scholarly journals From Progress to Happiness: Measurements for Latin America

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-112
Author(s):  
Sary Levy-Carciente ◽  
Luis Mauricio Phélan ◽  
Jhoner Perdomo
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Liberal Philosophy ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Latin American Countries

AbstractThis paper is based on a transformed concept of development: from a concept of development that is single-dimensional, concrete, and mainly quantitative, into one that is multidimensional. We focus on the components of development, the measurement of which includes qualitative observations of its effect on final beneficiaries. Because a useful understanding of development policies requires an evaluation of all the different metrics that emerge, we evaluate the development indices of 19 Latin American countries. The most recent theoretical perspectives link development to both liberal philosophy - focusing on the many dimensions of human society and the fundamental rights of the individual - and utilitarianism - emphasizing an evaluation of the success of various development policies and the usefulness of their outcomes.

scholarly journals Cyber Security and Habeas Data: The Latin American response to information security and data protection

OASIS ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Parraguez Kobek ◽  
Erick Caldera
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Information Security ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Financial Giving

Habeas Data is not a commonly known concept, yet it is widely acknowledged in certain circles that deal with information security and data protection. Though it has been around for decades, it has recently gained momentum in Latin America. It is the legal notion that protects any and all information pertaining to the individual, from personal to financial, giving them the power to decide how and where such data can be used. At the same time, most Latin American countries have created laws that protect individuals if their  information is misused. This article examines the concept of Habeas Data from its inception to its current applications, and explains the different approaches and legislations passed in Latin American countries on data protection due to the rise of global cybercrime.

Axial spondyloarthritis in Latin America

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Percival Sampaio-Barros ◽  
Rafael Valle-Oñate
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
The Many ◽  
Latin American Countries

Latin American countries are often characterized by a significant miscegenation among whites, blacks, and Amerindians. These heterogeneous populations frequently represent a challenge for the design of studies analysing the genetics, incidence, and prevalence of rheumatic diseases. In this setting, axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) frequently shows an increased associated peripheral involvement, compared with the homogeneous population. Genetic and socioeconomic factors can be associated with this clinical presentation, although further studies are necessary to confirm this hypothesis. Regarding treatment, Latin American spondyloarthritis (SpA) patients also show a higher prescription of corticosteroids, methotrexate, and sulfasalazine than European series. This chapter presents and discusses the many aspects related to the presentation of axSpA in Latin America.

Key factors in tourism management to improve competitiveness in Latin America

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manuel Guaita Martínez ◽  
Paula Serdeira Azevedo ◽  
José María Martín Martín ◽  
Rosa María Puertas Medina
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Distance Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Synthetic Indicator ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Latin American Countries

PurposeThis paper analyzes tourism competitiveness in Latin America, providing a country-level ranking of tourism competitiveness. The study also identifies which areas of management to focus on in order to increase competitiveness in each case.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on the variables used by the World Economic Forum (WEF) to measure tourism competitiveness. The DP2 distance method is used to create a synthetic indicator. This method helps identify which areas best explain differences in competitiveness between countries.FindingsIn tourism, the most competitive Latin American countries are Costa Rica, Chile, Panama, Mexico and Uruguay. The areas that best explain the differences between countries relate to cultural and natural resources, the implementation of information and communication technologies (ICTs), international openness and transport infrastructure. These are therefore priority areas for tourism managers.Practical implicationsThis paper provides detailed analysis for each country. The situation in each country is presented in terms of the key areas highlighted by the analysis. This approach can aid the individual decisions of companies and public managers, thus enhancing tourism competitiveness. This greater competitiveness can strengthen the tourism sector, which is crucial in uncertain times.Originality/valueBased on a synthetic indicator, this research offers the first country-level analysis of tourism competitiveness in Latin America. The study is also novel in its ability to detect the areas where action should be taken to improve tourism competitiveness. This analysis offers an alternative to the WEF Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI), which has certain weaknesses. The results can help enhance tourism competitiveness in Latin American countries through the specific recommendations presented in this paper.

