scholarly journals Employment-adjusted Human Development Index

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Mihci ◽  
Mehmet Tolga Taner ◽  
Bulent Sezen
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Country Rankings ◽  
Development Levels

Abstract Purpose - The current HDI has a limited capacity to reflect the human condition and country rankings in an accurate way. In addition, the main critiques on the HDI suggest that it uses very few or perhaps the wrong indicators in measuring human development levels in countries. This paper aims to investigate whether the inclusion of employment as a criterion in the HDI would yield a different ranking of nations. Design/methodology/approach - In this study, estimates of the proposed Employment-adjusted Human Development Index (E-HDI) are provided for seventy-seven countries for the 2000-2007 period, and comparisons are made both for changes in the human development index (HDI) and rankings over time in each country and for differences between the E-HDI and the UNDP’s HDI across countries. Findings - The experience of a relatively large number of 77 sample countries has offered promising results for the path to improve the current status of the HDI, and hence, to overcome its weakness in terms of ranking of countries. The additional indicator, i.e. employment, improves the explanatory power of the HDI and makes significant contributions to its reliability. Research limitations/implications - The major limitation of the present study has been the lack of data for a number of the human development indicators for the rest of the countries in the world. Practical implications - The employment-adjusted index has great potential to make the HDI more operational. Social implications - By means of E-HDI, the human development performance of the countries can be better evaluated and compared with other countries by using additional information obtained from the employment position of their citizens. Originality/value - This will be the first paper in the literature that incorporates employment into the HDI..

New Indicators and Measurement Methods for Welfare in the Global Economy Era

2022 ◽  
pp. 8-32
Author(s):  
Mikail Kar
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index ◽  
Better Life Index ◽  
Country Rankings

This study discusses the inadequacy of GDP alone as a measure of welfare in the global economic age and examines alternative welfare indicators and measurement methods. This study, which discusses the human development index (HDI), the inequality adjusted human development index (I-HDI), the gender inequality index (GII), the multidimensional poverty index (MPI), the social progress index (SPI), the happy planet index (HPI), the better life index (BLI), the Legatum prosperity index(LPI), the human capital index (HCI), and the ecological footprint (EF) methods, shares the country rankings of these methods and reveals the differences in the results depending on the method. It also draws attention to the differences between the economic size and welfare level by sharing the rankings of the world's 10 largest economies in alternative methods. In addition, the study examines the obstacles to the inability to establish a complete, precise, and generally accepted method of measuring welfare.

scholarly journals Nature's role in sustaining economic development

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1537) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Partha Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Comprehensive Wealth ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Sub Saharan

In this paper, I formalize the idea of sustainable development in terms of intergenerational well-being. I then sketch an argument that has recently been put forward formally to demonstrate that intergenerational well-being increases over time if and only if a comprehensive measure of wealth per capita increases. The measure of wealth includes not only manufactured capital, knowledge and human capital (education and health), but also natural capital (e.g. ecosystems). I show that a country's comprehensive wealth per capita can decline even while gross domestic product (GDP) per capita increases and the UN Human Development Index records an improvement. I then use some rough and ready data from the world's poorest countries and regions to show that during the period 1970–2000 wealth per capita declined in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, even though the Human Development Index (HDI) showed an improvement everywhere and GDP per capita increased in all places (except in sub-Saharan Africa, where there was a slight decline). I conclude that, as none of the development indicators currently in use is able to reveal whether development has been, or is expected to be, sustainable, national statistical offices and international organizations should now routinely estimate the (comprehensive) wealth of nations.

Mediating role of research and development on entrepreneurial activities and growth

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doaa M. Salman
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Development Levels ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate to what extent the level of human development affects the relationships between entrepreneurial activities (EAs) and total factor productivity (TFP). The paper's objectives are threefold. First, it seeks to examine the effect of EA on TFP. Second, it attempts to test for the moderating effect of human development on the relation between EA and TFP, using the generalized methods of moments (GMM), in a panel data across two groups of countries based on their human development index during the period 2000-2008. Third, it tests the causality between TFP, EA, research and development (R&D), unemployment and inflation across countries. Design/methodology/approach – Cross-countries study using a panel GMM for two groups of countries based on their human development index during the period 2000-2008. Findings – Empirical evidence provides that EA have a positive significant relation across countries on TFP in the higher human development levels. The outcomes point toward the role of policies supporting EA as a vital tool to accelerate development and growth via channels such as: better education levels, enhancing R&D, creating more jobs, and stable monetary policy. Research limitations/implications – From the paper limitation is it focusses only on very high human and high human development countries and not studying medium and low-development countries but this limitation is refereed to source of the entrepreneurship data. Practical implications – This paper provides a comparative analysis of the empirical results and presents prospective explanations for the observed relationships between different groups of countries to study the dynamics of change with relative short time series. Originality/value – The study is of value for policy makers of the important relation between levels of development among countries as engine to growth via EA. Moreover, the findings provide a set of policies for governments to undertake tenable actions to accelerate the effectiveness of the institutional setting.

