scholarly journals MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BOTTOM ASH – DREDGED MATERIAL MIXTURES IN LABORATORY TESTS

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lech Bałachowski ◽  
Zbigniew Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Void Ratio ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Dredged Material ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Proctor Test

Abstract Bottom ash from EC Gdańsk and dredged material taken from the mouth of The Vistula were mixed to form an engineering material used for dike construction. Mixtures with different bottom ash content were tested in laboratory to determine its basic physical and mechanical properties. The optimum bottom ash-dredged material mixture, built in the corps of the test dike, contains 70% of ash. The optimum bottom ash content in the mixture was chosen taking into account high internal friction angle, good compaction and reduced filtration coefficient. The maximum dry density of the mixtures was measured in Proctor test for the mixtures formed in laboratory and on samples taken from the test dike. Minimum and maximum void ratio were also determined.

scholarly journals The Influence of Kaolinite - Illite toward mechanical properties of Claystone

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 440-446
Author(s):  
Supandi Supandi ◽  
Zufialdi Zakaria ◽  
Emi Sukiyah ◽  
Adjat Sudradjat
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Void Ratio ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Triaxial Tests ◽  
Mineralogical Characteristics

Abstract This study investigates the relationship between clay minerals (kaolinite and illite) and rock properties of the claystone, including both mechanical (cohesion, friction angle, stress, and strain) and physical properties (natural water content, void ratio, and wet density), belonging to Warukin Formation of Kalimantan, Indonesia. Mineralogical characteristics of these rocks were studied using petrological and X-ray diffraction techniques, whereas the mechanical and physical properties were tested by conducting uniaxial and triaxial tests. Relationship among the variables was determined using correlation coefficients. It was observed that the mineralogy of the rocks pose strong constraints on their engineering properties. The results showed that an increase in illite content decreases cohesion, friction angle, strength, and safety factor; and increases natural moisture content, void ratio, and wet density. Although illite content of these rocks was just about 10.8% of the total minerals, it has significantly contributed to the modification of physical and mechanical properties. In contrast, kaolinite did not have a significant impact; since the correlation between various parameters was significantly low (correlation coefficient was much less, <0.3). Therefore while selecting the materials for geotechnical engineering applications, illite emerges as a safer alternative to kaolinite, especially when its concentration is less than 10.8% of the total rock mass.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Physical Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Diatomite Soil in Zhejiang Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 387
Author(s):  
Lei Gao ◽  
Yi Luo ◽  
Yingeng Kang ◽  
Mingjun Gao ◽  
Omar Abdulhafidh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Engineering Project ◽  
Geotechnical Tests

Diatomite soil is a kind of bio-siliceous soil with complex composition and special structure, the physical and mechanical properties of diatomite soil are very important for the engineering project. In this paper, the physical properties, mechanical properties, and microstructure of diatomite soil in Zhejiang Province are studied by geotechnical tests and microscopic tests from the macroscopic and microscopic perspective. The results show that: (1) The diatomite soil has special properties different from other soils, including small particle size, low specific gravity value, high liquid-plastic limit, and low compressibility, and the strength indexes c and φ of diatomite soil will decrease with an increase in soil water content; (2) in the triaxial test, when the dry density of diatomite soil increases from 1.30 g/cm3 to 1.50 g/cm3, the effective internal friction angle of diatomite soil increases from 5.6° to 14.5° and the effective cohesion increases from 30.9 kPa to 49.6 kPa. The stress–strain curve of diatomite soil changes from weak softening type to weak hardening type when the confining pressure is above 200 kPa; (3) the diatomite soil has high porosity due to its unique microstructure; it is rich in aluminum oxides and minerals, which will greatly reduce the engineering performance of diatomite soil.

scholarly journals Experimental Research on Microstructure and Physical-Mechanical Properties of Expansive Soil Stabilized with Fly Ash, Sand, and Basalt Fiber

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin-yong Ma ◽  
Zi-ming Cao ◽  
Pu Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Optimum Moisture Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Sand Content ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Stabilized Soil

