scholarly journals Impact of User Fees in Health Care System on Health Care Consumption

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Krůtilová
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
User Fees ◽  
Regulatory Effect ◽  
Health Care Consumption ◽  
Czech Population ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Care System

Impact of User Fees in Health Care System on Health Care Consumption In comparison to other European countries, it is claimed that the Czech Republic belongs to the countries with higher health care consumption, even if health status does not positively correlate with health care use. Therefore, user fees as a form of patient cost sharing were introduced to regulate health care consumption and to confront the patient with resource scarcity in the health care system as a part of health care reform package in 2008. The goal of the paper is to determine the changes in health care consumption after user fees implementation and evaluate their regulatory effect in a short period of time. The analysis of the changes in health care consumption is made on the basis of data from the largest health insurance company - VZP ČR (60 % of the Czech population). The health care consumption is monitored according to particular types of health care services for particular age groups in years 2007, 2008 and 2009. This analysis identifies the major changes in the consumption after user fees implementation among the observed age groups of Czech population. Furthermore, it is possible to prove the regulatory effect of user fees in a short period of time (2 years).

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemics modeling with SEIR(+CAQH), social distancing, and age stratification. The effect of vertical confinement and release in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wladimir Lyra ◽  
José-Dias do Nascimento ◽  
Jaber Belkhiria ◽  
Leandro de Almeida ◽  
Pedro Paulo M. Chrispim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Nonlinear Differential Equations ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Monte Carlo Algorithm ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Exit Strategy ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Care System

AbstractThe ongoing COVID-19 epidemics poses a particular challenge to low and middle income countries, making some of them consider the strategy of “vertical confinement”. In this strategy, contact is reduced only to specific groups (like age groups) that are at increased risk of severe disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection. We aim to assess the feasibility of this scenario as an exit strategy for the current lockdown in terms of its ability to keep the number of cases under the health care system capacity. We developed a modified SEIR model, including confinement, asymptomatic transmission, quarantine and hospitalization. The population is subdivided into 9 age groups, resulting in a system of 72 coupled nonlinear differential equations. The rate of transmission is dynamic and derived from the observed delayed fatality rate; the parameters of the epidemics are derived with a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. We used Brazil as an example of middle income country, but the results are easily generalizable to other countries considering a similar strategy. We find that starting from 60% horizontal confinement, an exit strategy on May 1st of confinement of individuals older than 60 years old and full release of the younger population results in 400 000 hospitalizations, 50 000 ICU cases, and 120 000 deaths in the 50-60 years old age group alone. The health care system avoids collapse if the 50-60 years old are also confined, but our model assumes an idealized lockdown where the confined are perfectly insulated from contamination, so our numbers are a conservative lower bound. Our results discourage confinement by age as an exit strategy.

scholarly journals Peer Support in Mental Health: Literature Review (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reham A Hameed Shalaby ◽  
Vincent I O Agyapong
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Care System

BACKGROUND A growing gap has emerged between people with mental illness and health care professionals, which in recent years has been successfully closed through the adoption of peer support services (PSSs). Peer support in mental health has been variously defined in the literature and is simply known as the help and support that people with lived experience of mental illness or a learning disability can give to one another. Although PSSs date back to several centuries, it is only in the last few decades that these services have formally evolved, grown, and become an integral part of the health care system. Debates around peer support in mental health have been raised frequently in the literature. Although many authors have emphasized the utmost importance of incorporating peer support into the health care system to instill hope; to improve engagement, quality of life, self-confidence, and integrity; and to reduce the burden on the health care system, other studies suggest that there are neutral effects from integrating PSSs into health care systems, with a probable waste of resources. OBJECTIVE In this general review, we aimed to examine the literature, exploring the evolution, growth, types, function, generating tools, evaluation, challenges, and the effect of PSSs in the field of mental health and addiction. In addition, we aimed to describe PSSs in different, nonexhaustive contexts, as shown in the literature, that aims to draw attention to the proposed values of PSSs in such fields. METHODS The review was conducted through a general search of the literature on MEDLINE, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Scopus, Chemical Abstracts, and PsycINFO. Search terms included peer support, peer support in mental health, social support, peer, family support, and integrated care. RESULTS There is abundant literature defining and describing PSSs in different contexts as well as tracking their origins. Two main transformational concepts have been described, namely, intentional peer support and transformation from patients to peer support providers. The effects of PSSs are extensive and integrated into different fields, such as forensic PSSs, addiction, and mental health, and in different age groups and mental health condition severity. Satisfaction of and challenges to PSS integration have been clearly dependent on a number of factors and consequently impact the future prospect of this workforce. CONCLUSIONS There is an internationally growing trend to adopt PSSs within addiction and mental health services, and despite the ongoing challenges, large sections of the current literature support the inclusion of peer support workers in the mental health care workforce. The feasibility and maintenance of a robust PSS in health care would only be possible through collaborative efforts and ongoing support and engagement from all health care practitioners, managers, and other stakeholders.

