scholarly journals La Première Guerre mondiale dans l’opérette de langue allemande à l’exemple de l’opérette Im Konzentrationslager (1917) de Helene Fürnkranz

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Leclerc
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
German Language ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Mise En Scene ◽  
First World ◽  
Female Perspective

Abstract Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Operette einer im Lager Garaison (Hautes-Pyrénées) internierten Österreicherin. Im Ersten Weltkrieg wurden Familien deutscher und österreichischer Zivilisten in diesem französischen Lager versammelt. Helene Fürnkranz‘ Operette, deren Titel Im Konzentrationslager auf die offizielle Bezeichnung des Lagers zurückgreift, schildert das Leben der Internierten, wobei sie sich weitgehend auf die Biografie und die Erlebnisse der Autorin im Lager stützt. Das Werk ist insofern einzigartig, als es den Stand-punkt einer Person österreichischer Herkunft auf französischem Boden während des Ersten Weltkriegs, und noch dazu jenen einer Frau, vermittelt. Darüber hinaus zählt es zu den seltenen Operetten, die den Krieg zum eigentlichen Thema und nicht nur zum Hintergrund des Geschehens machen. Angestrebt wird hier ein Vergleich dieses Opernlibrettos mit einigen Werken des deutschsprachigen Operettenkanons (Gold gab ich für Eisen und Die Csárdasfürstin von Emmerich Kálmán, Die Rose von Stambul von Leo Fall und Viktoria und ihr Husar von Paul Abraham), wobei zuerst die realistische Darstellung des Krieges untersucht wird, dann die humoristische Dimension und die Inszenierung des Konfliktes, sowie schließlich die Bedeutung der weiblichen Perspektive, die sich im Stück als vorherrschend erweist. L’article étudie le cas d’une opérette écrite par une femme d’origine autrichienne internée au camp de Garaison (Hautes-Pyrénées) où furent regroupées des familles de civils allemands et autrichiens durant la Première Guerre mondiale. Cette opérette d’Helene Fürnkranz, dont le titre reprend la dénomination officielle du camp, évoque précisément la vie des internés en s’inspirant largement de la biographie de l’auteure et de son expérience à Garaison. L’œuvre est originale en tant qu’elle offre le point de vue d’une Autrichienne en France pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, d’une femme également, et qu’il semble s’agir d’une des rares opérettes qui fasse du conflit son sujet même et non un simple arrière-plan. En mettant ce livret en perspective avec quelques opérettes plus canoniques du répertoire de langue allemande (Gold gab ich für Eisen et Die Csárdasfürstin de Emmerich Kálmán, Die Rose von Stambul de Leo Fall et Viktoria und ihr Husar de Paul Abraham), l’article examine tout d’abord la représentation réaliste de la guerre qui se dégage de l’opérette de Fürnkranz, puis le traitement léger et humoristique qui en est fait et la mise en scène de la guerre, avant de s’interroger sur la portée de la perspective féminine, qui est centrale dans la pièce. The article studies the case of an operetta written by a woman of Austrian origin interned at the Garaison camp (Hautes-Pyrénées) where German and Austrian civilian families were gathered during the First World War. This operetta by Helene Fürnkranz, whose title takes the official name of the camp, evokes precisely the life of the internees, drawing in large amounts on the author's biography and her experience at Garaison. The work is original in that it offers the point of view of an Austrian citizen in France during the First World War, a woman as well, and seems to be one of the few operettas that makes the conflict its very subject and not just a background. Putting this libretto into perspective with some of the more canonical operettas in the German-language repertoire (Gold gab ich für Eisen and Die Csárdasfürstin by Emmerich Kálmán, Die Rose von Stambul by Leo Fall and Viktoria und ihr Husar by Paul Abraham), the article first examines the realistic portrayal of war in Fürnkranz's operetta, then the light and humorous treatment and staging of the war, before considering the significance of the female perspective, which is central to the play.

scholarly journals Übersetzung pejorativer Personenbezeichnungen

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Pavić Pintarić
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
First World War ◽  
German Language ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Miroslav Krleza ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First World

