scholarly journals Fear of Relationship Loss: Attachment Style as a Vulnerability Factor in Job Burnout

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-154
Author(s):  
Andreja Pšeničny ◽  
Mitja Perat
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Work Addiction ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
Addiction Risk ◽  
Burnout Risk ◽  
Preoccupied Attachment

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between attachment styles and various burnout risk groups (“relaxed”, “wornout”, “challenged” and “burnout”) and whether attachment styles suitably discriminate between individual burnout risk groups.MethodThe study involved 2,320 participants (1,668 women and 652 men), who completed an adrenal burnout syndrome questionnaire, a performance-based self esteem scale, a work addiction risk test and a relationship questionnaire.ResultsA one-way analysis of variance confirmed attachment style differences between burnout risk groups. The challenged and burnout groups differed from the relaxed and wornout groups by having a significantly lower secure attachment style score and a higher insecure (avoidant and preoccupied) attachment style score. The canonical discriminant analysis showed that the predictors (secure, preoccupied and avoidant attachment styles) can be used to appropriately classify 85.4% of respondents in the predicted burnout risk groups.ConclusionThe study confirmed the hypothesis that two insecure attachment styles (i.e. avoidant and preoccupied) predominate in the challenged and burnout groups, and that a secure attachment style predominates in the relaxed and wornout groups. Burnout syndrome can thus be conceived as the result of excessive and compulsive efforts to retain a relationship that is perceived as insecure or to reduce (excessive) fear of losing this relationship.

Attachment and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning in patients with eating disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S551-S552 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Monaco ◽  
A.M. Monteleone ◽  
F. Pellegrino ◽  
V. Ruzzi ◽  
G. Fico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Response System ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
Stress Response System ◽  
Hpa Axis Functioning

IntroductionAttachment theory suggests that different attachment styles influence the development of individual's self-esteem and modulate the individual's ability to manage stressful events by responding with adequate affective adjustment. High levels of insecure attachment are present in adults with Eating Disorders (EDs).ObjectivesThe variables that mediate the association between attachment style and EDs have not been investigated enough. The possibility exists that the endogenous stress response system is involved.AimsTo appraise the role of the endogenous stress response system, we studied the effect of attachment styles on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning in ED patients.MethodsFifty- two women with EDs and 25 healthy women completed the ECR questionnaire to assess their attachment style. Saliva samples were taken in the morning to measure the Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR). Moreover, the saliva cortisol response to the Trier-Social-Stress-Test (TSST) was measured in 30 ED patients and 15 healthy controls.ResultsPatients with avoidant attachment showed an increased CAR compared to both healthy controls and to patients with anxious and secure attachment styles. In the initial TSST phase, cortisol levels decreased in the secure attachment group but not in patients with avoidant attachment. In the TSST stress response phase, the cortisol raise was higher in insecure patients and delayed in avoidant ones.ConclusionsIn adults with EDs, attachment styles affect the HPA axis functioning and this could have a role in the pathophysiology of EDs.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Model of the Relationships between Supervising Working Alliance, Counseling Self-Esteem and Attachment Styles

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Ahmad Al- Shraifin
Keyword(s):  
Working Alliance ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Counseling Students ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
Indirect Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

The study aimed to explore the causal relationships between supervising working alliance, counseling self-esteem and attachment styles through a causal model adopting a path analysis method. The study sample consisted of 289 counseling students at Yarmouk University. Three scales were administered to measure the supervising working alliance, self-esteem and attachment styles.  Results showed a direct relationship between avoidant attachment styles and supervising working alliance, and an indirect relationship with counseling self-esteem. There was a direct relationship between secure attachment style, supervising working alliance and counseling self-esteem; and between supervising working alliance and counseling self-esteem.  In addition, direct and indirect relationships were evident between avoidant attachment style and special relationship domain of supervising working alliance and counseling self-esteem; whereas it affected client focus domain with a direct relationship. Direct relationships also were evident between secure attachment styles, the relationship domain and self-focus domain.  

scholarly journals Prevalence of a Forgivingness Tolerance Trait among University Students and its Relationship with Attachment Styles

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Ahmad M. Mahasneh
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
Hashemite University ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Academic Specialization