scholarly journals Peer Support in Mental Health: Literature Review

10.2196/15572 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. e15572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reham A Hameed Shalaby ◽  
Vincent I O Agyapong
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Care System

Background A growing gap has emerged between people with mental illness and health care professionals, which in recent years has been successfully closed through the adoption of peer support services (PSSs). Peer support in mental health has been variously defined in the literature and is simply known as the help and support that people with lived experience of mental illness or a learning disability can give to one another. Although PSSs date back to several centuries, it is only in the last few decades that these services have formally evolved, grown, and become an integral part of the health care system. Debates around peer support in mental health have been raised frequently in the literature. Although many authors have emphasized the utmost importance of incorporating peer support into the health care system to instill hope; to improve engagement, quality of life, self-confidence, and integrity; and to reduce the burden on the health care system, other studies suggest that there are neutral effects from integrating PSSs into health care systems, with a probable waste of resources. Objective In this general review, we aimed to examine the literature, exploring the evolution, growth, types, function, generating tools, evaluation, challenges, and the effect of PSSs in the field of mental health and addiction. In addition, we aimed to describe PSSs in different, nonexhaustive contexts, as shown in the literature, that aims to draw attention to the proposed values of PSSs in such fields. Methods The review was conducted through a general search of the literature on MEDLINE, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Scopus, Chemical Abstracts, and PsycINFO. Search terms included peer support, peer support in mental health, social support, peer, family support, and integrated care. Results There is abundant literature defining and describing PSSs in different contexts as well as tracking their origins. Two main transformational concepts have been described, namely, intentional peer support and transformation from patients to peer support providers. The effects of PSSs are extensive and integrated into different fields, such as forensic PSSs, addiction, and mental health, and in different age groups and mental health condition severity. Satisfaction of and challenges to PSS integration have been clearly dependent on a number of factors and consequently impact the future prospect of this workforce. Conclusions There is an internationally growing trend to adopt PSSs within addiction and mental health services, and despite the ongoing challenges, large sections of the current literature support the inclusion of peer support workers in the mental health care workforce. The feasibility and maintenance of a robust PSS in health care would only be possible through collaborative efforts and ongoing support and engagement from all health care practitioners, managers, and other stakeholders.

scholarly journals POST-COVID-19HEALTHCARE:TRANSITIONTOANEW NORMAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Safia Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Process ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Care System

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the health care system to face extraordinary circumstances. These challenges bring forth a new era with a certain high point like the transition to the fusion of in person and digital health practice framework. Post COVID-19 there is a lot of sludge in health care, inthe form of administrative processes and requirements that slow down the core activities of providing care. COVID-19 crisis is used as an opportunity to reduce administrative burdens which most of the times made a primary care physician feel demoralized and burned out'. The focus of healthcare has shifted from hospitals to homes using telemedicine technologies which enabled virtual visits and remote care delivery. COVID-19 signified the telemedicine to be an essential component of healthcare delivery. It proved to an effective and safe way of treatment and avoiding nosocomial infections’. Previously, telemedicine was not considered to be a normal consultation method, nowadays it’s part of the normal lives of the patients as well as health care providers. The other big advantage of this great tool is that one can consult doctors even from very remote areas, which is impossible to consult physically. Different technological advancement like Artificial Intelligence-based diagnostics, cloud-based storage of medical records and integration of information in and outside hospitals were explored and adopted in the COVID-19 pandemic. Data is the key to advance research and refine health care process and outcomes for the COVID-19 patients. The digitalization of the health care system can provide significant benefit’. The phenomenon of digitalization of healthcare system is especially benefited for the developing world, because, in the resource-limited environment, a lot of cost and resources can be saved by opting paperless systems. When people were locked down, social media was pivotal in creating awareness and educating people in a short period*. There was a lot of stuff regarding COVID-19 pandemic on social media and most interestingly it was portrayedin a way that one could not be able to neglect the content. Consequently, intentionally or unintentionally many of the users opted some of the measures for prevention of the deadlyinfection. The pandemic has shown us that countries with the more robust public health system, primary care services and a healthier population perform well in the fight against the pandemic. Safeguard of voluntary and community organization is essential’. At the same time the countries with fewer resources and with limited measures for controlling massive disasters, in the form of this pandemic, got exposed. This is an alarming situation for global organizations like the World Health Organization and other health-related global leaders to work together for making sure that health resources be equally provided to all the countries across the globe. The COVID-19 pandemic educated the underdeveloped countries regarding infection control measures like Biosafety and Biosecurity. Health official shifted their resources in maintaining hygienic measures to patients, doctors and support staff. Overall, this led to great impact in revolutionizing patient care and improving quality standards. The deficiency of trained staff in Intensive Care Unit and Accident & Emergency is also highlighted in this pandemic. Hence the focus should be on enabling the existing resources to acquire skill in these specialties. The people started making the right food choice, adapting to healthy physical exercise and ensuring therapies to relieve stress and anxiety’. The pandemic brings changes to the healthcare system, whichis not entirely new, these were introduced by technologists earlier; the system is going back to normal that is stronger, smarter and healthier. Hospitals should ensure that their infrastructure is sufficiently ready to cope with the advent of digitalization.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic position and prediagnostic health care contacts in children with cancer in Denmark: a nationwide register study