This paper investigates the translation of pejoratives referring to persons. The corpus is comprised of literary dialogues in the collection of short stories about the First World War by Miroslav Krleža. The dialogues describe the relationship between officers and soldiers. Soldiers are not well prepared for the war and are the trigger of officers’ anger. Therefore, the dialogues are rich with emotionally loaded outbursts resulting in swearwords. Swearwords relate to the intellect and skills of soldiers, and can be divided into absolute and relative pejoratives. Absolute pejoratives refer to the words that carry the negative meaning as the basis, whereas relative pejoratives are those that gain the negative meaning in a certain context. They derive from names of occupations and zoonyms. The analysis comprises the emotional embedment of swearwords, their metaphoric character and the strategies of translation from the Croatian into the German language.

scholarly journals Исполняя долг гражданина и врача…

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Валериан Николаев
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
First World War ◽  
Medical Faculty ◽  
German Language ◽  
World War ◽  
Ural Division ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Further Development ◽  
First World

Статья посвящена биографии одного из первых военных врачей, участника Первой мировой войны из коренных народов Сибири И. Н. Скрябина. Он в 1914 г. окончил медицинский факультет Императорского Томского университета. После окончания был сразу призван на фронт Первой мировой войны. Попал в плен, знание немецкого языка спасло его от расстрела. Вернувшись в Россию, участвовал в Гражданской войне бригадным врачом Уральской дивизии. В 1920 г. вернулся в родную Якутию. Он приложил много сил и энергии, знания и опыт в дело становления здравоохранения и его дальнейшего развития в Якутии. Еще много бы он сделал для здравоохранения, но подорванное войной здоровье прервало его жизнь в возрасте 33 лет 7 декабря 1923 г. в г. Якутске. The article is devoted to the biography of one of the first military doctors, a participant in the First World War from the indigenous peoples of Siberia I.N. Skryabin. In 1914 he graduated from the Medical Faculty of the Imperial Tomsk University. After graduation, he was immediately called up to the front of the First World War. He was captured, knowledge of the German language saved him from being shot. Returning to Russia, he participated in the Civil War as a brigade doctor of the Ural division. In 1920 he returned to his native Yakutia. He put a lot of effort and energy, knowledge and experience into the establishment of healthcare and its further development in Yakutia. He would have done a lot for health care, but his health, undermined by the war, interrupted his life at the age of 33 on December 7, 1923 in Yakutsk

The Development of Flight Deck Displays

1984 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-231
Author(s):  
F. S. Stringer
Keyword(s):  
Engine Speed ◽  
High Technology ◽  
First World War ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Flight Deck ◽  
First World

In this review of the evolution of displays and controls in military and civil fixed-wing aircraft, the author traces the development of flight instruments, largely in this country, from their rudimentary beginning before the first World War to the present high degree of automation and suggests certain pitfalls from the pilot's point of view in high-technology solutions.The Wright Brothers' aeroplane flew with only a stopwatch, a tachometer to measure engine speed, and an anemometer, all for measuring performance; the pilot had no instrumentation to help him fly the aircraft. There was little change up to the beginning of the first world war in 1914. The cockpit hardly existed as such: controls varied in design; some were levers, and often there was a wheel which, in the early days, controlled wing warping to change the lift of each wing to allow the aircraft to bank.

scholarly journals Donosicielstwo, niespełnione ambicje czy zdrada stanu?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 81-102
Author(s):  
Tomasz Pudłocki
Keyword(s):  
School Community ◽  
First World War ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
German Language ◽  
World War ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
Language Of Instruction ◽  
Language Teacher ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

Informants, Unfulfilled Ambitions or High Treason? Problems of the Educational Environment of Stanisławów in the Years 1914-1915 in the Light of the Investigation into Michał Jezienicki, the Head of the 1st Gimnasium The author uses the files from the investigation into Michał Jezienicki, the head of the 1st Gymnasium with Polish as the language of instruction, to take a closer look at the problems faced by the citizens of Stanisławów during the first Russian occupation. The files have allowed to recreate the atmosphere between the members of the school community and answer the question to what extent it was a derivative of the headmaster’s nervousness and to what extent due to the unfulfilled ambitions of Teofil Erben, the German language teacher who initiated the investigation into Jezienicki. Thus, the article shows the problem of informants, widespread during the First World War, and the issue of loyalty to the Habsburg monarchy, which was still considered very profitable by many members of the elite.

scholarly journals ‟Wir Deutschjuden”: The Image of Germans and Westjuden in the German-Language Jewish Press of the First World War and the Interwar Period