TOPSIS vs. VIKOR

2020 ◽  
pp. 225-250
Author(s):  
Semra Erpolat Taşabat ◽  
Tuğba Kıral Özkan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Vikor Method ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Multidisciplinary Nature ◽  
Development Levels

Evaluating multiple criteria and selecting and/or ranking alternatives is called Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM). These methods which are considered important decision-making tools for decision makers due to their multidisciplinary nature have been developed over the years. As a result, there are many MCDM methods in the literature. In this chapter, TOPSIS and VIKOR, widely used in the literature, will be discussed. The major reason for examining these two methods is that the aggregating function used by both methods is similar because VIKOR method uses linear normalization and TOPSIS method uses vector normalization. The process of the methods is shown on a data set that includes the Human Development Index (HDI) indicators, which have been developed to measure the development levels of countries as well as the unemployment indicator. It was observed that the methods yielded similar results.

scholarly journals A thermoeconomic indicator for the sustainable development with social considerations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umberto Lucia ◽  
Debora Fino ◽  
Giulia Grisolia
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Thermodynamic Quantity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Agenda 21 ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Economic Considerations

AbstractThe United Nations action plan Agenda 21 has represented a milestone toward Sustainable Development. On its 40th Chapter, it is introduced the requirement to dispose of an accurate and continuous collection of information, essential for decision-making. Besides bridging the data gap and improving the information availability, it is highlighted the need to dispose of sustainable development indicators, in order to assess and monitor the performances of countries toward sustainability. In this paper, we develop an improvement of a new indicator, recently introduced linking environmental anthropic footprint and social and industrial targets. Here, we suggest a link with the Income Index, in order to consider also a condition of people well-being. Our results consists in an improvement of the present approaches to sustainability; indeed, we link the socio-economic considerations, quantified by the Income Index and the Human Development Index, to the engineering approach to optimization, introducing the thermodynamic quantity entropy generation, related to irreversibility. In this way, two different new indicators are introduced, the Thermodynamic Income Index and the Thermodynamic Human Development Index, which quantitatively express a new viewpoint, which goes beyond the dichotomy between socio-economic considerations on one hand and engineering and scientific approach to sustainability on the other one. So, the result leads to a unified tool useful for the designing of new policies and interventions for a sustainable development for the next generations.

scholarly journals Business Innovations for Unfolding Stratums of Human Development Indicators: a Worldwide Empirical Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sajjad ◽  
Orangzab ◽  
Muhammad Irfan Chani
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Generalized Methods Of Moments ◽  
Human Skills ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Methods Of Moments

Role of entrepreneurial innovations for human development is still invisible and subject to be investigated. This study uniquely unfolds the stratums of human development indicators caused by the activities of entrepreneurship. For this very purpose, the study utilizes the panel data of human development and entrepreneurship from 129 countries ranging for the years of 2016 to 2018. The human development has been measured through the human development index (HDI), and this data has been accessed from indicators of United nations development program (UNDP). The data of global entrepreneurial innovations (GEI) has been accessed from the global entrepreneurship and development index (GEDI). Both HDI and GEI comprised of composite indexes. GEI is the composite index with three sub-indices and 14 pillars. The three sub-indices are attitudes, abilities and aspiration. Out of 14 pillars opportunity perception, startup skills, risk acceptance, networking and cultural support are associated with attitudes. Opportunity startup, technology absorption, human capital and competition are associated with abilities while production innovation, process innovation, high growth, internationalization and risk capital are associated with aspiration. Although, the data of the HDI index was initially developed since 1990. However, due to non-availability of GEI data, only three years of panel data were included in the study. HDI comprised of three basic dimensions which include the knowledge, standard of living and healthy life. Based on the literature, the study hypothesized that global entrepreneurship positively affects human development worldwide. This proposed relationship was measured through generalized methods of moments through EViews. The data trend had been measured through a scatter diagram, before measuring the specific relationship among the major variables of the study. Through this test, normality of the data ad outliers was also checked. Data dispersion and linearity was checked through the test of standard residuals. After checking the appropriateness of data, parameters of the study were estimated. Results showed a strong and positive correlation between entrepreneurship and human development. By applying generalized methods of moments, the analysis revealed that entrepreneurial innovations could explain the 68 per cent variation in human development. So, it can be safely said that entrepreneurship is an important cause to enhance the capabilities of humans and can ultimately improve HDI worldwide. It is suggested that the nations who want to improve the skills, capabilities and living standards of humans in their respective regions should devise the strategies to promote the entrepreneurial activities. Keywords entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial ventures, human development indicators, global entrepreneurship development index, human development index, human capabilities, human skills, human capital.