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Line Hjøllund Pedersen ◽  
Friederike Erdmann ◽  
Gitte Lerche Aalborg ◽  
Lisa Lyngsie Hjalgrim ◽  
Hanne Bækgaard Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Children With Cancer ◽  
Parental Health ◽  
Stage Of Disease ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Care System

Abstract Background While underlying mechanisms and pathways of social inequalities in cancer survival have been extensively examined in adults, this is less so for children with cancer. Hypothesized mechanisms include prediagnostic utilization of and navigation through the health care system, which may differ by socioeconomic resources of the families. In this nationwide register-based study we investigated the association between measures of family socioeconomic position in relation to prediagnostic health care contacts and stage of disease at diagnosis in children with cancer in Denmark. Methods We identified all children diagnosed with a cancer at ages 0–15 years in 1998–2016 (N = 3043) from the Danish Childhood Cancer Registry. We obtained comprehensive information on measures of socioeconomic position, parental health and prediagnostic contacts to both general practitioners and hospitals 24 months prior to diagnosis from various national registries. We fitted multivariable conditional logistic regression models for the association of family socioeconomic and health-related variables with firstly, frequent health care contacts and secondly, advanced stage. Results We found higher odds ratios (OR) of frequent both overall and emergency health care contacts in the last 3 months before diagnosis in children from households with short parental education and mixed affiliation to work market, when compared to children with high family socioeconomic position. Further, children of parents with depression or of non-Western origin, respectively, had higher OR for frequent overall and emergency contacts. We found no association between socioeconomic position, parental health and stage of disease. Conclusion Families with socioeconomic disadvantage, non-Western origin or depression more frequently utilize prediagnostic health care services, both generally and in the acute setting, indicating that some disadvantaged families may struggle to navigate the health care system when their child is sick. Reassuringly, this was not reflected in disparities in stage at diagnosis. In order to improve the diagnostic process and potentially reduce health care contacts, attention and support should be given to families with a high number of health care contacts over a short period of time.

scholarly journals THE HEALTH CARE AND POPULATION HEALTH IN THE KALUGA REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-196
Author(s):  
Nataliya R. Turchaeva
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Average Life Span ◽  
Kaluga Region ◽  
Demographic Policy ◽  
Care System

The support of high level of life quality of population presupposes organization of efficient health care system both in general and in particular regions. The state health care investments permitted to implement large-scale state programs, including the priority National Project "Health" and regional programs of health care modernization. All this promoted positive alterations in demographic policy and health attitude in population and increasing of average life-span. However, problem of establishing characteristics and trends in alterations of demographic policy, population health, level of morbidity of main classes of diseases and assessment of efficiency of health care system in conditions of concrete region continues to be rather actual one and significant for practice. The statistical data was used for analyzing main demographic indices of the Kaluga region with the purpose to characterize actual demographic situation as one of the factors of social economic development of the region. The analysis of primary morbidity according visits to medical institutions and mortality of population of the oblast was implemented. The distribution of population of Kaluga region according age groups was demonstrated, characterizing decreasing of number of able-bodied population against the background of increasing of number of population older than able-bodied age. The dynamics of development of health care system in the Kaluga region during 2010-2016 was presented and analyzed.

