable and comparable with those integral to other social institutions, with cultural theory’s social solidarities ubiquitous. The article thus innovates by linking literatures on leisure and gaming with broader social theory.

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