scholarly journals RECLASSIFICATION OF COUNTRIES ACCORDING TO HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX: AN APPLICATION WITH ANN AND ANFIS METHODS

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ömer Faruk RENÇBER ◽  
Sinan METE
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Classification Problems ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Technique

Classification problems are frequently encountered in the fields of statistics, econometrics and data mining. Techniques used to solve the problem are changing and developing day by day depending on the technology of the age. For this purpose, besides multivariate statistical techniques, methods based on fuzzy and artificial intelligence are also used today. This study aims to make a comparison between the classification performances of artificial neural network (ANN) from machine learning techniques and Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), which is a combination of ANN and fuzzy logic technique and is based on hybrid learning technique. For this purpose, the countries were classified according to the Human Development Index (HDI) and ANN and ANFIS methods and the results were compared with the HDI. In this context, the HDI of 2015 was measured for 185 countries by using 27 development indicators under eight main topics of health, entrepreneurship, macroeconomics and microeconomics, logistics, trade, social life and natural factors and classification of these countries was estimated. When the analysis results are considered, in economic terms, development is composed of seven factors and eight main subjects according to the estimated index calculated in the study, which is different from the HDI. In terms of statistics, countries have been classified correctly at a rate of 87.5% according to ANN and 91.36% according to ANFIS. In this case, it was observed that the ANFIS method gave better results than ANN.

scholarly journals Penerapan Regresi Nonparametrik Spline dalam Memodelkan Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan Tahun 2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
A. Asmira ◽  
Muhammad Nadjib Bustan ◽  
Muhammad Kasim Aidid
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Nonparametric Regression ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Selection Of

Abstrak. Human development index (HDI) is a measure used in monitoring and evaluating human development. Indicators used to measure HDI consists of three basic components of quality of life that is the life chances, knowledge and decent living standards. Several factors are thought to affect the HDI in the district/city in South Sulawesi province that labor force participation rates, the ratio of school pupils, overcrowding, health facilities, and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). When HDI and these factors are plotted then shows the pattern of data that is not to follow a certain pattern, so that the data can be applied to the nonparametric regression model spline truncated. Selection of the best model seen from the point of knots and the minimum value of GCV. Based on research, the value of the minimum GCV is at three knots point is equal to 5.33 Rated amounting to 80.29%.Keywords: Human development Index, GCV, Nonparametric Regression Spline, Knot Points

scholarly journals HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX OF UKRAINE: INDICATORS AND RATINGS

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Victor Teleshman
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
National Income ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World

The main purpose of the proposed paper is analysis of the current status and general trends of human development of Ukraine and selected indicators characterizing it. The methodology of the research draws upon the system-structural analysis and the methods of comparison, analysis, generalization and synthesis. The descriptive method and the method of scientific systematization were also used. Results. The four main components of the human development paradigm according to the 1995 Human Development Report are described, namely: productivity, equity, sustainability and empowerment. The essence of key indicators included in the system of measuring and monitoring human development is generalized, namely: average life expectancy at birth; the level of knowledge, measured by the average number of years spent on adult education and the expected years of study for first-graders; gross national income per capita in US dollars. The current state of human development in the world is analyzed, a rating of countries with the highest and lowest human development index during 1990-2018 is developed and the main causes of disparities in the level of human development between countries are identified. The countries with the largest increase and decrease in the human development index during the studied years are selected. The place of Ukraine in regional and global rankings is described. The dynamics of the human development index of Ukraine and neighboring countries during 1990-2018 is analyzed. The key issues that led to the economic, financial and political crisis and, consequently, the decline of the human development index in Ukraine since independence, including the global financial crisis of 2008 and the annexation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the occupation of the territory of the eastern regions of the state (Donetsk and Luhansk regions) are highlighted. The scientific novelty consists in the revelation of the actual features of human potential development and its individual indicators in Ukraine and in the world. The dynamics and the current state of development of the components of the human development index of Ukraine are determined. A comparative assessment of the dynamics of human development of Ukraine and neighboring countries is given. The practical significance lies in the fact that the main provisions and conclusions of the paper can be used in further in-depth studies of the problems and prospects of human development in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Status of Human Development in Maharashtra: A District Level Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Nitin Mundhe ◽  
Dhondiram Pawar ◽  
Priyanka Rokade
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Literacy Education ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Choropleth Maps ◽  
Development Group ◽  
Very High ◽  
Level Analysis

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a relative measure of the country’s life expectancy, literacy, education, and living standards. It is a standard measure of wellbeing, especially of child welfare. The present study is an attempt to bring out the inter-district disparities in terms of human development in Maharashtra, applying the human development index method based on the optimal combination of selected human development indicators. Furthermore, to compare the levels of human development between the different districts through choropleth maps. The result shows that two districts are in the less developed category, i.e., Nandurbar and Gadchiroli, and rests of the 33 districts are included in the moderately high and very high human development group.

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