Medical evacuation of remote industrial sites personnel. Fundamental problems and methods of its solving

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-221
Author(s):  
Andrey B. Karpov ◽  
Andjey V. Skobelsky ◽  
Erzhena R. Badmaeva ◽  
Ivan P. Shibalkov ◽  
Roman G. Mazurov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Medical Evacuation ◽  
Remote Health ◽  
Care System

Introduction. The organization of medical assistance for employees of remote industrial facilities is a highly pressing task, and the role of medical evacuation in the health care system can hardly be overestimated. There is currently no unified medical evacuation system. There is no data on the structure of the reasons for evacuations and economic justification for the required amount of funding for this area in Russia. Purpose. The assessment of the structure of the reasons for medical evacuations of the personnel from remote industrial facilities and their possible relationship to seasonality, the profile of the enterprises, and the age of workers. Material and methods. Considering that men constitute most industrial facilities’ personnel, the analysis of 1,823 evacuations among male personnel (1,159 planned and 664 emergencies) was carried out. The structure of the reasons for evacuations was studied depending on the age, season, and industrial enterprise profile. The χ2 Pearson criterion (significance level p <0.05) was used to assess the significance of differences between analyzed indices. Results. In the structure of all evacuations of the personnel of remote industrial facilities, diseases of the circulatory system are the leading reason for evacuations, followed by injuries and poisoning, diseases of the digestive system and respiratory diseases. The main reason for emergency evacuations is injuries and poisoning. In the group of workers under 39 years old, injuries and poisoning, diseases of the digestive system and diseases of the circulatory system take the first three positions. In the more senior age groups, diseases of the circulatory system prevail, injuries and poisoning take second place, and digestive diseases take third place. Conclusion. The main directions in improving the health care system and maintaining the health of the personnel of remote industrial facilities include the development of the legal framework for activities in the field of remote health care, the organization of the unified state system of medical evacuations, the development and the implementation of telemedicine technologies, the organization of educational courses and training programs for medical professionals in the field of remote health care.

scholarly journals Organization of medical care for children in Ukraine (review of literature)

2018 ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
V. V. Trokhimchuk ◽  
O. I. Belyaeva ◽  
L. M. Unhurian
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pediatric Care ◽  
Structural Reorganization ◽  
Medical Aid ◽  
State And Local ◽  
National Programs ◽  
Care System

The realization of high quality medical measures for protecting children’s health remains an important issue at the stage of reforming the domestic medicine. The aim of this work was to study and analyze the system of medical aid for children in Ukraine. The research focused on normative-legal acts regulating the organization of medical aid for children. The research methods are informative, retrospective, historical, logical and analytical. The analysis of normative-legal documents regulating the organization of rendering of medical aid for children established their formality and economic groundlessness. According to January 2017, only 35 documents were included into the Registry of medical technological documents in the direction of «Pediatrics». It means that many children’s pathological states are not covered by standardization, what reduces the quality of medical aid. The national programs for the improvement of health status of children remained unrealized due to the lack of funding, ill-coordinated links between program implementers, the lack of effective monitoring of the quality and results of realizing the state programs. The implementation result of IMChI strategy was the reduction of mortality rate in children of different age groups in the pilot regions. In terms of reforming the combined model (model III) is the most effective and acceptable for pediatric care rendering. The population expenses reach nearly half of the total funding of the sector, what demonstrates the inconsistencies between the real state of children’s assurance in the health care system of Ukraine and national normative acts. It was determined the necessity of structural reorganization of the system, the optimization of beds number, the increase of medical care funding from state and local budgets, the raising of resource efficiency of health care system and the continued development and implementation of modern protocols (standards) for the treatment of children pathologies.

scholarly journals Organizational issues of glaucoma diagnosis in Kazakhstan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neilya Aldasheva ◽  
Lyailya Tashtitova ◽  
Mukhit Kulmaganbetov
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Organizational Issues ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
State Programs ◽  
Care System

Abstract Purpose Analysis of the organizational issues of the diagnosis of glaucoma in Kazakhstan and State programs for health care system: “Salamatty Kazakhstan” and “Densaulyk”. Methods The state of screening for glaucoma was included increased intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement and pachymetry, which was used for the corneal thickness examination. Although the IOP can be increased or be in the normal ranges, thin central cornea thickness generally was ignored by ophthalmologists. In this regard, the indications for examination for glaucoma with systemic hypotension during screening were expanded, and pachymetry was one of the essential diagnostic tool in the clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma as a mandatory research method. Results Sufficiency and effectiveness of the screening program was confirmed by the trend in the number of identified patients with glaucoma depending on age. Correlation between suspected glaucoma and age groups was exposed. The number of registered glaucoma patients was 43,337 patients in 2010. In contrast, after the screening program the figures raised to 68,195 people in 2016. Moreover, there was the increase of newly identified glaucoma cases by 49%: from 70.8 per 100 thousand populations in 2010 to 124 per 100 thousand populations in 2016. Conclusions State programs for health care system development in Republic of Kazakhstan "Salamatty Kazakhstan" (2011-2015) and "Densaulyk" (2016 – 2019) were the initial steps for the prevention of the irreversible blindness and disability due to glaucoma. Screening programs allow to timely and adequate diagnosis of the disease over 40 years of age.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document