Microwave plasma assisted pyrolysis of refuse derived fuels

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parin Khongkrapan ◽  
Patipat Thanompongchart ◽  
Nakorn Tippayawong ◽  
Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Combustible Gas ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Product Gas ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuels

AbstractThis work combined plasma reactivity and pyrolysis for conversion of solid wastes. Decomposition of refuse derived fuel (RDF) and its combustible components (paper, biomass, and plastic) in an 800 W microwave plasma reactor was investigated at varying argon flow rates of 0.50 to 1.25 lpm for 3 minutes. The characteristic bright light emission of plasma was observed with calculated maximum power density of about 35 W/cm3. The RDF and its components were successfully converted into char and combustible gas. The average char yield was found to be 12–21% of the original mass, with a gross calorific value of around 39 MJ/kg. The yield of the product gas was in the range 1.0–1.7 m3/kg. The combustible gas generated from the pyrolysis of the RDF contained about 14% H2, 66% CO, and 4% CH4 of the detected gas mass, with a heating value of 11 MJ/m3. These products are potentially marketable forms of clean energy.

scholarly journals Thermal analysis of different Refuse Derived Fuels (RDFs) samples

2021 ◽  
pp. 249-249
Author(s):  
Gizem Ayas ◽  
Hakan Öztop
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Heterogeneous Structure ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuels

As a result of the activities carried out by people to maintain their daily lives in different places such as homes, hospitals, hotels or workplaces, waste consisting of furniture, paint, batteries, food waste, sachets, bottles, fabrics, and fibers with the heterogeneous structure is called Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Secondary fuels with higher heating value, which are generated by recycling of non-recyclable and reusable wastes in municipal solid wastes, are called as Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF). In this study, Refuse Derived Fuel1 (RDF1 : taken in December, winter season) and Refuse Derived Fuel2 (RDF2 : taken in June, summer season) samples obtained from different dates were used. The ultimate, proximate, calorific value, X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were performed for these samples. Combustion characterization from Refuse Derived Fuel samples was investigated in the applied analyzes. The results of the content analysis made were examined separately and compared with the Thermogravimetric analysis and Differential Thermal Analysis combustion graph curves. It was revealed that the Refuse Derived Fuel1 sample had a better combustion compared to the Refuse Derived Fuel2 sample, as the ash amount and content obtained as a result of the combustion also supported other data. In addition, the results of the analysis show how different the Refuse Derived Fuel samples taken from the same region in two different months are different from each other.

scholarly journals CFD Modeling of a Lab-Scale Microwave Plasma Reactor for Waste-to-Energy Applications: A Review

Gases ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-147
Author(s):  
Owen Sedej ◽  
Eric Mbonimpa
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Plasma Gasification

Rapidly increasing solid waste generation and energy demand are two critical issues of the current century. Plasma gasification, a type of waste-to-energy (WtE) technology, has the potential to produce clean energy from waste and safely destroy hazardous waste. Among plasma gasification technologies, microwave (MW)-driven plasma offers numerous potential advantages to be scaled as a leading WtE technology if its processes are well understood and optimized. This paper reviews studies on modeling experimental microwave-induced plasma gasification systems. The system characterization requires developing mathematical models to describe the multiphysics phenomena within the reactor. The injection of plasma-forming gases and carrier gases, the rate of the waste stream, and the operational power heavily influence the initiation of various chemical reactions that produce syngas. The type and kinetics of the chemical reactions taking place are primarily influenced by either the turbulence or temperature. Navier–Stokes equations are used to describe the mass, momentum, and energy transfer, and the k-epsilon model is often used to describe the turbulence within the reactor. Computational fluid dynamics software offers the ability to solve these multiphysics mathematical models efficiently and accurately.

Bright Light Emission of a Single Polythiophene Nanotube Strand with a Nanometer-scale Metal Coating

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 2824-2829 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Joo ◽  
D. H. Park ◽  
M.-Y. Jeong ◽  
Y. B. Lee ◽  
H. S. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Emission ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Metal Coating ◽  
Nanometer Scale

Energy coupling efficiency of a hydrogen microwave plasma reactor

2001 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Gordon ◽  
X. Duten ◽  
K. Hassouni ◽  
A. Gicquel
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Coupling Efficiency ◽  
Energy Coupling

scholarly journals Design and characterization of an electromagnetic-resonant cavity microwave plasma reactor for atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide decomposition

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 1800153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Mohsenian ◽  
Shyam Sheth ◽  
Saroj Bhatta ◽  
Dassou Nagassou ◽  
Daniel Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Resonant Cavity

scholarly journals A 4-stroke spark-ignition engine fuelled with low quality gas

2017 ◽  
Vol 168 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-124
Author(s):  
Marek BRZEŻAŃSKI ◽  
Michał MARECZEK ◽  
Marek SUTKOWSKI ◽  
Wojciech SMUGA
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Product Gas ◽  
Methane Number

Huge amount of by-products is still considered as waste and is simply disposed, for example by-product gas is usually flared. Political and social pressure to reduce air pollution and national needs for energy security make these waste fuels interesting for near-future power generation. Unfortunately most of these waste fuels, even when liquefied or gasified, have very low quality and can hardly be used in high-efficiency power systems. Among main challenges are low calorific value and composition fluctuation. Additionally very often there is a high content of sulphur, siloxanes, tars, etc., which have to be removed from the fuel. Modern 4-stroke gas engines designed for power generation applications provide very high efficiency, high reliability and availability. Unfortunately, these gas engines require high quality fuel with stable composition. Horus-Energia together with Cracow University of Technology developed a novel gas supply system HE-MUZG that can adapt to current gas quality and change engine settings accordingly.This article will present results from the HE-MUZG system tests on modern 4-stroke spark-ignition gas engine. Tests focus on low quality gas, such as gas with low calorific value, gas with very low methane number and gas with very big variations of calorific value. Test results compared with performance of that engine in the original configuration show huge improvements. Moreover the HE- MUZG system is easy to implement in commercial gensets.