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Izabela Olszewska
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
First World War ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
German Language ◽  
World War ◽  
Ashkenazi Jews ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World ◽  
Special Time

‟Wir Deutschjuden”: The Image of Germans and Westjuden in the German-Language Jewish Press of the First World War and the Interwar PeriodThe interwar period was a highly special time in reference to defining and constructing all kinds of cultural identities in Europe. One of the groups building their identity at the time were the so-called Westjuden, a Jewish community culturally defined as Ashkenazi assimilated under the influence of the Jewish Enlightenment (the Haskalah). In German territory, Westjuden considered themselves German citizens of the Jewish faith, thus separating themselves from the remaining groups of Ashkenazi Jews, i.e. the Ostjuden. Also describing themselves as Germans in the German-language Jewish press, Westjuden frequently characterized, analyzed, and searched for confirmation of their belonging to the German cultural circle.The aim of the article is to reconstruct the image of Germans and  Westjuden themselves in the German-language Jewish press at the time of the First World War and in the interwar period. „Wir Deutschjuden”: obraz Niemców oraz Westjuden w niemieckojęzycznej prasie żydowskiej z okresu pierwszej wojny światowej oraz dwudziestolecia międzywojennegoOkres pierwszej wojny światowej oraz dwudziestolecia międzywojennego był czasem niezwykle specyficznym, jeśli chodzi o określanie i konstruowanie wszelkich ku lturowych tożsamości w Europie. Jedną z takich grup byli Deutschjuden, tj. zasymilowani pod wpływem oświecenia żydowskiego (Haskali) Żydzi niemieccy. Deutschjuden deklarowali się jako „obywatele niemieccy wyznania mojżeszowego”, separując się tym ostentacyjnie od migrujących do Niemiec Żydów z Europy wschodniej – Ostjuden. Na łamach swojej prasy niemieckojęzycznej Żydzi wielokrotnie charakteryzowali, analizowali, szukali potwierdzenia przynależności do niemieckiego kręgu kulturowego, opisując przy tym siebie, jak i Niemców.Celem artykułu jest rekonstrukcja kulturowego obrazu Deutschjuden oraz pośrednio Niemców ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem dyskursu odnoszącego się do języka, religii, kultury historycznej czy tradycji Deutschjuden.

scholarly journals Institutions for the Administration of Vilnius at the Beginning of the German Occupation during the First World War

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-174
Author(s):  
Edmundas Gimžauskas
Keyword(s):  
Empty Space ◽  
First World War ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
World War ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Administrative Structures ◽  
First World

The entrenched opinion in historiography is that during the First World War, the German army, after entering the lands belonging to the Russian Empire, created its own occupying administrative structures essentially in an empty space. This also applies to the case of Vilnius. Nevertheless, the diaries and memoirs of witnesses of the events of that time cast doubt on this very entrenched stereotype. Indeed, the entry of the Germans into Vilnius in September 1915 meant radical changes in the development of the city’s administration, but from an administrative point of view, the arriving conquerors did not really find an empty space here. Certain structures, the city magistrate, police and Citizens’ Committee were approved for retention. This was done not at the initiative of the Russian government that carried it out, but of the local public itself. After the Germans marched in, they did not destroy the structures of civil administration they found, but adapted them to meet their own interests. Along with this, they created military structures, leaving civilian rule on the sidelines. As the Germans gradually established themselves, the rudiments of occupation civilian rule, which were drawn from cadres of local Poles, began to emerge. This was associated with the trend the German authorities expressed in the first months of the occupation to link the future of the Vilnius region with Poland. The Poles of Vilnius, dominating in the structures of the civil administration, hoped for a liberal system of government, similar to that of occupied ethnic Poland. However, in the late autumn of 1915, at the initiative of the highest German military command in the East, a special administrative formation, the Oberost, began to be created, which was to become an economic and military colony of Germany. The Vilnius region was also to be part of it. From then on, the creation of the German civil administration began on a purely military basis, with the suppression of the Polish identity and the gradual restriction and pressure on all former local administrative structures, which was fully revealed at the beginning of 1916.

scholarly journals Epistolary genre: «Holy letter» in cross-cultural context

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Plotnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
First World War ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
World War ◽  
Xxth Century ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Cross ◽  
First World ◽  
Corre Spondence

Published letters of Burgenland’s Croats living in Chunovo on the border of Slovakia and Hungary are under consideration from the point of view of the features of the epistolary genre of the early XXth century. The cross-cultural context dictates the use of such lexemes and turns, which were possible only in this particular Slavic region. Against this background, the so-called “heavenly letter” stands out, which is a letter-amulet written on the eve of the First World War by a soldier and sent to his loved ones. The genre features of this letter are very different from the entire corre-spondence, which allows us to consider this text in a num-ber of so-called “Holy letters”.