scholarly journals Konstytucyjne podstawy wolności religijnej w wybranych państwach Europy i Ameryki Łacińskiej

2018 ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Marta Osuchowska ◽  
Aleksandra Syryt
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Dimension ◽  
Latin American Countries

The constitutional basis for religious freedom in selected countries in Europe and Latin AmericaReligion helps man keep his own identity. It enables him to participate in a common heritage. The study provides the constitutional basis for religious freedom in the individual dimension in selected countries in Europe and Latin America. The authors discuss the provisions on religious freedom enshrined in the constitutions of Italy, Spain and Portugal, as well as Argentina, Chile and Colombia.The analysis leads to the conclusion that religious freedom is a human right protected both in the constitutions of European countries as well as in the constitutions of Latin American countries.The inclusion of the provisions on religious freedom in the individual dimension in the constitutions is due to certain similarities of the system of European and Latin American. Common features of both systems is that Europe and Latin America belong to the so-called Western civilization. The legal systems of Latin American countries formed primarily on the basis of Roman law.Although the wording of the provisions on religious freedom in the individual dimension in the constitutions of Latin American countries is similar to the editorial rules of the constitution states of Europe, in practice there are other ways to implement this freedom and guarantees its protection. 

Digital Resources: Latin America in Gallica

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Dessens
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Reading Proficiency ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Latin American History ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Many ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Personal Collection

Gallica, the digital library of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France, was launched in 1997. The library contains almost five million documents (manuscripts, books, journals, newspapers, maps, iconographic documents, and recordings), many of which are connected to Latin America, offering rich perspectives on the relationships between France and Latin American countries across the centuries. The many travel narratives, testimonies, essays, photographs, and maps available provide rich insight into French perception of Latin America from the early 16th century to the mid-20th century. Although Gallica’s collection of manuscripts on Latin America is not plentiful, one of its main goals is to provide easy access to rare French books printed centuries ago, of which not many copies are available today and which are rarely present in other digital libraries. The richest collection is probably on Brazil, since Gallica has organized a special collection titled “France-Brésil” which provides access to the rich personal collection of books and manuscripts of the first French historian of Brazil, Ferdinand Denis (1798–1890), among other treasures. Gallica has undeniable value for researchers specialized in Latin American history, although working on its collections requires at least reading proficiency in French as the vast majority of the accessible resources are in French.

Administrative Procedure and Judicial Review in Latin America

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
Allan Brewer-Carias
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Administrative Procedure ◽  
Administrative Action ◽  
Administrative Act ◽  
Administrative Jurisdiction ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Latin American Countries

This chapter explains administrative procedure and judicial review in Latin America. Judicial review of administrative action has been constitutionalised in many Latin American countries, like Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela, and has been the object of special laws regulating the jurisdiction. According to the Constitutions and to the laws regulating the contentious administrative jurisdiction in Latin America, all administrative provisions are subjected to judicial review as it is not possible for any administrative act to escape judicial control. Therefore, the principle applicable is the universal character of the judicial oversight of constitutionality and unlawfulness regarding regulations and administrative acts, which is exercised by the Courts without exception. In almost all Latin American countries, the rules of administrative procedure are regulated through special Administrative Procedure Lasw (APLs), which began to be sanctioned in 1972 (Argentina). In all cases where the courts find that a challenged administrative act infringes the fundamental rights of an individual or corporation, or does not meet the fundamental standards of administrative propriety and fairness, the courts of the contentious administrative jurisdiction in all Latin American countries have the power not only to annul the challenged act but, depending on the nature of the claim filed by the plaintiff, the courts can also award damages for the administrative action.

scholarly journals Motivaciones políticas y sociales del renovado interés por la filosofía de la liberación y otras concepciones afines

2018 ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Enrique Del Percio
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Chicago School ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Philosophy Of Liberation ◽  
The Individual