This study aimed to identify the prevalence of a forgiveness trait among university students and its relationship with attachment styles, and to determine any differences in the extent of forgiveness based on gender, academic specialization and academic level variables. Participants in the study consisted of 784 male and female undergraduate students at the Hashemite University in the academic year 2013-2014, who completed both the attachment styles and forgiveness traits scales. Results indicated a moderate prevalence of the forgiveness trait and no significant differences were found due to gender, while significant differences were found due to academic specialization in favor of humanist specializations and academic level in favor of third and fourth academic levels. Results also indicated that the secure attachment style indicated a positive relationship with the forgiveness trait, whereas no significant relationship was found between the anxious or avoidant attachment styles, and the forgiveness trait.

Positive and Negative Affect, Life Satisfaction, and Coping with Stress by Attachment Styles in Turkish Students

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 480-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Engin Deniz ◽  
Erkan Işik
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Unique Predictor ◽  
Preoccupied Attachment ◽  
And Coping

The purpose was to investigate positive and negative affect, life satisfaction, and coping with stress in relation to attachment styles. Undergraduate students ( N = 421) completed the Relationship Scales Questionnaire, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, the Satisfaction With Life Scale, and the Coping with Stress Scale. Results indicated that secure attachment style was the unique predictor of positive affect while fearful and preoccupied attachment styles significantly predicted negative affect. Regarding life satisfaction, a positive correlation with secure attachment style and a negative correlation with fearful and preoccupied styles were seen. However, the unique predictor of life satisfaction was preoccupied attachment style. In terms of coping with stress, there was no significant association between attachment variables and avoidance coping style, but significant links were observed between problem-focused coping and dismissing, and fearful and preoccupied attachment styles.

scholarly journals Adult Attachment Styles as Predictors of Different Types of Ingroup Identification

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Identification ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
Adult Attachment Styles ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ingroup Identification

The primary goal of the present research was to explore the relationship between adult attachment styles and four different types of identification with social groups. The results confirmed predictions and revealed that particular prototypic attachment styles are associated with an increase in only certain types of ingroup identification. People with secure attachment style had higher social identification than people with a dismissive-avoidant attachment style. Participants with secure attachment style showed higher communal identification than participants who had either a dismissive-avoidant or a fearful-avoidant attachment style. These findings supported the idea that relationship attachment style has an important effect on the way people identify with their social groups and can serve as a predictor of preferred type of ingroup identity

scholarly journals Interrelation of attachment style and communicative reactions to jealousy: sexual likeness and differences

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-133
Author(s):  
I.A. Fourmanov
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Sexual Differences ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Affective Expression ◽  
Working Models ◽  
Internal Working ◽  
The People ◽  
Preoccupied Attachment

The attachment theory assumes that internal working models can affect propensity to test jealousy. Studying of sexual variability of jealousy reactions gives possibility to study attachment styles differences as the jealousy is one of the strongest experiences of the people tested in close interpersonal relations. The hypothesis about existence of sexual differences in relations of attachment styles and ways of expression of jealousy has been put forward. Techniques «The Adult Attachment Scale» and «Communicative reactions to jealousy» were used. 507 persons have taken part in research (242 men, 265 women). Without dependence from sex individuals with secure attachment style distinguishes propensity to integrative communications, with dismissing attachment style — preference of compensatory actions, with the preoccupied attachment style — use of strategies of negative affective expression, distributive communications and avoiding. For individuals with fearful attachment style there is a strict sexual differentiation. In communicative reactions to jealousy considerable sexual differences are found out in individuals with various attachment styles.

scholarly journals Prevalence of a Forgivingness Tolerance Trait among University Students and its Relationship with Attachment Styles

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Ahmad M. Mahasneh
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
Hashemite University ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Academic Specialization

This study aimed to identify the prevalence of a forgiveness trait among university students and its relationship with attachment styles, and to determine any differences in the extent of forgiveness based on gender, academic specialization and academic level variables. Participants in the study consisted of 784 male and female undergraduate students at the Hashemite University in the academic year 2013-2014, who completed both the attachment styles and forgiveness traits scales. Results indicated a moderate prevalence of the forgiveness trait and no significant differences were found due to gender, while significant differences were found due to academic specialization in favor of humanist specializations and academic level in favor of third and fourth academic levels. Results also indicated that the secure attachment style indicated a positive relationship with the forgiveness trait, whereas no significant relationship was found between the anxious or avoidant attachment styles, and the forgiveness trait.