Ibsen and the Repertory System: Peer Gynt on the German Stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-159
Author(s):  
JENS-MORTEN HANSSEN
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Mise En Scene ◽  
Production History ◽  
History Of ◽  
First World

Henrik Ibsen's Peer Gynt remained a rarely performed play throughout the author's lifetime. It was not until around the outbreak of the First World War that stage productions of the play began to proliferate. This article examines the pre-1945 production history of the play in the light of a concept that signifies a particular way of composing a repertoire, the repertory system. It was first and foremost prominent stages in Germany that paved the way for Peer Gynt to become incorporated into this system, leading to an exponential growth in the number of stage events. The production history illustrates how plays that are performed over a long period of time question the notion of production as a fixed mise en scène. Supporting Linda Hutcheon's argument about adaptation as a continuous process, the productions examined here demonstrate that there was no such thing as a standard way to adapt Peer Gynt for the stage.

The impact of war on French and German political cultures

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Prost
Keyword(s):  
Strong Relationship ◽  
First World War ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
The Core ◽  
The First World War ◽  
War Experience ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First World

I would like to discuss George Mosse's excellent and stimulating book, Fallen soldiers, mainly from a French point of view, and to comment upon some issues about the political and moral consequences of the First World War upon French and German societies.The core of the question is Mosse's assumption of a strong relationship between the war experience and the emergence of nazism in Germany. Hence, I shall examine first the reasons why, in Mosse's argument, Hitlerism appears as a consequence of the war. Then I ask why such an evolution did not happen in France, although the war experience was quite similar in the two countries.

scholarly journals PROPAGANDA CAMPAIGN AT THE SOUTH-WESTERN FRONT OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR: ANALYSIS OF HISTORIOGRAPHY

2018 ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
Олександр Вікторович Мосієнко
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
First World War ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Information Warfare ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

Modernity alongside with new technologies development, fundamental changes in the printing industry and informatization of society presented the mankind with such an invention as propaganda. It became an integral part of authoritarian and totalitarian political regimes of the XXth century. However, as a tool of consciousness manipulation, it was actively used by the empires during the "long" XIXth century. In the conditions of the First World War propaganda played a significant role in the mobilization processes and in the formation of the enemy's image. The article attempts to assess the effectiveness of the propaganda during the First World War. The article examines the researches that analyze the events of the war from the point of view of Soviet, modern Ukrainian and foreign historiography and contain descriptions of the propaganda campaign on the front line and in the rear. The state of modern historical research is highlighted and the prospects of further research are indicated. The study of the experience of the First World War and the information component of the fighting can be useful, given the fact that the Russian Federation today uses ideological stamps of that period.The analysis of existing studies on the issues of the First World War in general and its propaganda component in particular proves an increasing interest in the investigation of information warfare topic. Since 2014, the number of studies devoted to the First World War has increased in domestic and foreign research. The Ukrainian regions were a part of Austria-Hungary and Russia, so the usage of the Ukrainian national question in the propaganda of those states was significant. However, the issue of the propaganda war between the two empires is not covered comprehensively.The first study on this subject was of general practical character. The first foreign scholars who examined propaganda were mass communication specialists. For Soviet historical science, the priority task was to study the revolutionary events of 1917 and the period of the civil war. The events of 1914-1918 were interpreted only as an imperialist war, their study was conducted tendentiously. Modern historiography on the First World War reflects the main directions of the European historical school at the beginning of the XXIst century with a focus on social and socio-cultural history. Foreign historiography is represented by Russian, European and American authors. In their research considerable attention is paid to the topic of military psychology and cultural-anthropological aspects of war. The analysis of the extent of the given problem research in the studies of foreign historians suggests a sufficient level of its investigation. Modern historians pay much attention to the ideological aspect, the analysis of visual propaganda. The interest in considering the mechanisms for the formation of images of the enemy, its state and allies increased. A promising object of historical research is the study of the verbal and nonverbal aspects of the propaganda production of both empires.

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