Expansive soil is a source of risk to the foundations or subgrade engineering. Stabilization of expansive soil is imperative for practical engineering. A series of laboratory experiments were performed to analyze the physical-mechanical properties and microstructures of stabilized soil. Three stabilizers used in this study are fly ash, sand, and basalt fiber. Different percentages of fly ash (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%), sand (0, 8, 16, and 24%), and basalt fiber (0 and 0.4%) were added by weight into natural soil. Experimental results indicate that the optimum moisture content of stabilized soil increases with the increase of fly ash content for a given sand content, whereas the maximum dry density shows a decreasing trend. The variation trend of optimum moisture content and maximum dry density turns reverse with the increase of sand content for a given fly ash content. Plasticity index is decreased by both increasing fly ash content and sand content. It is found that the maximum unconfined compressive strength and optimum growth rate of strength are obtained by selected mixtures of 10% fly ash, 8% sand, and 0.4% basalt fiber contents. As the analysis of complementary effect suggests, most of the mixt treatments applied in this study have produced good results associated with the strength enhancement of expansive soil. In line with the results of SEM tests, the connection among clay particles has been enhanced through the generation of hydration products (C-S-H and AFt) of fly ash. The filling effect of sand has increased the integrality and compactness of stabilized soil. Moreover, the gripping effect between fibers and soil particles notably improves the strength of stabilized soil. The effect of sand on reinforced soil with 0.4% basalt fiber increases the interfacial force between fibers and soil particles.

Anatomical, Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Fast-Growing Populus × Euramericana cv. ‘74/76’

IAWA Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Rongjun ◽  
Yao Chunli ◽  
Cheng Xianbao ◽  
Lu Jianxiong ◽  
Fei Benhua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Large Growth

The anatomical characteristics, chemical composition, and physical and mechanical properties of fast-growing Populus × euramericana cv. ‘74/76’ juvenile wood were investigated. Four- to five-year-old clonal plantation trees were harvested from two different experimental sites in the suburbs of Beijing. The Shunyi site had black alkali soil with a planting density of 4 × 6 m and the Miyun site had sandy loam soil with a planting density of 3 × 5 m. The test results showed that the poplar trees from the two sites were both fast growing, with poplar at Shunyi growing faster than at Miyun. There were no significant differences in wood properties between trees grown at the two sites. Fiber length at breast height varied from 872 to 1300 μm between growth rings, average fiber width varied from 21.0 to 25.5 μm and double wall thickness varied from 5.0 to 6.6 μm. Average cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose contents in the samples were 48.9%, 25.4%, and 18.8%, respectively. MFA was higher in the first two growth rings (20–25°), and then decreased rapidly to 12° close to the bark. The average air-dry density at breast height was 401 kg/m3 while the average MOE at breast height was 9.3 GPa. The trees showed large growth rates in both height and stem diameter during the growing season. However, wood properties of the juvenile poplar appeared to be similar to those of poplars with a slower growth rate.

scholarly journals Determination and quality classification of rock mass of the Diatomite mine, Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Abdessattar LAMAMRA ◽  
◽  
Dmitriy Leonidovich NEGURITSA ◽  
Samir BEDR ◽  
Ariant A. REKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rock Mass ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
Dilatancy Angle ◽  
Mining Work

Reserch relaevance. Most ground movements are generally due to rock instability, this natural phenomenon poses a risk to humanity. The properties of the rock mass directly influence the type of movement especially in underground structures. Research aim. Our goal is to characterize and classify the rock mass of diatomite from the sig mine using geomechanical classification systems such as the RQD and RMR in order to determine the quality of the rocks in the sig mine Western Algeria from the determination of the physical and mechanical properties. Methodology. In this article, the characterization analysis of the diatomite rock mass of the sig mine was carried out. First, determinations of the physical properties and carried out the triaxial test to determine the mechanical properties (young’s modulus, the friction angle, the dilatancy angle, the cohesion, the poisson’s ratio). Secondly to classify the deposit and give a recommendation to avoid stability problems. Research results. The results from physical and mechanical analyzes, it can be said that the nature of the rock present in the diatomite (underground mine) does not have enough resistance. Conclusion. Our study definitively proves that the rock mass of sig diatomite is of very low quality and it will be very dangerous for the underground mining work of the mine especially in places where the mineralized layer is very deep. And we suggest to replace the mining technique room and pillar currently used in the diatomite mine and put another mining method which includes roof support system to ensure the safety both of the miners and the equipment.

scholarly journals Effect of waterlogging on physical and mechanical properties of Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. tree

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Elias ◽  
AK Das ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MA Islam
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Waterlogged Area ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Samanea Saman