Interactive Influences of Narcissism and Self-Esteem on Insecure Attachment in Early Adolescence

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 966-987
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Menon ◽  
Harriet C. A. Moyes ◽  
Christina M. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
Relationship Partners ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Preoccupied Attachment

We hypothesized that in adolescence, maladaptive narcissism interacts with low self-esteem to predict a preoccupied attachment style ( attachment for self-affirmation hypothesis), and with high self-esteem to predict an avoidant attachment style ( attachment for self-enhancement hypothesis). We expected gender differences in narcissistic adolescents’ attachment strategies, with girls more likely to be motivated to self-affirm, and boys more likely to self-enhance. Early adolescents in England ( N = 306, 156 girls, 150 boys, [Formula: see text] age = 13.38 years) responded to self-report measures of narcissism, self-esteem, and attachment styles to mother and a friend. Results supported the attachment for self-enhancement hypothesis only. For adolescent boys (but not girls) with high self-esteem, narcissism was associated with higher avoidant attachment toward the mother and a friend. The results suggest that maladaptive narcissism might derail normative separation-individuation processes in adolescent boys, thus contributing to their adoption of an avoidant attachment style with close relationship partners.

Attachment Style and Adjustment to Divorce

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagrario Yárnoz-Yaben
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Negative Affectivity ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Positive Affectivity ◽  
Sample Group ◽  
Preoccupied Attachment

Divorce is becoming increasingly widespread in Europe. In this study, I present an analysis of the role played by attachment style (secure, dismissing, preoccupied and fearful, plus the dimensions of anxiety and avoidance) in the adaptation to divorce. Participants comprised divorced parents (N = 40) from a medium-sized city in the Basque Country. The results reveal a lower proportion of people with secure attachment in the sample group of divorcees. Attachment style and dependence (emotional and instrumental) are closely related. I have also found associations between measures that showed a poor adjustment to divorce and the preoccupied and fearful attachment styles. Adjustment is related to a dismissing attachment style and to the avoidance dimension. Multiple regression analysis confirmed that secure attachment and the avoidance dimension predict adjustment to divorce and positive affectivity while preoccupied attachment and the anxiety dimension predicted negative affectivity. Implications for research and interventions with divorcees are discussed.

scholarly journals ATTACHMENT STYLES AND RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIORS IN ADOLESCENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 928-941
Author(s):  
Walter Odera Owino ◽  
Newton Mukholwe Asakhulu ◽  
Jonathan Muema Mwania ◽  
Rose Mwanza
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancies ◽  
Preoccupied Attachment

Infection with sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancies are risks associated with adolescents’ risky sexual behavior. Mental models of attachment relationships influence behavior and may influence adolescents’ involvement in sexual activities that are risky. This study explored whether attachment styles predicted adolescents’ involvement in risky sexual behavior. A correlational study design was adopted with 367 students from public secondary schools in Nairobi County taking part in the study. The Attachment Styles Questionnaire and Risky Sexual Behavior Scale were used to collect data. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine whether secure, preoccupied, dismissing or fearful attachment styles predicted students’ risky sexual behavior. The study found that preoccupied attachment style and secure attachment style had predictive effects on risky sexual behavior. Preoccupied attachment style was predictive of greater involvement in risky sexual behavior whereas secure attachment style was predictive of less risky sexual behavior. It was evident based on the findings that secure attachment style was protective against risky sexual behavior whereas preoccupied attachment style created vulnerability to risky sexual behavior. It was recommended that special attention should be paid to adolescents with insecure attachment styles in guidance and counseling programs aimed at discouraging adolescents’ risky sexual behavior and parents/guardians should be encouraged to be more nurturing towards their children in order to encourage formation of secure attachment which was protective against risky sexual behavior. Keywords: attachment styles, attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety, secure attachment, risky sexual behavior

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