Se analizan algunos factores política y socialmente relevantes que dan cuenta de la recuperación de concepciones relacionales del individuo y la sociedad, tales como las expresadas en la filosofía de la liberación, la filosofía andina, el pensamiento decolonial y otras constelaciones teóricas de matriz latinoamericana. Frente al intento del neoliberalismo de construcción de un sujeto empresario de sí mismo que se vincula con los demás en términos de competencia, surge como respuesta en Latinoamérica en general y en Argentina en particular un renovado interés por estudiar y aplicar desarrollos teóricos que privilegian una concepción del sujeto y la subjetividad como una construcción derivada de la primacía de la relación por sobre la sustancia como categoría fundacional de la realidad. Si bien esto concuerda con tendencias similares presentes en otras latitudes, en Latinoamérica se da con características propias, entre otras razones por haber sido en los países del sur de la región en donde primero se pusieron en práctica las propuestas de la escuela de Chicago.This paper analyses some relevant political and social factors that give an account of the interest in relational conceptions of the individual and society, such as those expressed in the philosophy of liberation, Andean philosophy, decolonial thought and other theoretical perspectives that show a Latin American matrix. In contrast to the conception of the subject as an entrepreneur of himself who interacts with others in terms of competition, a renewed interest in studying and using theoretical approaches that privilege a conception of the subject and subjectivity as a construction derived from the primacy of the relation over the substance, understood as a founding category of reality, is becoming relevant in Latin American in general and, particularly, in Argentina. Although this process is consistent with similar tendencies in other parts of the world, it has distinctive characteristics in Latin America because, among other reasons, the agenda of the Chicago School was first introduced and implemented in the southern countries of the region.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Mortality Rate and Its Incidence in Latin America: Dependence on Demographic and Economic Variables

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6900
Author(s):  
Javier Cifuentes-Faura
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Quality Infrastructure

The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has left millions infected and dead around the world, with Latin America being one of the most affected areas. In this work, we have sought to determine, by means of a multiple regression analysis and a study of correlations, the influence of population density, life expectancy, and proportion of the population in vulnerable employment, together with GDP per capita, on the mortality rate due to COVID-19 in Latin American countries. The results indicated that countries with higher population density had lower numbers of deaths. Population in vulnerable employment and GDP showed a positive influence, while life expectancy did not appear to significantly affect the number of COVID-19 deaths. In addition, the influence of these variables on the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 was analyzed. It can be concluded that the lack of resources can be a major burden for the vulnerable population in combating COVID-19 and that population density can ensure better designed institutions and quality infrastructure to achieve social distancing and, together with effective measures, lower death rates.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in Latin America: a first glance to the mortality

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nubia Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Death Toll ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The Us ◽  
Latin American Countries

It is too early to know which will be the final death toll from the Covid-19 or SARS-CoV-2 virus epidemy in Latin America since the epidemy is still active and we will not know when it will end. The curve for new infections and deaths has not reached yet a peak (Figure 1). In addition, we know little about the epidemiology of this new virus. The daily litany of the number of people infected with the number of admissions to hospitals and intensive care units and the number of deaths guides health authorities to plan health services and politicians to gauge the degree of confinement necessary to control the transmission of the virus, but it says little about the magnitude of the problem if we do not relate it to the population at risk. At the end of the pandemic, we will be able to estimate age-standardized death rates for the different countries, but until then the crude death rates will provide a first glance or snapshot of the death toll and impact of the pandemic from March to May 2020. These rates are well below those estimated in other countries in Europe and North America: Belgium (82.6), Spain (58.0), the United Kingdom (57.5), Italy (55.0), France (42.9), Sweden (41.4), and the US (30.7). (Johns Hopkins CSSE, May 30, 2020). However, in the European countries and the US the number of deaths has reached a peak, while this is not the case in Latin American countries. (Figure 1). It should be taken into account that the above rates are crude and therefore, some of the differences could be due to the fact that European countries have a larger proportion of the population over 70 years of age in whom higher mortality rates have been reported.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document