This research intends to explore the mechanical and physical properties of waterlogged rain tree (Samanea saman). The variation of mechanical and physical wood properties grown in waterlogged and non-waterlogged area were studied. Four trees of the species were selected from two areas. Important mechanical and physical properties were examined for the wood of two types of trees Oven dry density for the wood of waterlogged tree was 420 kg/m3 whether it was 550 kg/m3 for the wood of non-waterlogged tree. The MOR of wood of waterlogged tree was 58.2 N/mm2 and wood of non-waterlogged tree produced 78.1 N/mm2. The MOE of the wood of waterlogged tree and non-waterlogged tree were 1478 and 4876 N/mm2. The physical and mechanical properties were lower for the wood of waterlogged tree. Such findings may in proper uses of the species.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 52(1), 49-52, 2017

scholarly journals Assessment of the Mechanical Properties of Sisal Fiber-Reinforced Silty Clay Using Triaxial Shear Tests

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yankai Wu ◽  
Yanbin Li ◽  
Bin Niu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Shear Fracture ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Shear Tests ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Sisal Fibers

Fiber reinforcement is widely used in construction engineering to improve the mechanical properties of soil because it increases the soil’s strength and improves the soil’s mechanical properties. However, the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced soils remain controversial. The present study investigated the mechanical properties of silty clay reinforced with discrete, randomly distributed sisal fibers using triaxial shear tests. The sisal fibers were cut to different lengths, randomly mixed with silty clay in varying percentages, and compacted to the maximum dry density at the optimum moisture content. The results indicate that with a fiber length of 10 mm and content of 1.0%, sisal fiber-reinforced silty clay is 20% stronger than nonreinforced silty clay. The fiber-reinforced silty clay exhibited crack fracture and surface shear fracture failure modes, implying that sisal fiber is a good earth reinforcement material with potential applications in civil engineering, dam foundation, roadbed engineering, and ground treatment.

Some Physical and Mechanical Properties of Garlic

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel H. Bahnasawy
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Contact Surface ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Length Width

The physical parameter results showed that the garlic geometric and arithmetic mean diameters ranged from 2.53 to 4.93, and 2.53 to 5.02 cm, respectively according to the bulb size categories. The cloves' length, width and thickness were 1.92 to 2.91, 0.78 to 1.32, and 0.69 to 0.99 cm, respectively. The surface and cross-sectional of areas ranged from 53.31 to 136.4 and 29.1 to 128.4 cm2, respectively. The number of cloves ranged from 18 to 51/bulb according to the bulbs size categories. Bulk density, repose angle and coefficient of contact surface values ranged from 892 to 1007 kg/m3, 41.52 to 45.04º, and 0.91 to 1.12, respectively, according to the bulb size categories.The chemical properties showed that the emptying (friction) angle ranged from 23.25 to 28.82º, where small bulbs recorded the highest values on the concrete surfaces, while the lowest values were recorded by the large bulbs on the iron surfaces. The friction coefficient decreased with increasing bulb size, where it was the highest (0.8) for the small bulbs on the concrete surfaces; on the other hand, the lowest values (0.36) were recorded for the large bulbs on the iron surfaces. The crushing load of the cloves ranged from 55.6 to 155.0 N, depending on the bulb size. The force required for loosening the cloves from the bulb ranged from 110 to 272 and 101 to 320 N on the horizontal and vertical positions of the bulbs.

scholarly journals Sustainable Improvement of Expansive Clays Using Xanthan Gum as a Biopolymer

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 1893-1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayaprakash Reddy Joga ◽  
B.J.S. Varaprasad
Keyword(s):  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Direct Shear Tests ◽  
Sustainable Improvement ◽  
Curing Period ◽  
Proctor Test ◽  
Gum Content

In this study, Biopolymers are used as an attempt to create sustainable environment by eliminating the negative environmental impacts of using traditional admixtures in soil stabilization. Xanthan Gum is used as a biopolymer to treat expansive soil. A series of tests like, Standard Proctor Test, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), One-Dimensional Consolidation and Standard Direct Shear tests were conducted on virgin soil and biopolymer (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5%) treated soils. The results revels that by addition of biopolymer content Maximum Dry Density (MDD) of soil decreases and Optimum Water Content (OMC) increases. The UCS value is increased by 4 times for the addition of 1% xanthan gum to soil for 28 day curing period. Compressibility of soil is deceased by 65% for 28day curing period. Shear parameters of treated soil shows improvement with addition of xanthan gum content. For further examination, SEM analyses were conducted on the tested samples and revealed that the soil fabric had white lumps and pores in the soil structure were filled with cementitious gel. Moreover, the resistance towards shear and compressibility of treated samples increased with curing times. Therefore, use of Xanthan Gum for soil stabilization is a solution for eco-friendly soil stabilizing material.

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