scholarly journals Hydrogen rich product gas from air-steam gasification of Indian biomasses with waste engine oil as binder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Sharma ◽  
Bhupendra Gupta ◽  
Mukesh Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Syngas Production ◽  
Waste Engine Oil ◽  
Product Gas ◽  
Biomass Ratio

Abstract Present study concerns with the production of H2 rich product gas by thermochemical energy conversion having biomass gasification as a route for the four biomasses i.e., Kasai Saw Dust, Lemon Grass, Wheat Straw and Pigeon Pea Seed Coat. The biomasses are from the family of woody biomass, grasses, agricultural waste and food process industry wastes. Waste engine oil as an additive is used, which also acts as a binder. Air gasification and Air-steam gasification is applied and compared for product gas composition, hydrogen yield and other performance parameters like lower heating value, energy yield. Product gas constituents, hydrogen production is examined with different steam to biomass ratio (S/B ratio) and equivalence ratio. The equivalence ratio varies from 0.20–0.40 and the steam to biomass ratio varies between 0–4. The waster engine oil is mixed with the biomasses with different percentage of 5 and 10 wt%. For enhancement of feedstock quality palletization process is applied. The H2 yield is greatly affected by the equivalence ratio. Results show maximum H2 production and higher calorific value of product gas at an air to fuel of 0.26 for all the biomass pallets. Also, the S/B ratio observed as important aspect for hydrogen enrichment. Hydrogen yield is maximum at 2.4 steam to biomass ratio. This study considers the rarely studied Indian biomasses with waste engine oil as an additive for hydrogen-rich product gas production and will be beneficial for small scale hydrogen-rich syngas production considering the central Indian region originated biomasses. Statement of Novelty (SON): Research work belongs to eco-friendly use of rarely studied Indian biomass pallets. Equivalence air to fuel ratio (E/R ratio), steam to biomass ratio (S/B ratio) and waste engine oil as additive have been considered to upgrade H2 content and Calorific Value (CV) of the product gas. Novelty of work include use of waste engine oil as additive to make biomass pallets.

scholarly journals Biochar from Waste Derived Fuels as Low-Cost Adsorbent for Waste Hydrocarbons

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-187
Author(s):  
Dmitrijs Porsnovs ◽  
Linda Ansone-Bertina ◽  
Jorens Kviesis ◽  
Dace Âriņa ◽  
Maris Klavins
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oily Wastewater ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Sorption Behaviour ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Oily Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuels ◽  
Sorption Media

AbstractThe aim of this study is to prove technical feasibility of combined refuse derived fuel (RDF) torrefaction and oily wastewater treatment approach by using RDF derived biochar as a sorption media. Biochars prepared from refuse derived fuels in torrefaction, carbonization and pyrolysis modes were analysed as fuels and as hydrocarbon sorbents. Changes of elemental composition and properties of material during thermal treatment and subsequent washing process have been analysed. Experimental evaluation of sorption behaviour of toluene and diesel fuel on obtained biochar performed. Our results show that torrefaction/carbonization of RDF coupled with the subsequent washing of biochar is a method allowing to overcome absolute majority of the quality problems of waste derived fuels, including the most important one: high chlorine content. In spite the fact that optimal temperatures for upgrading waste derived fuels and to produce high quality sorbent does not coincide, technically it is possible to combine the washing of torrefied/carbonized waste derived fuels with the treatment of wastewaters that are polluted with oils or hydrocarbons.

scholarly journals Characterization of Refuse Derived Fuel Production from Municipal Solid Waste: The Case Studies in Latvia and Lithuania

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
Dace Âriņa ◽  
Rūta Bendere ◽  
Gintaras Denafas ◽  
Jānis Kalnačs ◽  
Mait Kriipsalu
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Morphological Composition ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe authors determined the morphological composition of refuse derived fuel (RDF) produced in Latvia and Lithuania by manually sorting. The parameters of RDF (moisture, net calorific value, ash content, carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulphur, chlorine, metals) was determined using the EN standards. Comparing obtained results with data from literature, authors have found that the content of plastic is higher but paper and cardboard is lower than typical values. Results also show that the mean parameters for RDF can be classified with the class codes: Net heating value (3); chlorine (3); mercury (1), and responds to limits stated for 3rd class of solid recovered fuel. It is recommended to separate biological waste at source to lower moisture and ash content and increase heating value for potential fuel production from waste.

Nanoparticles generated by combining hot wall and microwave plasma chemical vapor synthesis

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
Alexander Levish ◽  
Markus Winterer
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Process Window ◽  
Chemical Vapor Synthesis ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Structure Surface ◽  
Oxide Phases ◽  
Precursor Decomposition

ABSTRACTControlling the oxidation state of iron and the crystal structure of iron containing compounds is the key to improved materials such as iron oxide nanoparticles for cancer treatment or heterogeneous catalysis. Iron oxides contain iron in different oxidation states and form different phases for one valence state (α-Fe3+2O2-3, β- Fe3+2O-32, etc.). Chemical vapor synthesis (CVS) allows the reproducible production of pure nanocrystals with narrow size distribution where particle formation and growth take place in the gas phase. Through the controlled variation of synthesis parameters CVS enables the synthesis of diverse iron oxide phases. In this study the energy for the CVS process is supplied by a hot wall furnace and a microwave plasma. The advantage of an plasma reactor as the first CVS stage is the fast and complete precursor decomposition at low temperatures. This results in a larger process window for the hot wall reactor in the second stage. The nanoparticles are examined regarding their structure, surface and valence by XRD and TEM.

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